著者

Hossain Md. Amran Ikeda Yutaka Hara Toru Nagasaki Yukio

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces (ISSN:09277765)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, pp.778-782, 2013-02

被引用文献数

7 3

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A new approach to the preparation of PEGylated [PEG: poly(ethylene glycol)] SiO2/Au hybrid nanoparticles was investigated. The synthesis of a PEGylated nanogel containing SiO2/Au hybrid nanoparticles was performed using matrix-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate, followed by the reduction of HAuCl4. UV–vis absorption of the prepared hybrid particles was obtained at 618 nm, which is a much longer wavelength than that of a nanogel containing only Au nanoparticles (523 nm). High-angle annular dark field images of the prepared particles observed using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the coexistence of Si and Au in the same particle. The presence of Si and Au in the prepared particles was also confirmed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Dynamic light-scattering measurements of the particles in a highly ionic medium showed that they have high stability in both acidic and basic regions.

著者

Watanabe Masahiro Kaneoka Koji Okubo Yu Shiina Itsuo Tatsumura Masaki Miyakawa Shumpei

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Physiotherapy (ISSN:00319406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.1, pp.78-83, 2013-03

被引用文献数

11 2

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ObjectiveTo determine trunk muscle activity when lifting an object of greater weight than expected, which may contribute to the development of low back pain.DesignElectromyographic evaluation of trunk muscle activity.SettingUniversity of Tsukuba, Spine laboratory.ParticipantsEleven healthy men with a mean age of 24 (SD 2) years.InterventionsTrunk muscle activity was measured when subjects lifted an object with their right arm in immediate response to a light stimulus. Surface and wire electrodes were used to measure the activity of the rectus abdominis, external oblique and erector spinae muscles, and the transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus muscles, respectively. The lifting tests were performed in three different settings: lifting an expected 1-kg object, lifting an unexpected 4-kg object (erroneously expected to weigh 1 kg), and lifting an expected 4-kg object.Main outcome measuresThe muscle activity induced when subjects lifted objects of different weights was compared by calculating the root mean square (RMS) of muscle activity at rest and % maximum voluntary contraction.ResultsWhen the subjects were aware of the weight of the object to be lifted, the activity of the external oblique, transversus abdominis, erector spinae and lumbar multifidus muscles increased immediately after lifting. When the subjects were not aware of the weight of the object to be lifted, the increase in muscle activity was delayed (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTrunk muscles may not be able to function appropriately when individuals lift an object that is much heavier than expected.

著者

Hayashi Hitoshi Wang Aohan Kawabata Kohsuke Goto Hiromasa

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Materials chemistry and physics (ISSN:02540584)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.3, pp.816-824, 2013-01

被引用文献数

11

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A series of chiral three-ring type compounds with rigid shape was employed as chiral inducers for induction of chiral cholesteric liquid crystal (cholesteric LC) from achiral nematic LC. Helical twisting power of the chiral compounds was estimated with the Cano wedge method. Cholesteric LC electrolyte solution was prepared by adding the chiral compounds. Subsequently, polymerization in the cholesteric LC was carried out to produce chiroptically active polymer films. This method is different from conventional methods for synthesizing chiral polymers because neither chiral monomers nor asymmetric catalysts are employed. Surface structure and optical properties of the polymer thus prepared were examined.

著者

Akiyama Shigeki Komornik Vilmos

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of number theory (ISSN:0022314X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.2, pp.375-390, 2013-02

被引用文献数

16

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By the m-spectrum of a real number q>1 we mean the set Ym(q) of values p(q) where p runs over the height m polynomials with integer coefficients. These sets have been extensively investigated during the last fifty years because of their intimate connections with infinite Bernoulli convolutions, spectral properties of substitutive point sets and expansions in noninteger bases. We prove that Ym(q) has an accumulation point if and only if q<m+1 and q is not a Pisot number. Consequently a number of related results on the distribution of points of this form are improved.

著者

Shibata Midori Toyomura Akira Motoyama Hiroki Itoh Hiroaki Kawabata Yasuhiro Abe Jun-ichi

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Brain and Language (ISSN:0093934X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.3, pp.254-260, 2012-06

被引用文献数

29

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Since Aristotle, people have believed that metaphors and similes express the same type of figurative meaning, despite the fact that they are expressed with different sentence patterns. In contrast, recent psycholinguistic models have suggested that metaphors and similes may promote different comprehension processes. In this study, we investigated the neural substrates involved in the comprehension of metaphor and simile using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate whether simile comprehension differs from metaphor comprehension or not. In the metaphor and simile sentence conditions, higher activation was seen in the left inferior frontal gyrus. This result suggests that the activation in both metaphor and simile conditions indicates similar patterns in the left frontal region. The results also suggest that similes elicit higher levels of activation in the medial frontal region which might be related to inference processes, whereas metaphors elicit more right-sided prefrontal activation which might be related to figurative language comprehension.

著者

Kawamura Kimitaka Izawa Yusuke Mochida Michihiro Shiraiwa Takayuki

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN:00167037)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, pp.317-329, 2012-12-15

被引用文献数

91

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We successfully detected biomass burning tracers including levoglucosan and vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic and dehydroabietic acids in an ice core (153 m long, ca. 300 years old) taken from Ushkovsky ice cap (altitude, 3903 m), the Kamchatka Peninsula, Northeast Asia. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) were also determined in the ice core. Levoglucosan, which is produced by pyrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose and thus is a general tracer of biomass burning, showed sporadic peaks in the years of 1705, 1759, 1883, 1915, 1949 and 1972, with the largest peak in 1949. However, its concentrations did not show a systematic increase in the last century although the concentration peaks seemingly corresponded to the higher ambient temperatures in the northern high latitudes. In contrast, dehydroabietic acid, a specific tracer of the pyrolysis of conifer resin, showed a gradual increase from the early 1900s to 1990s with a significant peak in 1970. Contributions of dehydroabietic acid to TOC also showed an increasing trend for the 20th century. Similarly, vanillic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids presented higher concentrations in the last half-century with sporadic peaks in 1705, 1759 and 1949. This study showed that general biomass burning tracers such as levoglucosan have been sporadically transported over the glacier of the Kamchatka Peninsula. In contrast, the ice core record of dehydroabietic acid indicated that fires of boreal conifer forest have more frequently and increasingly occurred in Far East and Siberia during the last century and transported to the Northwestern Pacific. The present study demonstrates that organic tracers of biomass burning preserved in ice core could provide historical records of biomass burning and boreal forest fires.

著者

Harima Yukiko Takashima Yoshiki Ueda Yuriko Ohtsuka Toshiyuki Kageyama Ryoichiro

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Cell Reports (ISSN:22111247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, 2013-01-31

被引用文献数

130

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Hes7遺伝子のイントロン削減による分節時計の加速化. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2012-12-07.

著者

Takeuchi Kota Tsuboi Akito

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Annals of pure and applied logic (ISSN:01680072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.163, no.12, pp.1891-1902, 2012-12

被引用文献数

11 5

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We introduce several concepts concerning the indiscernibility of trees. A tree is by definition an ordered set (O,<) such that, for any a∈O, the initial segment {b∈O:b<a} determined by a is a linearly ordered set. A typical example of a tree is the set ω<ω of finite ω-sequences with the order relation <ini, where η<iniν means that η is a proper initial segment of ν. In this paper, we consider some structure M in the language L and are interested in sets A of the form (aη)η∈O, where O is a tree, and aη labeled by η is an element in M. Such a set A is also called a tree in this paper. We study the indiscernibility of trees A in general settings and apply the obtained results to the study of unstable theories.

著者

Vong Long Binh Tomita Tsutomu Yoshitomi Toru Matsui Hirofumi Nagasaki Yukio

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Gastroenterology (ISSN:00165085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.4, pp.1027-1036.e3, 2012-10

被引用文献数

155 22

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Background & AimsDrugs used to treat patients with ulcerative colitis are not always effective because of nonspecific distribution, metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, and side effects. We designed a nitroxide radical-containing nanoparticle (RNPO) that accumulates specifically in the colon to suppress inflammation and reduce the undesirable side effects of nitroxide radicals.MethodsRNPO was synthesized by assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer that contains stable nitroxide radicals in an ether-linked hydrophobic side chain. Biodistribution of RNPO in mice was determined from radioisotope and electron spin resonance measurements. The effects of RNPO were determined in mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and compared with those of low-molecular-weight drugs (4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl [TEMPOL] or mesalamine).ResultsRNPO, with a diameter of 40 nm and a shell of poly(ethylene glycol), had a significantly greater level of accumulation in the colonic mucosa than low-molecular-weight TEMPOL or polystyrene latex particles. RNPO was not absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal wall, despite its long-term retention in the colon, which prevented its distribution to other parts of the body. Mice with DSS-induced colitis had significantly lower disease activity index and less inflammation following 7 days of oral administration of RNPO compared with mice with DSS-induced colitis or mice given low-molecular-weight TEMPOL or mesalamine.ConclusionsWe designed an orally administered RNPO that accumulates specifically in the colons of mice with colitis and is more effective in reducing inflammation than low-molecular-weight TEMPOL or mesalamine. RNPO might be developed for treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis.

著者

Hayakawa Ichiro Ikedo Akiyuki Chinen Takumi Usui Takeo Kigoshi Hideo

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry (ISSN:09680896)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.19, pp.5745-5756, 2012-10

被引用文献数

17 3

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Various analogues of glaziovianin A, an antitumor isoflavone, were synthesized, and their biological activities were evaluated. O7-modified glaziovianin A showed strong cytotoxicity against HeLa S3 cells. Compared to glaziovianin A, the O7-benzyl and O7-propargyl analogues were more cytotoxic against HeLa S3 cells and more potent M-phase inhibitors. Furthermore, O7-modified molecular probes of glaziovianin A were synthesized for biological studies.

著者

Kita Masaki Oka Hirotaka Usui Akihiro Ishitsuka Tomoya Mogi Yuzo Watanabe Hidekazu

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Tetrahedron (ISSN:00404020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.42, pp.8753-8760, 2012-10

被引用文献数

7

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Mycalolides are tris-oxazole macrolides isolated from the marine sponge Mycale sp., which shows cytotoxic, antifungal, and actin-depolymerizing activities. To develop an efficient synthetic route of mycalolides and to evaluate its functional mechanism of biological activities, tris-oxazole macrolactone analogs of mycalolides were synthesized through the use of ring-closing metathesis (RCM). The presence/absence of protecting groups at C3, solvent polarity, and reaction temperature significantly affected the stereoselectivity of RCM (E/Z=2.5/1.0–1.0/2.5). The 19E- and 19Z-stereoisomers both exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against tumor cells, but neither showed significant actin-depolymerizing properties or antimycotic activity against pathogenic fungi. Thus, both the side-chain (actin-binding) moiety and the macrolactone moiety were suggested to be essential for the potent biological activities of the parent molecules.

著者

Fu Pingqing Kawamura Kimitaka Kobayashi Minoru Simoneit Bernd R. T.

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Atmospheric Environment (ISSN:13522310)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.234-239, 2012-08

被引用文献数

154

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Sugars are important water-soluble organic constituents of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). In order to better understand the sources and seasonal variations of sugars in aerosols, primary saccharides (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and trehalose) and sugar alcohols (arabitol and mannitol), together with levoglucosan, have been studied in ambient aerosols at Gosan, Jeju Island in the western North Pacific, the downwind region of the Asian outflow, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the sugar composition varied seasonally with a total concentration range of 6.8-1760 ng m^[-3] (mean 246 ng m^[-3]). The total identified sugars had the highest concentration in April, the spring bloom season at Jeju Island, when sucrose contributed up to 80% of the total sugars. The dominance of sucrose was also detected in pollen samples, suggesting that pollen can contribute significantly to sucrose in aerosols during the spring bloom. The seasonal variation of trehalose is consistent with those of non-sea-salt Ca2+ and δ13C of total carbon with elevated levels during the Asian dust storm events. This study indicates that sugar compounds in atmospheric PM over East Asia can be derived from biomass burning, Asian dust, and primary biological aerosols such as fungal spores and pollen. Furthermore, this study supports the idea that sucrose could be used as a tracer for airborne pollen grains, and trehalose as a tracer for Asian dust outflow.

著者

Fredj F. Ben Han J. Irie M. Funamizu N. Ghrabi A. Isoda H.

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety (ISSN:01476513)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, pp.54-62, 2012-10

被引用文献数

6 5

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Irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) is a vital alternative for arid and semi-arid lands but it poses pollution-risk to soil, vegetation and groundwater. Therefore, in the present study, in vitro bioassays were used to evaluate the adverse effects of TWW and irrigated-soil extract sample, on mammalian cells, with respect to heavy metal—Ni, Cd, Pb, Fe, Al-content. The heat shock protein (HSP) 47, E-screen, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assays served to investigate the stress response of treated-HSP47-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the estrogenic activity of the samples in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and the barrier function (BF) of Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, proteomics analyses were performed to shed light on involved mechanisms and to establish pollution biomarkers. Results showed that the TWW elicited a stress response on HSP cells from 0.1% concentration while soil extract samples exhibited a stress at 1%. TWW induced an estrogenic activity at 10%; up-regulating cell proliferation and tumor-related proteins. Soil extract triggered the enhanced expression of HSP70 family proteins as survival mechanisms against their cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 cells. Moreover, depending on the concentration, 1% of soil extract from 20 cm depth (T20) resulted in a disruption of BF in Caco-2 cells involving cell metabolism, protein synthesis and tumor marker proteins, whereas, 5% of T20 induced the expression of BF-related proteins associated to heat shock, oxidative stress, cell proliferation and glycolytic metabolic pathway. These biological techniques were found to be extremely useful to evaluate the impact of wastewater reuse and to establish specific biomarkers that are common proteins for humans, other mammals and plants. Future studies should focus on exposure quantifications.

著者

Yoshida Yoshinori Takahashi Kazutoshi Okita Keisuke Ichisaka Tomoko Yamanaka Shinya

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Cell Stem Cell (ISSN:19345909)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.237-241, 2009-08

被引用文献数

4 616

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低酸素濃度培養によるiPS細胞樹立効率の改善 -効率的な樹立方法開発に貢献する知見をCell Stem Cellに報告-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2009-08-28. http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ja/news_data/h/h1/news6/2009/090828_2.htm

著者

Mashimo Tomoji Takizawa Akiko Kobayashi Junya Kunihiro Yayoi Yoshimi Kazuto Ishida Saeko Tanabe Koji Yanagi Ami Tachibana Asato Hirose Jun Yomoda Jun-Ichiro Morimoto Shiho Kuramoto Takashi Voigt Birger Watanabe Takeshi Hiai Hiroshi Tateno Chise Komatsu Kenshi Serikawa Tadao

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Cell reports (ISSN:22111247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.3, pp.685-694, 2012-09-27

被引用文献数

61

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重症免疫不全SCIDラットの作製 : ヒトiPS細胞、がん細胞、肝細胞をラット体内で培養することに成功. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2012-09-14.

著者

Yuan Xiaofei Fabregat Dolça Yoshimoto Keitaro Nagasaki Yukio

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces (ISSN:09277765)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, pp.45-52, 2012-11

被引用文献数

23

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Rabbit anti-human ferritin (anti-hFT) polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were sequentially co-immobilized onto polystyrene submicroparticles (sMPs) to construct sMP/anti-hFT/PEG (SAP) immunolatex. Chemical immobilization of anti-hFT was performed at different pH levels to evaluate variations in antigen recognition. Basic pH disfavored conjugation of anti-hFT to sMPs, but remarkably increased its antigen recognition in comparison to that at neutral pH. We investigated this intriguing phenomenon further by assessing the kinetics of antibody binding, including the time-dependency of immobilization, antigen recognition, and orientation of bound anti-hFT. Therefore, we attributed high antigen recognition to significant electrostatic repulsion between sMPs and anti-hFT at basic pH, which predominately prevented anti-hFT access to sMPs and concurrently promoted anti-hFT orientations suitable for antigen recognition. Subsequent PEG modification maintained such anti-hFT orientation, without which antigen-accessible orientations would have decreased with time. Thus, properly oriented antibody and immediate PEGylation after antibody immobilization contributed to the formation of a high-performance SAP immunolatex.

著者

Sato Jun J. Wolsan Mieczyslaw Prevosti Francisco J. D'Elía Guillermo Begg Colleen Begg Keith Hosoda Tetsuji Campbell Kevin L. Suzuki Hitoshi

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (ISSN:10557903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.745-757, 2012-06

被引用文献数

126

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We analyzed a concatenated (8492 bp) nuclear-mitochondrial DNA data set from 44 musteloids (including the first genetic data for Lyncodon patagonicus) with parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic and biogeographic inference and two Bayesian methods of chronological inference. Here we show that Musteloidea emerged approximately 32.4-30.9 million years ago (MYA) in Asia, shortly after the greenhouse-icehouse global climate shift at the Eocene-Oligocene transition. During their Oligocene radiation, which proceeded wholly or mostly in Asia, musteloids diversified into four primary divisions: the Mephitidae lineage separated first, succeeded by Ailuridae and the divergence of the Procyonidae and Mustelidae lineages. Mustelidae arose approximately 16.1 MYA within the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum, and extensively diversified in the Miocene, mostly in Asia. The early offshoots of this radiation largely evolved into badger and marten ecological niches (Taxidiinae, Melinae, Mellivorinae, Guloninae, and Helictidinae), whereas the later divergences have adapted to other niches including those of weasels, polecats, minks, and otters (Mustelinae, Ictonychinae, and Lutrinae). Notably, and contrary to traditional beliefs, the morphological adaptations of badgers, martens, weasels, polecats, and minks each evolved independently more than once within Mustelidae. Ictonychinae (which is most closely related to Lutrinae) arose approximately 9.5-8.9 MYA, most likely in Asia, where it diverged into the Old World Ictonychini (Vormela, Poecilictis, Ictonyx, and Poecilogale) and New World Lyncodontini (Lyncodon and Galictis) lineages. Ictonychini presumably entered Africa during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (at the Miocene-Pliocene transition), which interposed the origins of this clade (approximately 6.5-6.0 MYA) and its African Poecilictis-Ictonyx-Poecilogale subclade (approximately 4.8-4.5 MYA). Lyncodontini originated approximately 2.9-2.6 MYA at the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition in South America, slightly after the emergence of the Panamanian land bridge that provided for the Great American Biotic Interchange. As the genera Martes and Ictonyx (as currently circumscribed) are paraphyletic with respect to the genera Gulo and Poecilogale, respectively, we propose that Pekania and Poecilictis be treated as valid genera and that "Martes" pennanti and "Ictonyx" libyca, respectively, be assigned to these genera.

著者

Shimizu Kaoruko Hasegawa Masaru Makita Hironi Nasuhara Yasuyuki Konno Satoshi Nishimura Masaharu

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Respiratory Medicine (ISSN:09546111)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.9, pp.1275-1283, 2011-09

被引用文献数

36

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Background: Few studies have directly compared airway remodelling assessed by computed tomography (CT) between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study was conducted to determine whether there are any differences between the two diseases with similar levels of airflow limitation under clinically stable conditions. Methods: Subjects included older male asthmatic patients (n = 19) showing FEV1/FVC &lt;70% with smoking history less than 5-pack/year. Age- and sex-matched COPD patients (n = 28) who demonstrated similar airflow limitation as asthmatic patients and age-matched healthy non-smokers (n = 13) were recruited. Using proprietary software, eight airways were selected in the right lung, and wall area percent (WA%) and airway luminal area (Ai) were measured at the mid-portion of the 3rd to 6th generation of each airway. For comparison, the average of eight measurements per generation was recorded. Results: FEV1% predicted and FEV1/FVC was similar between asthma and COPD (82.3 ± 3.3% vs. 77.6 ± 1.8% and 57.7 ± 1.6% vs. 57.9 ± 1.4%). At any generation, WA% was larger and Ai was smaller in asthma, both followed by COPD and then controls. Significant differences were observed between asthma and controls in WA% of the 3rd to 5th generation and Ai of any generation airway, while no differences were seen between COPD and controls. There were significant differences in Ai of any generation between asthma and COPD. Conclusions: Airway remodelling assessed by CT is more prominent in asthma compared with age- and sex-matched COPD subjects in the 3rd- to 6th-generation airways when airflow limitations were similar under stable clinical conditions.

著者

Takegawa Yasuhiro Deguchi Kisaburo Keira Takuro Ito Hiroki Nakagawa Hiroaki Nishimura Shin-Ichiro

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of Chromatography A (ISSN:00219673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1113, no.1-2, pp.177-181, 2006-04-28

被引用文献数

114

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Isomeric oligosaccharides and isomeric glycopeptides are sometimes difficult to separate on normal-phase (NP) and reversed-phase (RP) columns. A zwitterionic type of hydrophilic-interaction chromatography column with sulfobetaine groups (called ZIC-HILIC column) was first applied to the separation of 2-aminopyridine derivatized (PA) N-glycans and tryptic peptides of human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG). It is shown that the ZIC-HILIC column has high capability for structural recognition of isomeric N-glycans as well as high selectivity for glycopeptides. The former feature (i.e., structural recognition) was proven by sufficient separation of neutral PA N-glycan isomers, which are usually difficult to separate on NP and RP columns. In addition, it is noteworthy that IgG glycopeptides consisting of isomeric N-glycans and the same peptide sequences can be sufficiently separated on a ZIC-HILIC column. The latter feature (i.e., selectivity) was also demonstrated by easily separating two peptide groups with/without N-glycans. Thus, we note that the ZIC-HILIC column is highly promising for a simple analysis of N-glycans and N-glycopeptide samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

著者

Yoshida Yoshinori Yamanaka Shinya

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (ISSN:00222828)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.327-332, 2011-02

被引用文献数

123

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For the treatment of heart failure, a new strategy to improve cardiac function and inhibit cardiac remodeling needs to be established. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are pluripotent cells that can differentiate into cell types from all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effect of ES/iPS cell-derived progeny was reported in animal model. Mouse and human somatic cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by the transduction of four transcription factors, Oct 3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. However, the low induction efficiency hinders the clinical application of iPS technology, and efforts have been made to improve the reprogramming efficiency. There are variations in the characteristics in ES/iPS cell lines, and the further understanding is necessary for the applications of ES/iPS cell technology. Some improvements were also made in the methods to induce cardiomyocytes from ES/iPS cells efficiently. This review article is focused on generation of iPS cells, cardiomyocyte differentiation from ES/iPS cells, and transplantation of derived cardiomyocytes.This article is part of a special issue entitled, "Cardiovascular Stem Cells Revisited".