著者
Jun Chen Hongzhou Lu
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2021.01092, (Released:2021-03-19)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
31

Despite strict control measures implemented worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage. Several drugs, including lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, and remdesivir, have been evaluated for the treatment of COVID-19 during the past year. While most of the drugs failed to display efficacy in treating COVID-19, scientists have encouraged herd immunity to control the pandemic. Immunity generated after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 is precarious, as indicated by real-world evidence in the form of epidemiological data from Manaus, Brazil. Vaccines using different platforms are therefore the most promising approach to help us return to normality. Although several vaccines have been authorized for emergency use, there are still many concerns regarding their accessibility, the vaccination rate, and most importantly, their efficacy in preventing infection with emerging virus variants. Continued virus surveillance and rapid redesign of new vaccines to counter new variants are crucial to fighting COVID-19. Rapid production and extensive vaccination are also essential to preventing the emergence of new variants. Nevertheless, antivirals including monoclonal antibodies and oral medicines need to be developed in light of uncertainties with regard to vaccination. In the battle between humans and SARS-CoV-2, the speed with which we fight the virus, and especially its emerging variants, is the key to winning.
著者
Yamin Chen Luying Cheng Rongna Lian Ziwei Song Jinhui Tian
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2021.01061, (Released:2021-03-19)
参考文献数
51
被引用文献数
40

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected tens of millions of people globally since it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. There is an urgent need for safe and effective preventive vaccines to curb this pandemic. A growing amount of related research has been published. This study aimed to provide the current status of COVID-19 vaccine using bibliometric analysis. We searched Embase.com and MEDLINE comprehensively and included articles, articles in press, reviews, short surveys, conference abstracts and conference papers about COVID-19 vaccine. VOSviewer1.6.11 (Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands) was applied to perform the bibliometric analysis of these papers. A total of 1,312 papers were finally included. The BMJ has been the most popular journal in this field. The United States maintained a top position worldwide and has provided a pivotal influence, followed by China, India and United Kingdom. Among all the institutions, Harvard University was regarded as a leader for research collaboration. We analyzed the keywords and identified seven COVID-19 vaccine research hotspot clusters. COVID-19 vaccine research hotspots focus on clinical trials on vaccine safety and efficacy, research on vaccine immunology and immunoinformatics, and vaccine hesitancy. Our analysis results demonstrated that cooperation between countries, institutions, and authors were insufficient. The results suggested that clinical trials on vaccine safety, efficacy, immunology, immunoinformatics, production and delivery are research hotspots. Furthermore, we can predict that there will be a lot of research focusing on vaccine adverse reactions.
著者
Kenji Karako Peipei Song Yu Chen Wei Tang Norihiro Kokudo
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2021.01019, (Released:2021-01-29)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
70

The first case of COVID-19 in Japan was reported on 16 January 2020. The total number of the infected has reached 313,844 and the number of deaths has reached 4,379 as of 16 January 2021. This article reviews the characteristics of and responses to the three waves of COVID-19 in Japan during 2020-2021 in order to provide a reference for the next step in epidemic prevention and control. The Japanese Government declared a state of emergency on 7 April 2020, which suppressed the increase in the number of the infected by curtailing economic activity. The first wave peaked at 701 new cases a day and it decreased to 21 new cases on May 25 when the state of emergency was lifted. However, the number of the infected increased again due to the resumption of economic activity, with a peak of 1,762 new cases a day during the second wave. Although the situation was worse than that during the first wave, the government succeeded in limiting the increase without declaring a state of emergency again, and that may be attributed to a decrease in crowd activities and an increase in the number of inspections. During the third wave, the number of the infected continued to exceed the peak during previous waves for two months. Major factors for this rise include the government’s implementation of further policies to encourage certain activities, relaxed immigration restrictions, and people not reducing their level of activity. An even more serious problem is the bed usage for patients with COVID-19; bed usage exceeds 50% not only in major cities but also in various areas. On 7 January 2021, 5,953 new cases were reported a day; this greatly exceeded the previous peak, and the state of emergency was declared again. Although Japan has been preparing its medical system since the first wave, maintaining that system has imposed a large economic burden on medical facilities, hence stronger measures and additional support are urgently needed to combat COVID-19 in the coming few months.
著者
Akiho Yagi Hiroyuki Yamazaki Takeshi Terahara Taehui Yang Hiroshi Hamamoto Chiaki Imada Hiroshi Tomoda Ryuji Uchida
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.6, pp.287-295, 2020-12-31 (Released:2021-01-23)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
5

In vivo-mimic silkworm infection models with Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare were newly established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of anti-M. avium complex (MAC) antibiotics. Silkworms raised at 37°C died within 72 hours of an injection of M. avium or M.intracellulare (2.5 × 107 colony-forming unit (CFU)/larva·g) into the hemolymph. Clinical anti-mycobacterial (tuberculosis) antibiotics were evaluated under these conditions. Clarithromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin exerted therapeutic effects in a dose-dependent manner, which was consistent with those in the mouse model. Furthermore, three effective actinomycete culture broths were selected in the screening program of our microbial broth library using the silkworm model, and four active metabolites, ohmyungsamycins A and B (1 and 2), chartreusin (3), and griseoviridin (4), were identified. Among these compounds, 1 showed the lowest 50% effective dose (ED50) value (8.5 µg/larva·g), while 3 had the best ED50/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio (7.4). These results indicate that silkworm models are a useful tool for identifying anti-MAC antibiotics candidates with veritable therapeutic effects.
著者
Jiao Zhang Shoucai Wu Lingzhong Xu
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.3, pp.206-208, 2020-06-30 (Released:2020-07-17)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
15 46

Following a containment phase of two months, China has transitioned to the mitigation phase. However, China still faces the risk of COVID-19 spreading due to not only to sporadic new cases and imported cases but also asymptomatic carriers. According to daily reports from the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China from March 31, 2020 to April 7, 2020, the number of new asymptomatic cases reported daily greatly exceeded that of new imported cases. As of 24:00 on April 7, there were a total of 1,095 asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 under medical observation on the Chinese mainland, including 358 imported cases. A growing number of studies have indicated that asymptomatic carriers are infectious to an extent and can potentially transmit COVID-19. At present, China's measures for managing asymptomatic carriers are 14 days of centralized quarantine and observation; in principle, people with two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests (at an interval of at least 24 hours) can be released from quarantine. However, asymptomatic carriers will not be included in confirmed cases unless they develop clinical manifestations while in quarantine. As "silent spreaders", asymptomatic carriers warrant attention as part of disease prevention and control. The testing and follow-up of asymptomatic carriers should be expanded to include people in close contact with patients with confirmed COVID-19 and asymptomatic cases, clusters of outbreaks, and key areas and populations with a high risk of infection.
著者
Masashi Ohe Ken Furuya Houman Goudarzi
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020.03443, (Released:2020-12-27)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
4

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that struck in late 2019 and early 2020 is a serious threat to human health. Since there are no approved drugs that satisfactorily treat this condition, all efforts at drug design and/or clinical trials are warranted and reasonable. Drug repurposing is a well-known strategy that seeks to deploy existing licensed drugs for newer indications and that provides the quickest possible transition from the bench to the bedside to meet therapeutic needs. At present, several existing licensed drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and remdesivir have been used because of their potential efficacy in inhibiting COVID-19. Recently, antibiotics such as tetracyclines and macrolides have been reported to be effective against COVID-19. A combination of tetracyclines and macrolides may be a potential treatment for COVID-19 because there are some differences in the mechanism of action of tetracyclines and macrolides.
著者
Kenichiro Sato Tatsuo Mano Atsushi Iwata Tatsushi Toda
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.2, pp.139-143, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-05-21)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
3 32

In late March and early April 2020, the antimalarial drug, chloroquine, has been approved as an emergency treatment for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States and in Europe. Although infrequent, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported in patients who received chloroquine for the treatment of malaria or autoimmune diseases. In this study, aiming to investigate these adverse events (AEs) using a large self-reporting database, we conducted a disproportionality analysis for the detection of neuropsychiatric AE signals associated with the use of chloroquine (or hydroxychloroquine), reported to FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database between the fourth quarter of 2012 and the fourth quarter of 2019. We included 2,389,474 AE cases, among which 520 cases developed neuropsychiatric AE following the use of chloroquine. Adjusted reporting odds ratio (ROR) for the development of each of the neuropsychiatric AEs following the use of chloroquine was calculated using a multilevel model: exposure to chloroquine was associated with a statistically significant high reporting of amnesia, delirium, hallucinations, depression, and loss of consciousness, (lower 95% confidence interval of the adjusted ROR > 1), although the degree of increase in their ROR was limited. There was no statistically significant high reporting of any other neuropsychiatric AE, including suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation. Current pharmacovigilance study results did not suggest any potential link between the use of chloroquine and an increased risk of suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation, which would be informative during the emergency use of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19.
著者
Xia Xue Fang Chen Anxin Liu Deqing Sun Jing Wu Feng Kong Yun Luan Xianjun Qu Rongmei Wang
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.5, pp.392-399, 2016 (Released:2016-11-15)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
8 14

Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a clinical obstacle to cancer chemotherapy since it causes cancer recurrence and metastasis. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), an active ingredient derived from the plant Boswellia serrata, has been found to inhibit the growth of a wide variety of tumor cells, including glioma, colorectal cancer, leukemia, human melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and prostate cancer cells. However, the actions of AKBA in multidrug-resistant cancer cells have not been fully elucidated. The current study examined the reversal of MDR by AKBA in a human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cell line with vincristine-induced resistance, HCT-8/VCR. A 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that cytotoxicity increased drastically and the IC50 of VCR in HCT-8/VCR cells decreased in the presence of AKBA. AKBA had a maximum "fold reversal" of MDR (FR) of 9.19-fold. In addition, HCT-8/VCR cells treated with AKBA and VCR exhibited a higher percentage of apoptotic tumor cells according to flow cytometry. The reversal of MDR by AKBA was evident in an intracellular increase in Rhodamine (Rh123), indicating that the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was blocked. Furthermore, AKBA inhibited the expression of P-gp and decreased levels of expression of multidrug resistance gene 1 in HCT-8/VCR cells. The current results indicated that AKBA might be a potential agent to reverse MDR in human ileocecal adenocarcinoma.
著者
Peipei Song Takashi Karako
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.1-2, 2020-02-29 (Released:2020-03-16)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
10 116

Rapidly sharing scientific information is an effective way to reduce public panic about COVID-19, and doing so is the key to providing real-time guidance to epidemiologists working to contain the outbreak, clinicians managing patients, and modelers helping to understand future developments and the possible effectiveness of various interventions. This issue has rapidly reviewed and published articles describing COVID-19, including the drug treatment options for SARS-CoV-2, its clinical characteristics, and therapies involving a combination of Chinese and Western medicine, the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate in the treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia according to clinical studies, and reflections on the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies. As an academic journal, we will continue to quickly and transparently share data with frontline healthcare workers who need to know the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19.
著者
Masahiro Okajima Miho Kanzaki Yoshio Ishibashi Yuko Wada Fumio Hino Yoshiyasu Kitahara Ken-ich Shimokawa Fumiyoshi Ishii
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, no.6, pp.306-310, 2011-12-31 (Released:2015-02-15)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
7

As typical periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) were exposed to electrolyzed ion-reduced water (ERI) and ERI containing 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) (ERI-1% CMC-Na), and the time course of their bactericidal action was evaluated. More than 99% of each bacteria species were killed after exposure to each solution for 15 sec. In addition, 1% CMC-Na, which was added to prolong bactericidal action, did not affect the bactericidal action of ERI. Its bactericidal action was concentration-dependent. No viable P. gingivalis bacteria were observed at a concentration of 15% of the undiluted solution and no viable A. actinomycetemcomitans bacteria were observed at a concentration of 50%, indicating differences in the bactericidal action of ERI for the two bacteria species. These results suggest that ERI may be extremely useful in preventing and treating periodontal diseases.
著者
Xiaoning Sun Kentaro Kawata Atsuko Miki Youichiro Wada Masami Nagahama Akiko Takaya Nobuyoshi Akimitsu
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020.03085, (Released:2020-04-30)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
4

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella), a pathogenic bacterium, is a major cause of foodborne diseases worldwide. Salmonella injects multiple virulence factors, called effectors, into cells and causes multiple rearrangements of cellular biological reactions that are important for Salmonella proliferation and virulence. Previously, we reported that Salmonella infection causes loss of MTR4 and RRP6, which are nuclear RNA degradation factors, resulting in the stabilization and accumulation of unstable nuclear RNAs. This accumulation is important for the cellular defense for Salmonella infection. In this study, we examined a series of Salmonella mutant strains, most of which are strains with genes related to effectors translocated by T3SSs encoded on Salmonella pathogenic islands, SPI-1 and SPI-2, that have been depleted. Among 42 Salmonella mutants, 6 mutants' infections canceled loss of MTR4 and RRP6. Proliferation assay of Salmonella in the cell revealed that six mutants showed poor proliferation in the host cell, demonstrating that poor proliferation contributed to cancellation of MTR4 and RRP6 loss. This result indicates that certain events associated with Salmonella proliferation in host cells cause loss of MTR4 and RRP6.
著者
Haowen Tang Peipei Song Zhiqiang Wang Bing Han Xiangfei Meng Yingwei Pan Xuan Meng Weidong Duan
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
Intractable & Rare Diseases Research (ISSN:21863644)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020.03005, (Released:2020-04-13)
参考文献数
58
被引用文献数
9

Extrahepatic portosystemic shunt belongs to a family of rare vascular abnormalities. The clinical importance and manifestations of this vascular abnormality range from asymptomatic cases to liver or metabolic dysfunctions of various degrees. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt, also termed as Abernethy malformation, is a very rare congenital vascular malformation in which splenomesenteric blood drains into a systemic vein, bypassing the liver through a complete or partial extrahepatic shunt. So far, limited cases of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt have been reported. In this review, incidence, mechanisms, complications, diagnoses and treatments of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt are described.
著者
Yin Kang Longjiao Deng Dengwen Zhang Yuehong Wang Gang Wang Li Mei Guobin Zhou Haihua Shu
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020.03066, (Released:2020-04-22)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
12

The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been characterized as a world pandemic by WHO since March 11, 2020. Although it is likely that COVID-19 transmission is primarily via droplets and close contact, airborne transmission and fecal-oral route remains a possibility. The medical staff working in the operating room, such as anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses, are at high risk of exposure to virus due to closely contacting patients. The perioperative management is under great challenge while performing surgeries for patients suffering COVID-19, including emergency cesarean section, which is one of the most common surgeries under such circumstances. How to prevent medical staff from cross-infection is an issue of great concern. In this article, we give a practice of anesthesia scenario design for emergency cesarean section in a supposed standard patient suffering COVID-19, aimed to optimize the work flow and implement the protective details through simulation of a real operation scenario, which may be useful for training and clinical practice of anesthesia management for patients suffering COVID-19 or other fulminating infectious diseases.
著者
Zhiming Zhao Mengyang Li Rong Liu
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020.03098, (Released:2020-04-27)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is now generating a global epidemic, leading to a severe public health emergency. Until April 12, 2020 around 1,700,954 confirmed cases and 105,633 deaths have been reported all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Under this circumstance, surgical activities should be carefully evaluated to avoid excessive occupation of limited medical resources, and to reduce the possibility of hospital infection. China has achieved an inspiring achievement on epidemic control. Here, we reviewed available studies on surgical activities during the outbreak, in combination with our current experience, with the aim of providing feasible suggestions on surgical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
著者
Chenjie Dong Yuan Tian Wenzhong Xu Jiangjiang He Duo Chen Jie Zhu Ping Lu
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020.03094, (Released:2020-05-09)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
2

The World Health Organization (WHO) has deemed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic. The strict prevention and control measures taken by China have proven to be effective, creating a window of opportunity for other countries. The tracking and management of contacts of patients with COVID-19 are important components of prevention and control measures. This article briefly describes the placement of close contacts of patients with COVID-19 under collective quarantine for medical observation in China from the perspective of frontline staff. This article focuses on a community in the Jiading District of Shanghai to provide a reference for placement of close contacts of patients with COVID-19 under collective quarantine for medical observation in other countries and regions.
著者
Xu Wang Wenhui Wu Peipei Song Jiangjiang He
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020.03093, (Released:2020-05-09)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
12

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic around the world. With the explosive growth of confirmed cases, emergency medical supplies are facing global shortage, which restricts the treatment of seriously ill patients and protection of medical staff. Taking China, the United States, Australia, and Canada as examples, this study compares and analyzes the reserve and supply systems of emergency medical supplies and problems exposed in response to the COVID-19 epidemic. Some common problems were found, such as insufficient types and quantities of emergency medical supplies in reserve, insufficient emergency production capacity, and imperfect command mechanism for emergency supplies deployment and transportation. A sound reserve system of emergency medical supplies is the basis and guarantee for dealing with public health emergencies such as major outbreaks. Based on the comparison of systems and practical experience, countries around the world should further improve the reserve and supply system of emergency medical supplies, and improve the coordination and cooperation mechanism for emergency supplies for international public health emergencies, so as to cope with increasingly severe public health emergencies in the context of globalization.
著者
Junkichi Kanda Megumi Furukawa Nobuo Izumo Taketoshi Shimakura Noriaki Yamamoto Hideaki E. Takahashi Hiroyuki Wakabayashi
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.2, pp.77-83, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-05-06)
参考文献数
39

Tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, affects bone metabolism and increases the risk of fracture due to marked bone loss. Bisphosphonates increase the bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporosis patients. Menatetrenone has less positive effects on BMD but reduces the risk of fracture by improving bone quality. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the combined administration of risedronate and menatetrenone against bone loss induced by tacrolimus. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: [1] control, [2] tacrolimus at 1.5 mg/kg, [3] tacrolimus + risedronate at 1.0 mg/kg, and [4] tacrolimus + risedronate + menatetrenone at 20 mg/kg. After the drugs were administered for 4 weeks, bone histomorphometric analysis was performed and bone strength was evaluated using a three point bending method. BMD was measured using quantitative computed tomography. Tacrolimus significantly reduced the BMD and strength properties of the lower limb bones. These tacrolimusinduced decreases were suppressed by risedronate treatment. The combined administration of risedronate and menatetrenone more significantly improved bone strength properties than risedronate alone. Bone histomorphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in bone resorption with tacrolimus. Risedronate alone significantly suppressed the tacrolimus-induced increase in bone resorption but simultaneously reduced bone formation. On the other hand, the combined administration of risedronate and menatetrenone suppressed the tacrolimus-induced increase in bone resorption, in addition to the significant risedronate-induced decrease in bone formation. This study suggests that the combined administration of risedronate and menatetrenone improves bone strength in tacrolimus-treated rats by preventing and ameliorating the risedronate-induced suppression of bone formation.
著者
Ziyi Li Xiaojie Wang Donglin Cao Ruilin Sun Cheng Li Guowei Li
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.2, pp.73-76, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-05-06)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
43

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread across China and worldwide. Remdesivir had been proposed as a promising option for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We provided a rapid review to critically assess the potential anti-coronavirus effect of remdesivir on COVID-19 and other coronaviruses based on the most up-to-date evidence. Even though remdesivir was proposed as a promising option for treating COVID-19 based on laboratory experiments and reports from compassionate use, its safety and effect in humans requires high-quality evidence from well-designed and adequately-powered clinical trials for further clarification.
著者
Kenichiro Sato Tatsuo Mano Atsushi Iwata Tatsushi Toda
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020.03082, (Released:2020-04-22)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
32

In late March and early April 2020, the antimalarial drug, chloroquine, has been approved as an emergency treatment for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States and in Europe. Although infrequent, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported in patients who received chloroquine for the treatment of malaria or autoimmune diseases. In this study, aiming to investigate these adverse events (AEs) using a large self-reporting database, we conducted a disproportionality analysis for the detection of neuropsychiatric AE signals associated with the use of chloroquine (or hydroxychloroquine), reported to FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database between the fourth quarter of 2012 and the fourth quarter of 2019. We included 2,389,474 AE cases, among which 520 cases developed neuropsychiatric AE following the use of chloroquine. Adjusted reporting odds ratio (ROR) for the development of each of the neuropsychiatric AEs following the use of chloroquine was calculated using a multilevel model: exposure to chloroquine was associated with a statistically significant high reporting of amnesia, delirium, hallucinations, depression, and loss of consciousness, (lower 95% confidence interval of the adjusted ROR > 1), although the degree of increase in their ROR was limited. There was no statistically significant high reporting of any other neuropsychiatric AE, including suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation. Current pharmacovigilance study results did not suggest any potential link between the use of chloroquine and an increased risk of suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation, which would be informative during the emergency use of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19.
著者
Gustavo H. Marin
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020.01017, (Released:2020-03-26)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
20

Based on some publications that associate SARS-CoV-2 infection with the use of anti-hypertensive drug groups such as angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (e.g. enalapril) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (e.g. losartan), many patients from South America, Central America or Spain, have stopped or intend to interrupt their treatments with these drugs. Hence, it may exist ominous consequences due to this drop out. For this reason, it is necessary to quickly warn about this situation and the risks associated with it.