著者

JIANMING ZOU QUANFU SUN SUMINORI AKIBA YONGLING YUAN YONGRU ZHA ZUFAN TAO LUXIN WEI TSUTOMU SUGAHARA

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.SUPPL, pp.S53-S62, 2000 (Released:2001-10-19)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

41

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The main purposes of this study were to identify the major determinants of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the high-background radiation areas (HBRA) in Yangjiang, China and to evaluate their potential confounding effects on the NPC risk associated with exposure to high background radiation. A matched case-control study was conducted using those who died of NPC during the period 1987-1995. Two controls were randomly selected for each case from those who died from causes other than malignancies and external causes. Cases and their controls were matched with respect to sex and the years of birth and death (±5 years). Study subjects' next-of-kin were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire to collect information on socioeconomic status, dietary habits, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, disease history, pesticide use, medical X-ray exposure, the family history of NPC and so on. We succeeded in interviewing 97 cases and 192 controls. Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that NPC risk was associated with the consumption of salted fish, homemade pickles, and fermented soy beans, education levels, the history of chronic rhinitis, and the family history of NPC. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that education levels (Odds ratio (OR) for middle school or higher levels vs. no school education=3.8, 95% CI=1.2 to 11.8), salted fish intake (OR=3.2, 95% CI=1.7 to 6.1), the history of chronic rhinitis (OR=3.6, 95% CI=1.3 to 10.1), and the family history of NPC (OR=14.2, 95% CI=2.7 to 73.4) were independent risk factors of NPC. Tobacco smoking (OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.7 to 2.1), and alcohol consumption (OR=0.9, 95% CI=0.5 to 1.9) were not significantly related to NPC risk. The ORs of NPC risk comparing HBRA and a nearby control area before and after adjustment for the major risk determinants identified in the present study were 0.86 (95% CI=0.50 to 1.50) and 0.87 (95% CI=0.45 to 1.67), respectively. Salted fish intake was a strong risk factor of NPC. Education, the history of chronic rhinitis and the family history of NPC were also related to NPC risk. The exposure to high background radiation in HBRA of Yangjiang was not related to NPC risk with or without the adjustment for those major risk determinants of NPC.

著者

Nori NAKAMURA

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.SupplementB, pp.B67-B73, 2006 (Released:2006-10-04)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

37

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Genetic studies in the offspring of atomic bomb survivors have been conducted since 1948 at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and its successor, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Past studies include analysis of birth defects (untoward pregnancy outcome; namely, malformation, stillbirth, and perinatal death), chromosome aberrations, alterations of plasma and erythrocyte proteins as well as epidemiologic study on mortality (any cause) and cancer incidence (the latter study is still ongoing). There is, thus far, no indication of genetic effects in the offspring of survivors. Recently, the development of molecular biological techniques and human genome sequence databases made it possible to analyze DNA from parents and their offspring (trio-analysis). In addition, a clinical program is underway to establish the frequency of adult-onset multi-factorial diseases (diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease etc) in the offspring. The complementary kinds of data that will emerge from this three-pronged approach (clinical, epidemiologic, and molecular aspects) promise to shed light on health effects in the offspring of radiation-exposed people.

著者

熊谷 エツ子 田中 龍二 熊谷 崇 東田 善治 尾道 三一 中村 郁夫 田上 省三 甲木 孝人 澤田 昭三

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.203-210, 1988-09-15 (Released:2006-06-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3 1 4

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To clarify the long-term effects of occupational exposure to low doses of radiation, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific antibody titers in sera from 104 radiological technologists (R.T.) and 118 controls in Kumamoto prefecture were measured by the immunofluorescence method. Antibody titers to viral capsid antigen (VCA)-IgG increased with the years of experience as R.T., and the prevalence of abnormal antibody titers to both VCA-IgG and early antigen (EA)-IgG were significantly higher in R.T. with over 15 years of experience or 30 rads of cumulative radiation dose than in the controls. However, there was no correlation between exposure and the frequency of abnormal EBV-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibody titers. The EBV-specific antibody titers of 24 Hiroshima atomic-bomb survivors were also measured. They were similar to those of the R.T. with over 30 years of experience. The EBV-specific antibody titers of R.T. suggest that there may be an impairment of immunologic competence after continuous long-term exposure to low doses of radiation. Also, the correlation of EBV-specific antibody titers and frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in 53 R.T. was studied. Some correlations were found between the antibody titers to both of the VCA-IgG and EBNA and the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations.

著者

MITOSHI AKIYAMA YOICHIRO KUSUNOKI SEISHI KYOIZUMI

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.SUPPLEMENT, pp.301-309, 1991 (Released:2006-05-31)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

3 3

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Among the peripheral blood lymphocytes, T-cells and B-cells significantly decreased in number with age. Radiation exposure resulted in further significant decrease of T-cell count (but not B cells) in the elderly. T-cell response to PHA and allo-antigens also decreased with dose in the elderly group. In contrast, NK cell number and function increased with age while a significant dose effect was not observed.

著者

常岡 和子 HIROSHI ISHIHARA ALEXANDER BORRISOV DIMCHEV KOJI NOMOTO TERUO YOKOKURA MIKIO SHIKITA

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.147-156, 1994-09-15 (Released:2006-05-19)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

9 14

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A single subcutaneous injection of a preparation of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei (LC 9018), given before or after irradiation, significantly increased the survival rate of mice that had received 8.5-Gy 137Cs whole-body γ-irradiation. A similar radioprotective effect was observed when LC 9018 was administered within the period from 2 days before irradiation to 9 h after irradiation, the pre-irradiation treatment being slightly better than the post-irradiation treatment. Increases in the weight of the spleen and in the number of endogenous spleen colonies on days 8 and 12 after irradiation suggested that the radioprotective effect was based on enhanced recovery of hematopoietic tissues. The activity of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in serum was rapidly increased by the treatment and was maintained at the elevated level for 13 days. At the same time, an increased level of M-CSF mRNA was detected in the livers of the treated mice. However, LC 9018 failed to save the lives of mice when administered 3 days after irradiation, although it increased serum M-CSF as effectively as noted above. The small advantage of the pre-irradiation over the post-irradiation treatment was not explained by the increases of metallothionein in the hematopoietic tissues of the treated mice.

著者

定家 義人 井上 正 望月 肇 賀田 恒夫

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.387-394, 1981

被引用文献数

2

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When spores of Bccillus subtilis were treated in a frozen state with tritiated glycerol of different concentrations (up to 160 &mu;Ci/ml), efficiencies of killing and mutation induction per absorption dose were higher in solutions of lower tritium concentrations where low dose-rate &beta;-irradiations were performed. Similarly when transforming DNA of Bacillus subtilis was kept with tritiated glycerol solution of concentrations ranging 0.05-500 &mu;Ci/ml at 4&deg;C, efficiency of inactivation of the arginine marker increased strikingly by lowering the tritium concentration. On the other hand, the RBE of DNA-strand scissions of colicin El plasmids exposed to tritiated glycerol of a relatively high concentration (680 &mu;Ci/ml) was found to be approximately 1, when compared at the same absorption dose of gamma-irradiation (36 kR/hr) from a <SUP>137</SUP>Cs source.

著者

山県 登 岩島 清 永井 輝夫 渡利 一夫 飯沼 武

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.29-46, 1966 (Released:2006-08-29)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

9 13

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Two single doses of coupled radioisotopes of 132Cs-86Rb and 132Cs-42K were orally administered to a human subject. Body retention, urinary and fecal excretions as well as the plasma and erythrocytes contents of radioisotopes were determined. The proportion of urinary to fecal excretion was found different in cesium and rubidium, the urinary excretion being 85.3% of the total in the former and only 68.1% in the latter. Loss of cesium in the sweat amounted to 1.5 and 3.5% of the total excretion for the first two days. Uptake by the plasma of oral dose was rapid and the whole blood content reached max. 11.4% of the dose of cesium at 1 hour, while 2.9 and 2.4% respectively of rubidium and potassium was reached. The levels in the erythrocytes seemed to grow at a slower rate in cesium than in the other alkali elements. The different feature of blood metabolism found in the alkali elements was interpreted by the slow rate of clearance of ingested cesium from blood. Daily fluctuations of fall-out 137Cs in blood and the errors involved in the assessment of the total body burden of 137Cs by blood analysis were also discussed.

著者

田中 義一郎 河村 曰佐男

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.78-84, 1978-03-15 (Released:2006-07-14)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

7 12 11

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As a method of prompt and rapid estimation of thyroidal 131I burden of the public (and nuclear workers) in emergency exposure to radioiodine, feasibility of a use of a scintillation survey meter with a NaI (T1) crystal was demonstrated using phantoms simulating the thyroid gland of Japanese. Age dependency in the efficiency of detection was found. From the obtained detection limit, a possibility of the practical application of this method was proven. The present method may be safely used in rapid screening and measurement to a first approximation of the thyroidal 131I burden and consequently approximation of absorbed dose to the thyroid gland in emergency situations.

著者

山県 登

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.9-30, 1962-03-01 (Released:2006-08-29)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

27 41

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Measurements have been made of potassium, rubidium and cesium in the human soft tissues, muscles and bones from autopsies to determine the normal concentrations of these elements and to estimate the total body amount. The individual variability of concentration increases in the following order : K Rb Cs and the distribution pattern of potassium in muscle suggests a normal distribution and the observed distribution of stable cesium and the Cs/K ratio in muscle appear to be lognormal. A fairly good agreement is observed in rubidium data with those reported by other workers, however, discrepancy in cesium data is observed between the author and other workers. The amount of potassium, rubidium and cesium in the total body estimated from the concentrations of these elements in the soft tissues, muscle and bone is, respectively, 136±28 grams, 0.36±0.09 grams and 1.4 × 10-3 grams (95% probable range : 0.50—4.1 × 10-3) for the standard man of 70 kg body weight.

著者

Manami MONOBE Akiko UZAWA Makiko HINO Koichi ANDO Shuji KOJIMA

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.117-121, 2005 (Released:2005-04-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

21

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Human whole-blood was exposed to 137Cs γ-rays or 50 keV/μm carbon ions in the presence or absence of glycine betaine, a beer component in vitro. The dicentrics of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by glycine betaine after irradiation with 4 Gy of either γ-rays or carbon ions. The maximum protection by glycine betaine for γ-rays or carbon ions was 37% and 20%, respectively. C3H/He female mice, aged 14 weeks, received an i.p. injection of glycine betaine 15 min before whole-body irradiation with γ-rays or 50 keV/μm carbon ions. Glycine betaine significantly (p < 0.05) increased the percent survival of irradiated mice with either γ-rays or carbon ions. In conclusion, glycine betaine is a potent protector against damages caused by low- and high-LET radiation.

著者

Wang Bing

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of radiation research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.1-10, 2001-03-15

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

17 37

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The irradiation of fetuses at the late period of organogenesis has been known to induce a dramatic increase in malformations. The mechanisms involved, however, have remained unclear for a long time. Using the mouse limb bud system, we first found that radiation-induced apoptosis is involved in the malformation, namely, radiation-induced apoptosis in the predigital regions of embryonic limb buds is responsible for digital defects in mice. An examination of embryonic C57BL/6J mice with different <i>p53</i> (<i>trp53</i>) status enabled us to further find that susceptibility to radiation-induced apoptosis in the predigital regions and digital defects depend on both the <i>p53</i> status and the radiation dose; <i>p53</i> wild-type mice appeared to be the most sensitive, while <i>p53</i> knockout mice were the most resistant. These results indicate that p53-dependent apoptosis mediates radiation-induced digital defects in the later organogenesis period. The existence of a radioadaptive response in embryonic mice, which has not been reported so far, was found by irradiating embryos with either 5 cGy or 30 cGy on embryonic day 11 prior to a challenging irradiation at 3 Gy on embryonic day 12. <i>p53</i>-heterozygous embryos did not show the radioadaptive response, indicating the involvement of p53 in the radioadaptive response in embryogenesis.