著者

Tetsuya Asakawa Qingxian Cai Jiayin Shen Ying Zhang Yongshuang Li Peifen Chen Wen Luo Jiangguo Zhang Jinfeng Zhou Hui Zeng Ruihui Weng Feng Hu Huiquan Feng Jun Chen Jie Huang Xiaoyin Zhang Yu Zhao Liekui Fang Rongqing Yang Jia Huang Fuxiang Wang Yingxia Liu Hongzhou Lu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01039, (Released:2023-03-14)

参考文献数

278

被引用文献数

4

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Over three years have passed since the COVID-19 pandemic started. The dangerousness and impact of COVID-19 should definitely not be ignored or underestimated. Other than the symptoms of acute infection, the long-term symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, which are referred to here as "sequelae of long COVID (LC)", are also a conspicuous global public health concern. Although such sequelae were well-documented, the understanding of and insights regarding LC-related sequelae remain inadequate due to the limitations of previous studies (the follow-up, methodological flaws, heterogeneity among studies, etc.). Notably, robust evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of certain LC sequelae remain insufficient and has been a stumbling block to better management of these patients. This awkward situation motivated us to conduct this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the updated information, particularly focusing on clinical issues. We attempt to provide the latest information regarding LC-related sequelae by systematically reviewing the involvement of main organ systems. We also propose paths for future exploration based on available knowledge and the authors' clinical experience. We believe that these take-home messages will be helpful to gain insights into LC and ultimately benefit clinical practice in treating LC-related sequelae.

著者

Liqin Sun Jiaye Liu Fang Zhao Jun Chen Hongzhou Lu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01009, (Released:2023-01-22)

参考文献数

9

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The tendency of the Omicron variant to rapidly became the dominant SARS-CoV-2 strain and its weaker virulence than other strains worldwide has prompted many countries to adjust their public health strategies. This work summarizes all appropriate clinical interventions to reduce the public health burden caused by COVID-19 according to guidelines from the World Health Organization and 10 countries, i.e., the United States of America (USA), India, France, Germany, Brazil, South Korea, Japan, Italy, the United Kingdom (UK), and China. Five stages of COVID-19 were identified: asymptomatic infection and mild, moderate, severe, and critical illness. Most guidelines recommend antivirals starting with mild cases for those from Germany and India. Since more drugs are being developed and are becoming available to COVID-19 patients, guidelines are increasingly being updated with new pharmacological intervention strategies. Thus, a global view needs to be adopted to provide helpful options and precise treatment strategies during the lasting fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.

著者

Yu-Hang Cao Ting-Ting Chen Xiong Peng Rong-Rong Wu Xiang Li Gao-Feng Liu Li-Xia Shen Xiao-Jun Chen Zi Yang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun Yong Wu

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023023, 2023 (Released:2023-09-09)

参考文献数

42

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The plant species Gelsemium elegans Benth. (GEB) promotes pig and sheep growth; however, little is known about its effects in chickens. In this study, a GEB extract (GEBE) was prepared, and its effects on the growth, slaughter, antioxidant performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, and microflora of yellow-feathered chickens were evaluated. In total, 600 chickens aged 15 days were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates each and fed a basal diet containing 0% (control), 0.25% (0.25 GEBE), 0.75% (0.75 GEBE), or 1.25% (1.25 GEBE) GEBE until 49 days of age. Chickens were then killed, and their meat, organs, and serum and cecal contents were collected. GEBE reduced the feed conversion ratio, particularly in the 0.75 and 1.25 GEBE groups. Furthermore, the GEBE diet improved meat tenderness and reduced the meat expressible moisture content and liver malondialdehyde content, indicating high meat quality. Whereas the 0.25 GEBE diet increased the level of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the cecum, the 0.75 GEBE diet decreased the Escherichia coli level therein. These findings demonstrate that GEBE may improve the meat quality and cecal microbiota of yellow-feathered chickens, providing a basis for identifying candidate alternatives to conventional antibiotics as growth promoting feed additives.

著者

Gui-Ying Liu Wei-Jun Chen Min Zhao

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Electronics Express (ISSN:13492543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.20220473, 2023-01-10 (Released:2023-01-10)

参考文献数

30

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Based on an auxiliary differential equation (ADE) and new weighted Laguerre polynomials (WLPs), an efficient 3-D finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) with factorized-splitting (FS) scheme is proposed to calculate wave propagation in general dispersive materials. The ADE technique is introduced to model general dispersive materials. Using a new temporal basis, the new WLPs can improve computational efficiency and save computing resources. The FS scheme is used to efficiently solve the huge sparse matrix equation. A numerical example is given to verify the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed method. The results show its superiority compared with existing methods.

著者

Yuan Guan Han Zhu Tangkai Qi Renfang Zhang Jun Chen Li Liu Yinzhong Shen Hongzhou Lu Qi Tang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01437, (Released:2021-11-04)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

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In the context of an aging global population, the aging of patients with HIV is an issue that society will have to face. Data indicate that between 2011 and 2019, the proportion of patients age 60 and over who were newly diagnosed with HIV in China increased from 12% to 25%. In contrast to younger groups, the special characteristics of older patients pose major challenges to the management of their disease. The current study examined the clinical outcomes and psychological status of patients age 50 and over who were diagnosed with HIV. Out of a total of 566 older patients from eastern China, viral suppression was achieved in 446 (78.8%), treatment was immunologically effective in 410 (72.4%), and treatment was effective in 324 (57.2%). Thirty-nine patients (6.9%) had significant anxiety and 143 (25.3%) exhibited depressive tendencies. Level of education and the time from diagnosis to treatment were associated with the effectiveness of treatment. Age, sleep quality, chronic illness, exercise, and travel time to medical appointments were associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that the burden of HIV among the older population remains high in more economically developed areas. The urgent need for HIV education and screening programs, as well as follow-up visits and early initiation of treatment in older patients, is called for.

著者

Bo Tian Jianjun Sun Jinsong Bai Renfang Zhang Jun Liu Yinzhong Shen Chongxi Li Li Liu Jun Chen Tangkai Qi Hongzhou Lu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01279, (Released:2021-09-29)

参考文献数

31

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Both cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease are common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Whether concurrent CMV viremia is associated with mortality in patients with AIDS and disseminated NTM disease is unknown. Subjects were patients with AIDS and disseminated NTM disease seen at a single center from January 2015 to April 2021. Data were retrospectively collected. Differences in demographics and clinical characteristics and hospitalization survival rates were compared between patients with disseminated NTM and with CMV viremia or not. Subjects were 113 AIDS patients with disseminated NTM who were seen at this Hospital from January 2015 to April 2021. Twenty-six of the patients had CMV viremia and 87 did not. The median age was 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29-42) and 108 patients were male (96%). The median CD4 count was 7 cells/µL (IQR 3-17). The median plasma CMV viral load was 9,245 IU/mL (IQR 3147-45725). The serum albumin of patients with CMV viremia was significantly lower than that of patients without CMV viremia (P = 0.03). Compared to patients without CMV viremia (81.6%), patients with CMV viremia had a significantly poorer prognosis (P = 0.01). Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk of a poor prognosis in patients with CMV viremia was 4.7 times higher than that in patients without CMV viremia (P = 0.003), and patients with CD8 more than 250/μL had a better prognosis (P = 0.02). CMV viremia increases the risk of a poor prognosis in patients with AIDS and a disseminated NTM infection. A routine CMV DNA test should be performed on patients with AIDS and disseminated NTM disease in order to reduce the risk of death.

著者

Yueming Shao Jun Chen Hongzhou Lu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01346, (Released:2021-08-25)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

5

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Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) continues to rage as a global pandemic. A number of potential therapeutic agents have been explored over the past year or two. However, numerous drugs that were expected to prove highly effective, such as lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir, have been found to have little benefit in large clinical trials. Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists, glucocorticoids, Janus kinase inhibitors, and some antivirals have been found to provide significant benefits in terms of reducing viral load, reducing the time of nucleic acid conversion, or improving survival. For example, bamlanivimab and etesevimab, which are newly designed monoclonal antibodies against the surface spike protein S1 subunit receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, have a significant effect on reducing the viral load and the hospitalization rate of patients with mild COVID-19. Several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been widely administered worldwide and have provided good protection. Nevertheless, the increasingly hardy variants of the virus have raised the requirements for vaccine design. Perhaps RBD-based vaccines are a viable way to defend against variants, but this still needs to be verified in a large sample. Therefore, this paper provides an update on the treatment options for COVID-19 based on three previously proposed dimensions of drug screening: standard assays of existing broad-spectrum antivirals, screening of chemical libraries, and redevelopment of new, specific drugs.

著者

Jun Chen Hongzhou Lu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01092, (Released:2021-03-19)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

31

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Despite strict control measures implemented worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage. Several drugs, including lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, and remdesivir, have been evaluated for the treatment of COVID-19 during the past year. While most of the drugs failed to display efficacy in treating COVID-19, scientists have encouraged herd immunity to control the pandemic. Immunity generated after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 is precarious, as indicated by real-world evidence in the form of epidemiological data from Manaus, Brazil. Vaccines using different platforms are therefore the most promising approach to help us return to normality. Although several vaccines have been authorized for emergency use, there are still many concerns regarding their accessibility, the vaccination rate, and most importantly, their efficacy in preventing infection with emerging virus variants. Continued virus surveillance and rapid redesign of new vaccines to counter new variants are crucial to fighting COVID-19. Rapid production and extensive vaccination are also essential to preventing the emergence of new variants. Nevertheless, antivirals including monoclonal antibodies and oral medicines need to be developed in light of uncertainties with regard to vaccination. In the battle between humans and SARS-CoV-2, the speed with which we fight the virus, and especially its emerging variants, is the key to winning.

著者

Keisuke Nonaka Ryosuke Watanabe Jun Chen Sei Naito

雑誌

研究報告オーディオビジュアル複合情報処理(AVM) (ISSN:21888582)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2019-AVM-104, no.6, pp.1-6, 2019-02-21

著者

Jun Chen Mieko Sadakata Mayumi Ishida Naoto Sekizuka Mitsuko Sayama

出版者

東北ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.223, no.2, pp.97-102, 2011 (Released:2011-01-20)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

12 41

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Neonatal jaundice is a common physiological problem affecting over half of all full term and most preterm infants. Thus, newborn infants must be monitored for signs of hyperbilirubinemia to prevent acute bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus. Evidence exists supporting the benefits of baby massage as a form of mild hand to skin contact, to increase neonatal physical and mental development. In the present study, the effects of gentle baby massage on neonatal jaundice in full term newborn infants were evaluated by a controlled clinical trial. The inclusion criteria of newborn neonates were as follows: (1) gestational age of 37 ~ 41 weeks, (2) birth weight of 2,800 ~ 3,600 g, (3) Apgar score at birth of 8 ~ 10, and (4) being a healthy neonate without neonatal asphyxia and hemolytic condition. Breastfed newborns without phototherapy were included: 20 in the massage group and 22 in the control group. We found the mean stool frequency of the massaged infants on day 1 and day 2 (4.6 and 4.3) was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.3 and 2.6) (p < 0.05). The transcutaneous bilirubin levels on the second to fifth day and serum total bilirubin levels on fourth day were significantly decreased in the massage group, compared to the control group. In conclusion, baby massage at an early stage after birth could reduce neonatal bilirubin levels. We suggest baby massage is beneficial for ameliorating neonatal jaundice.