著者

平松 あい 山本 大輔 栗栖 聖 花木 啓祐

出版者

The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.2-10, 2015

被引用文献数

2

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<b>Objective.</b> The objective of this study is to comprehend how much environment-related issues are dealt in the current home economics in full detail to examine the possibility of introducing Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) into curriculum of home economics. The authors applied text mining to plural home economics textbooks from the elementary school to the high school to clarify the difference of use of the environment-related elements - "sustainable society", "LCA" etc. In addition, the difference among schools and publishing companies were also analyzed.<BR><b>Results and Discussion.</b> "Daily life" and "family" were the main topic of elementary school and "environment" was also included in it and "environment" was strongly connected with word "think." In junior high school, "environment" was treated in the family life in the community and had a tendency to be connected with consumption behavior in real life. In high school, there were not many words that had strong ties with "environment" and "environment" came to be treated broader in the various issues of whole society. The word "green consumer" was appeared once in the junior high school textbook, and the word "LCA" was appeared for the first time in the high school textbook. Both were seen only just with the explanation of the concepts. While environmental concepts were linked close to concrete daily actions at the junior high school, the link became weakened at the high school. A problem of missing link that environmental education did not lead to behavioral change was implicated.<BR><b>Conclusions.</b> The current work showed that the textbook or the curriculum of junior high school seemed most appropriate to adopt LCA to promote environmental-friendly actions because "environment" was treated as a close issue as daily activities, especially consumption behaviors. It can be also proposed to increase more practical contents which connect an environment concept to a concrete action in the textbook of the high school where "LCA" was first appeared.<BR>

著者

伊坪 徳宏 久保 利晃 森野 悠 大原 利眞

出版者

The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.206-220, 2013

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<b>Objective.</b> The accidents at the Fukushima nuclear power plants following the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 resulted in a huge amount of emissions of radioactive substances. The public may have special concerns regarding these plants and radiation-related health risks. Advanced method of life cycle impact assessment evaluates potential human health impacts throughout of product life cycle. This study aimed at the development of method which reflect geographical conditions of Japan and climate conditions of 2011 March and applied this to evaluate increment of health impacts caused by the severe accident of nuclear power plants. Based on the preliminary result of evaluation using the existing characterization factor, we concentrated on the assessment of health impact of cancer caused by the I131 emission to the air.<BR><b>Methods.</b> LCIA methods generally provide site generic characterization factors (including country-specific factors) to give a priority to the application to LCA. We developed a method which includes fate, exposure, effect and damage analysis in order to improve the quality of assessment. The developed method considers the location (emission site), temporal conditions (2012/March/11th to 29th), population (density and age distribution) and weather conditions (precipitation, wind). The calculated result can be expressed as the increment of the risk of cancer and that of the damage on human, namely, loss of life expectancy.<BR><b>Results.</b> The incremental risk of cancer and the loss of life expectancy caused by the emission of I131 from Fukushima nuclear power plant were estimated. Both of them were evaluated for each grid cell (3km×3km). The incremental risk exceeded 10^-4 in eastern Fukushima and Ibaraki prefecture and exceeded 10^-5 in Kanto region including metropolitan area. The estimated human health damage varies with the slope of dose-response relationship, the maximum value is estimated around 30,000 years. The contribution of external exposures is comparatively higher than those of internal exposure such as inhalation and ingestion, because we took into account the indoor exposure of gamma radiation. Average health impact per capita in Fukushima prefecture was 2 days in the maximum. Potential damage on human health in Tokyo is also estimated high (more than 5,000 years) because of the higher population density as well as Fukushima and Ibaraki.<BR><b>Conclusions.</b> Estimated health impacts of I131 have a wide range varied from 5,000 to 30,000 years. Nevertheless, our model reflecting environmental, geographical and temporal conditions contributed to improve the quality of assessment and the result would be expected as the first study estimating potential of human health damage. The maximum value was the same digit number with the annual health impact (normalization value) of indoor air pollution (84,000 years) and noise (69,000 years) in Japan and it was less than these of urban air pollution and climate change. This study concentrated the damage caused by the emission of I131, the impact of Cs137 was out of scope, because of the difficulty of exposure in a long period of time. The inclusion of Cs137 in the assessment would be a next issue of this study.