著者

Miao Fang Chunhua Liu Yuan Liu Guo Tang Chunling Li Lei Guo

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01130, (Released:2023-08-11)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

2

---

Sarcopenia is an age-associated skeletal muscle disease characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and function. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the associations between sarcopenia and cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). A comprehensive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from their inception to April 1st, 2023. A total of eight cross-sectional studies involving 63,738,162 participants met the inclusion criteria. Pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random-effects models. The findings demonstrated a significant association between sarcopenia and an increased risk of CCVD (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.50, I2 = 1%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that sarcopenia was associated with a 1.67-fold increase in the risk of stroke and a 1.31-fold increase in the risk of CVD. Four studies included in this review examined the association between sarcopenic obesity and the risk of CCVD, and the results revealed that sarcopenic obesity was associated with a higher risk of CCVD (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.08 - 2.49, I2 = 69%; p < 0.001). Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses consistently supported the robustness of the overall findings. In conclusion, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are significantly associated with an elevated risk of developing CCVD. However, further prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate this relationship while controlling for confounding factors.

著者

Qaddra Fahada Ab. Rahman Nurul Farhana Jufri Asmah Hamid

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Intractable & Rare Diseases Research (ISSN:21863644)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.5-12, 2023-02-28 (Released:2023-03-04)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

3

---

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder due to lack of genes expression inherited from the paternal chromosome 15q11-q13 region usually from paternal deletions, maternal uniparental disomy 15 or imprinting defect. There are two different nutritional stages reported in an individual with PWS; first stage during infancy marked by feeding and growth difficulties and second stage where hyperphagia starts and leads to development of obesity. However, the exact mechanism of hyperphagia development, from having difficulties in feeding during early years to insatiable appetite after they grow is still unknown and is the focused in this review. The keywords used for literature search such as "Prader-Willi syndrome", "hyperphagia", "obesity", and "treatment" were used to create the search strings by using synonyms in order to retrieve the relevant records from PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. The possible mechanism of hyperphagia can be classed into hormonal abnormalities such as increase in ghrelin and leptin from infancy to adulthood. Low level of hormones was observed in the thyroid, insulin and peptide YY at certain ages. Neuronal abnormalities contributed by Orexin A and brain structure alteration was documented at 4-30 years old. Treatment in the form of drugs such as livoletide, topiramate, and diazoxide could potentially alleviate these abnormalities and make hyperphagia less prominent in PWS. The approaches are important to regulate the hormonal changes and neuronal involvement as potentially controlling hyperphagia and obesity.

著者

Junko Kurita Tamie Sugawara Yasushi Ohkusa

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.30-36, 2022-02-28 (Released:2022-03-09)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

5

---

As of the end of November, 2021, the rate of completion for second-dose COVID-19 vaccine administration was almost 80% in Japan. We evaluated waning COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Japan, controlling for mutated strains, the Olympic Games, and countermeasures. The effective reproduction number R(t) was regressed on current vaccine coverage and data of a certain number of days prior, as well as shares of mutated strains, and an Olympic Games dummy variable along with data of temperature, humidity, mobility, and countermeasures. The study period was February, 2020 through November 4, as of November 25, 2021. Estimation results indicate that vaccine coverage of more than 90 days prior raises R(t) significantly. Especially, vaccine coverage with 90 or 120 days prior cancelled vaccine effectiveness completely. Results indicate significant waning of vaccine effectiveness from 90 days after the second dose.

著者

Qing Qi Xiaolei Gu Yangyang Zhao Ziqin Chen Jing Zhou Song Chen Ling Wang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01263, (Released:2023-04-21)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

1

---

China's birth rates hit a record low in 2021. The high demand for having children has spawned a massive market for surrogacy, which, however, is a dilemma in China involving a series of moral and legal issues under the current circumstances. First, special populations, including infertile patients, families who have lost their sole child, and homosexuals, wanted to have children, giving rise to surrogacy. Then, the development of and innovation in assisted reproductive technology allowed surrogacy to mature. A high return offsets a high risk, and consequently, an underground surrogacy market has emerged, causing various social issues for the Chinese Government, such as civil disputes, gender disproportion, crime, and the spread of disease. At the same time, surrogacy violates moral ethics, traditional Chinese culture, and the rights and interests of vulnerable groups.

著者

Hui Liu Yixin Shi Jia Zhan Yingchun Liu Jing Zhou Biao Su Yue Chen Ling Wang Lin Chen

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.26-36, 2023-02-28 (Released:2023-03-11)

参考文献数

50

---

Cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is directly associated with clinical management and prognosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the value of conventional ultrasound (US) combined with ENST00000438158 in predicting CLNM of PTC. Fourty-nine PTC patients underwent US examination and US-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA). ENST00000438158 expression in FNA cytological specimens and PTC cell lines was detected using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The role of ENST00000438158 expression in the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle of PTC cells was investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and clone formation experiments, transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Calcification, capsule contact, and low ENST00000438158 expression were independently associated with PTC with CLNM (all p < 0.05). The combination of multiple US features was more valuable than a single US feature in predicting CLNM in PTC. Adding ENST0000438158 to US greatly improved the value of differentiation of PTC with or without CLNM. In conclusion, ENST00000438158 is a potential molecular marker for predicting CLNM in PTC. ENST00000438158 combined with US features is highly valuable for predicting CLNM in PTC.

著者

Jing Cao Yirong Shi Min Wen Yuanyuan Peng Qiqi Miao Xiaoning Liu Mingbin Zheng Tetsuya Asakawa Hongzhou Lu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.6, pp.447-450, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-26)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4

---

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a high-level disinfectant that is safe and widely used for sterilization. Due to the limitations on preparing a stable solution, direct use of ClO2 in the human body is limited. Nasal irrigation is an alternative therapy used to treat respiratory infectious diseases. This study briefly summarizes the available evidence regarding the safety/efficacy of directly using ClO2 on the human body as well as the approach of nasal irrigation to treat COVID-19. Based on the available information, as well as a preliminary experiment that comprehensively evaluated the efficacy and safety of ClO2, 25-50 ppm was deemed to be an appropriate concentration of ClO2 for nasal irrigation to treat COVID-19. This finding requires further verification. Nasal irrigation with ClO2 can be considered as a potential alternative therapy to treat respiratory infectious diseases, and COVID-19 in particular.

著者

Yuzhao Liu Xiangli Zhao Jinlong Jian Sadaf Hasan Chuanju Liu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01022, (Released:2023-03-09)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

---

Gaucher disease (GD), one of the most common lysosomal storage diseases, is caused by GBA1 mutations resulting in defective glucocerebrosidase (GCase) and consequent accumulation of its substrates β-glucosylceramide (β-GlcCer). We reported progranulin (PGRN), a secretary growth factor-like molecule and an intracellular lysosomal protein was a crucial co-factor of GCase. PGRN binds to GCase and recruits Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) to GCase through its C-terminal Granulin (Grn) E domain, termed as ND7. In addition, both PGRN and ND7 are therapeutic against GD. Herein we found that both PGRN and its derived ND7 still displayed significant protective effects against GD in Hsp70 deficient cells. To delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying PGRN's Hsp70-independent regulation of GD, we performed a biochemical co-purification and mass spectrometry with His-tagged PGRN and His-tagged ND7 in Hsp70 deficient cells, which led to the identification of ERp57, also referred to as protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), as a protein that binds to both PGRN and ND7. Within type 2 neuropathic GD patient fibroblasts L444P, bearing GBA1 L444P mutation, deletion of ERp57 largely abolished the therapeutic effects of PGRN and ND7, as manifested by loss of effects on lysosomal storage, GCase activity, and β-GlcCer accumulation. Additionally, recombinant ERp57 effectively restored the therapeutic effects of PGRN and ND7 in ERp57 knockout L444P fibroblasts. Collectively, this study reports ERp57 as a previously unrecognized binding partner of PGRN that contributes to PGRN regulation of GD.

著者

Marat Airapetov Sergei Eresko Andrei Lebedev Evgenii Bychkov Petr Shabanov

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.74-82, 2021-04-30 (Released:2021-05-11)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

16

---

Alcoholism is a global socially significant problem and still remains one of the leading causes of disability and premature death. One of the main signs of the disease is the loss of cognitive control over the amount of alcohol consumed. Among the mechanisms of the development of this pathology, changes in neuroimmune mechanisms occurring in the brain during prolonged alcohol consumption and its withdrawal have recently become the focus of numerous studies. Ethanol consumption leads to the activation of neuroimmune signaling in the central nervous system through many subtypes of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as well as release of their endogenous agonists (high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), S100 protein, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and extracellular matrix degradation proteins). TLR activation triggers intracellular molecular cascades of reactions leading to increased expression of genes of the innate immune system, particularly, proinflammatory cytokines, causing further development of a persistent neuroinflammatory process in the central nervous system. This leads to death of neurons and neuroglial cells in various brain structures, primarily in those associated with the development of a pathological craving for alcohol. In addition, there is evidence that some subtypes of TLRs (TLR3, TLR4) are able to form heterodimers with neuropeptide receptors, thereby possibly playing other roles in the central nervous system, in addition to participating in the activation of the innate immune system.

著者

Hiroko Maruki-Uchida Masahiko Sai Kazuhisa Sekimizu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2017.01051, (Released:2017-10-30)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 2

---

We evaluated the innate immune-stimulating activity of amazake using a silkworm muscle contraction assay. Sake cake, a raw material used to make amazake, had high innate immunity-stimulating activity, whereas rice malt, another raw material used to make amazake, did not, even after fermentation. These results suggest that the silkworm muscle contraction assay is a useful tool to screen foods with high innate immune-stimulating activity and that amazake made from sake cake has immunomodulatory potential.

著者

Mohamad Moussa Mohamad Abou Chakra Athanasios G. Papatsoris Baraa Dabboucy Michael Hsieh Athanasios Dellis Youssef Fares

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Intractable & Rare Diseases Research (ISSN:21863644)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.62-74, 2021-05-31 (Released:2021-06-03)

参考文献数

99

被引用文献数

1

---

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Lower urinary tract dysfunction due to MS includes a dysfunction of the storage phase or dysfunction of the voiding phase or a detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Baseline evaluation includes a voiding chart, an ultrasound scan of the urinary tract, urine culture, and an urodynamic study. For storage symptoms, antimuscarinics are the first-line treatment, and clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is indicated if there is concomitant incomplete bladder emptying. Intradetrusor injections with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A), are recommended for refractory cases. Urinary diversion is rarely indicated. For patients with voiding symptoms, CIC and alpha-blockers are usually offered. Sexual dysfunction in patients with MS is multifactorial. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are first-line therapies for MS-associated erectile dysfunction in both male and female patients. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, genetic, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and management of MS. Lastly, the urologic outcomes and therapies are reviewed.

著者

Jiawei Xu Xingyu Liu Shuqin Wu Deju Zhang Xiao Liu Panpan Xia Jitao Ling Kai Zheng Minxuan Xu Yunfeng Shen Jing Zhang Peng Yu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01473, (Released:2023-01-22)

参考文献数

149

---

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally and seriously increases the public health burden, affecting approximately one quarter of the world population. Recently, RNA binding proteins (RBPs)-related pathogenesis of MAFLD has received increasing attention. RBPs, vividly called the gate keepers of MAFLD, play an important role in the development of MAFLD through transcription regulation, alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, stability and subcellular localization. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of different RBPs in the occurrence and development of MAFLD, as well as list some drugs that can improve MAFLD by targeting RBPs. Considering the important role of RBPs in the development of MAFLD, elucidating the RNA regulatory networks involved in RBPs will facilitate the design of new drugs and biomarkers discovery.

著者

Mingyu Luo Fuzhe Gong Jimin Sun Zhenyu Gong

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01005, (Released:2023-01-16)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3

---

The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the world for three years. Most countries have adjusted policies and strategies in response to the burden of COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 seems to be diminishing as the case fatality rate has declined and the number of vaccinated people has increased markedly. Given the large population worldwide, we need to pay attention to the continuing COVID-19 burden. Globally, the number of cases remains at a certain level, and the number of cases is still increasing in China. We also need to deal with shortages of medical resources, antipyretics, and home nursing facilities. SARS-CoV-2 will coexist with humans for a long time, and predicting viral mutations and pandemic trends will be difficult. The reform of the whole public health system is imperative. A comprehensive surveillance system should be created to determine the proportion of various pathogens and to guard against mixed infections of respiratory infectious diseases. A comprehensive response mechanism, including preventive measures and medical treatments, should be created as soon as possible to monitor the status of the epidemic and to deal with the long-term health burden of SARS-CoV-2.

著者

Peng Xu Jing Chen Chengchen Qian Wenqiang Yu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01530, (Released:2023-01-17)

参考文献数

8

---

A self‑collected gargle sample, which avoids discomfort and largely reduces the dependency on medical resources, is emerging for detection of SARS‑CoV‑2. However, the incomplete usage of starting materials for both routine oropharyngeal swabs (OPS)/nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and saline gargle (SG) samples implies sensitivity can be further improved. Presented here is a bead‑based strategy for pre‑enrichment of SG samples, and results revealed that it acquired about 20 times the starting materials obtained from OPS samples for downstream detection of SARS‑CoV‑2. The sensitivity and specificity of this pre‑enrichment strategy were validated in 100 paired pre‑enriched saline gargle (PenSG) and OPS samples and 89 PenSG samples from healthy volunteers. In addition to detection of SARS‑CoV‑2, this pre‑enrichment strategy may also be implemented in more clinical settings to optimize detection of other diseases.

著者

Bo Zhang Fanghua Qi

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01534, (Released:2023-01-02)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

---

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an unprecedented disaster for people around the world. A point particularly worth noting is that herbal medicines have made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in China. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the critical functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. It can bind to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S protein), which is responsible for the entry of the coronavirus into host cells. Therefore, ACE2 can be regarded as an important intervention target for COVID-19. Recently, many herbal medicines have exhibited a high affinity for ACE2 in treating COVID-19. The current work summarized these herbal medicines including formulas (such as Lianhua Qingwen capsules, Xuebijing injection, Qingfei Paidu Decoction, Huashi Baidu formula, Shufeng Jiedu capsules, and Maxing Shigan decoction), single herbs including Ephedra sinica Stapf (Mahuang), Scutellariae radix (Huangqin), Lonicera japonica (Jinyinhua), and Houttuynia cordata (Yuxingcao), and active ingredients (such as ursodeoxycholic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizin, salvianolic acid, quercetin, and andrographidine C), which have exhibited a high affinity for ACE2 in treating COVID-19. We hope this work may provide meaningful and useful information on further research to investigate the mechanisms of herbal medicines against SARS-CoV-2 and follow-up drug discovery.

著者

Hiroki Iwata Keisuke Nakamura Noriko Kobayashi Kazuko Fujimoto Naoko Hayashi Katsunori Yamaura

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01091, (Released:2022-12-19)

参考文献数

11

---

Community pharmacies are required to play a role in maintaining the health of local residents. Since September 2015, a national policy in Japan has allowed saliva tests to be used for oral health check-ups at community pharmacies. In the present study, we aimed to reveal dentists' perceptions and expectations for oral health check-ups provided at community pharmacies. A questionnaire survey was administered to dentists at 1,000 randomly selected dental clinics in Tokyo, Japan; 257 responses (25.7%) were included in the analysis and 85.2% of respondents approved of oral health check-ups at community pharmacies. Most respondents who approved of oral health check-ups expected that community pharmacists would recommend that local residents visit a dental clinic (85.8%) and provide a report to dentists (60.3%) after the check-up. Furthermore, 79.0% of respondents desired collaboration with community pharmacies. These findings suggested the potential for oral health check-ups to facilitate collaboration between community pharmacies and dental clinics aimed at maintaining and improving oral health of local residents.

著者

Hua Cao Hong Huang Huifang Tang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.58-60, 2021-02-28 (Released:2021-03-15)

参考文献数

10

---

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) was recently reported to confer reprogramming capability to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by reactivating naïve pluripotency genes via Zbtb7a and Zbtb7b. A visual reporting system was developed to first identify BMP4 as a driver for the primed-to-naïve transition (PNT). In addition, two specific inhibitors were identified as significantly improving the efficiency of PNT (~80% transition) within 8 days. The Zbtb7 family members were first introduced in the context of PNT and stem cell fate decision-making. These findings provide valuable information on acquiring naïve pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine.

著者

Bin Wang Wei Li Qiang Wang Wei Zhang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01320, (Released:2022-11-19)

参考文献数

52

---

Kidney transplantation remains the best treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease, and it could partially mitigate systemic disorders of mineral and bone metabolism caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, persistent hyperparathyroidism is still observed in 30-60% of patients 1 year after kidney transplantation, leading to impairment of allograft function and a disturbance of mineral metabolism. The timing of parathyroidectomy varies among transplant centers because the possible negative effects of parathyroidectomy on allograft outcomes are still unclear. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the natural course of hyperparathyroidism following kidney transplantation and the effects of the timing and extent of parathyroidectomy on allograft function. It aims to provide useful information for surgeons to propose an appropriate intervention strategy to break the vicious cycle of post-kidney transplantation hyperparathyroidism and deterioration of allograft function.

著者

Fabiana Mallone Luca Lucchino Federica Franzone Marco Marenco Sandra Cinzia Carlesimo Antonietta Moramarco

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.122-128, 2020-06-30 (Released:2020-07-15)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

3 6

---

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of high-doses vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and persistent visual loss after acute optic neuritis (AON). Sixteen patients (20 eyes) diagnosed with RRMS and visual permanent disability following AON were enrolled for the present open, pilot study. Each patient was treated with oral high-doses 300 mg of vitamin B1, 450 mg of vitamin B6 and 1,500 mcg of vitamin B12, as add-on treatment to concomitant disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for consecutive 90 days. Outcome measures were to determine changes from baseline to month three in visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) testing, with correlations with clinical parameters. Logistical regression was performed to evaluate predictors of final VA. A statistically significant improvement was registered in visual acuity (p = 0.002) and foveal sensitivity threshold (FT) (p = 0.006) at follow-up compared to baseline. A similar trend was demonstrated for mean deviation (MD) (p < 0.0001), and pattern standard deviation (PSD) (p < 0.0001). Age at the time of inclusion was positively correlated with latency time (rho = 0.47, p = 0.03), while showing a negative correlation with visual acuity (rho = – 0.45, p = 0.04) and foveal sensitivity threshold (rho = – 0.6, p = 0.005) at follow up. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between foveal sensitivity threshold and visual acuity at baseline (rho = 0.79, p < 0.0001). In a linear regression model, the main predictor of visual acuity at follow up was the foveal sensitivity threshold (B = 1.39; p < 0.0001). Supplemental high-dose vitamins B1, B6 and B12 resulted as effective therapy to improve visual function parameters in MS-related visual persistent disability.

著者

Yoko Iio Yukihiro Mori Masato Tsurudome Morihiro Ito

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01057, (Released:2022-10-07)

参考文献数

15

---

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is found primarily in the respiratory tract secretions of infected individuals with one of the main routes of transmission being direct or indirect contact. In this study, using fluorescent paint, we evaluated the spread of contaminants while playing catch with a baseball. Fluorescent paint was applied to the right hand of a right-handed baseball player who then engaged in playing catch with 10 other right-handed players (partners) for 5 min each. The fluorescent paint was detected on the right hands (inside) and gloves (inside) of all the 10 partners as well as on the ball; in some partners it was also detected on the back of the right hands or the back of the gloves. However, except for their right hands, fluorescent paint was not detected on the surface of the bodies of the partners. These observations indicated that the fluorescent paint (mimicking virus-containing contaminants) on the hand spreads very efficiently from person to person during the throwing and catching of a baseball, suggesting that a thorough and frequent disinfection of the hands and equipment is important in the prevention of infections that may occur while playing baseball.

著者

Rui Liao Peipei Song Yuxin Duan Wentao Ye Kunli Yin Meiqing Kang Yanxi Yu Jian Yang Wei Tang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01373, (Released:2022-09-11)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

---

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a health challenge with increasing incidence worldwide. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a potentially curative option for patients with early-stage HCC. However, the high rate of tumor recurrence limits long-term survival when the tumors are larger than 2 cm and undergoing insufficient RFA (iRFA). Notably, in situ tumor necrosis due to thermal ablation is assumed to be a source of antigens that induce antitumor immunity. Therefore, mounting studies and trials have attempted to provide a rational and effective therapeutic strategy combining RFA and immunotherapy to treat HCC. Nowadays, many controversies and challenges with this combined therapeutic strategy remain to be resolved, such as the indications for adjuvant immunotherapy along with RFA in early HCC, the sequence of the two treatments in advanced HCC, and the optimal timing of immunotherapy before or after RFA. In addition, individualized treatment strategies need to be perfected for patients with HCC.