著者

久保 正彰

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.235-275, 2003 (Released:2007-06-22)

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(ALDE) HOMER, Opera Omnia, cum vita eius ex Herodoto, Dione et Plutarcho. (Graece). Venice, Aldus, 1517, Mense Iunio, in -8, 277ff. -55ff. (n. ch.), -251ff. -1f. (n.ch.), plein parchemin à rabats. Caractères grecs.‘Cette édition, qui n'est cependent pas exempte de fautes typographiques, contient assez de corrections et de rectifications pour être considérée comme un nouveau texte. Meilleure et plus rare encore que celle de 1504, qui lui a servi de base, elle est surtout bien plus correct que la troisieme de 1524' (renouard p.80). Salissure sur le premier feuillet. Annotations marginales contemporaines. Divers cachets et inscriptions d'appartenance dont celle de Gérard Empain calligraphiée sur le premier plat de la reliure.’To the above description, announced by the Librairie Ancienne Minet Frères, Bruxelles, in 1994 when the book was put on sale, the following few factual remarks are to be added with special reference to the“annotations marginales contemporaines”. This particular copy of the Aldine Homer is now temporarily under my keeping in Tokyo.

著者

Hironori ISHIZAKI

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.195-203, 2004 (Released:2004-09-03)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

7 11

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Molecular characterization of the brain secretory peptides, PTTH and bombyxin, of Bombyx mori is reviewed. PTTH is a 30-kDa homodimeric glycoprotein, the monomer of which consists of 109 amino acids. Two monomers are held together by a disulfide bond. cDNA and gene coding for PTTH were cloned and the precursor protein for PTTH monomer was deduced. A novel 5-kD brain secretory peptide named bombyxin has been discovered from Bombyx brain. Bombyxin is highly homologous to vertebrate insulin-family peptides and possesses the prothoracicotropic activity when injected into brain-removed pupae of a heterologous moth, Samia cynthia ricini, though inactive to Bombyx from which it was derived. cDNA and gene coding for bombyxin were cloned, preprobombyxin protein was deduced, and posttranslational processing to generate mature bombyxin was suggested. The Bombyx genome contains highly multiple copies of the gene coding for bombyxins. Immunohistochemically, PTTH- and bombyxin-producing brain neurosecretory cells were identified. (Communicated by Saburo TAMURA, M.J.A.)

著者

Koichi FURUKAWA Yuhsuke OHMI Yuji KONDO Robiul H. BHUIYAN Orie TAJIMA Pu ZHANG Yuki OHKAWA Keiko FURUKAWA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.3, pp.136-149, 2019-03-11 (Released:2019-03-11)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

4 4

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Since globotetraosylceramide was defined as a major glycosphingolipid in human erythrocytes, various glycolipids have been found in normal cells and diseased organs. However, the implications of their polymorphic structures in the function of individual cells and tissues have not been clarified. Genetic manipulation of glycosphingolipids in cultured cells and experimental animals has enabled us to substantially elucidate their roles. In fact, great progress has been achieved in the last 70 years in revealing that glycolipids are essential in the maintenance of integrity of nervous tissues and other organs. Furthermore, the correct composition of glycosphingolipids has been shown to be critical for the protection against inflammation and degeneration. Here, we summarized historic information and current knowledge about glycosphingolipids, with a focus on their involvement in inflammation and degeneration. This topic is significant for understanding the biological responses to various stresses, because glycosphingolipids play roles in the interaction with various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These findings are also important for the application of therapeutic interventions of various diseases.

著者

Torahiko TERADA Sin TANAKA Sueki KUSABA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (ISSN:03699846)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.200-203, 1927 (Released:2008-03-19)

被引用文献数

1

著者

Hideki INNAN Takahiro SAKAMOTO

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.3, pp.134-143, 2021-03-11 (Released:2021-03-11)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

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One of the ultimate goals of population genetics is to theoretically describe the behavior of allele frequency. Diffusion theory has been commonly used for this purpose mainly in one-locus one-population models, although it is not easy to handle diffusion theory in models with multiple loci or with multiple populations. This review introduces several successful cases, where multi-dimensional diffusion equations contributed to addressing evolutionary questions, thereby demonstrating its strong potential in population genetics.

著者

Michio TAKAOKA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (ISSN:03699846)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.8, pp.405-407, 1940 (Released:2008-03-19)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

11 26

著者

Hirotaka SUGAWARA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.1, pp.22-49, 2021-01-08 (Released:2021-01-08)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

4

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Search and find methods*) such as cluster tracing1)–6) or large-scale PCR testing**) of those who exhibit no symptoms or only mild symptoms of COVID-19 is shown by data analysis to be a powerful means to suppress the spread of COVID-19 instead of, or in addition to, lockdown of the entire population. Here we investigate this issue by analyzing the data from some cities and countries and we establish that search and find method is as powerful as lockdown of a city or a country. Moreover, in contrast to lockdown, it neither causes inconvenience to citizens nor does it disrupt the economy. Generally speaking, it is advisable that both social distancing and increased test numbers be employed to suppress spread of the virus. The product of the total test number with the rate of positive cases is the crucial index.

著者

Saburo SHIMIZU

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (ISSN:03699846)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.7, pp.271-273, 1935 (Released:2008-03-19)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3 2

著者

Fumiyo IKEDA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.9, pp.431-439, 2020-11-11 (Released:2020-11-11)

参考文献数

54

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Ubiquitin is a small protein used for posttranslational modification and it regulates every aspect of biological functions. Through a three-step cascade of enzymatic action, ubiquitin is conjugated to a substrate. Because ubiquitin itself can be post-translationally modified, this small protein generates various ubiquitin codes and triggers differing regulation of biological functions. For example, ubiquitin itself can be ubiquitinated, phosphorylated, acetylated, or SUMOylated. Via the type three secretion system, some bacterial effectors also modify the ubiquitin system in host cells. This review describes the general concept of the ubiquitin system as well as the fundamental functions of ubiquitin in the regulation of cellular responses during inflammation and bacterial infection.

著者

服部 四郎

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.93-137, 1987 (Released:2007-06-22)

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Firstly, the author agrees with Professor Taro Sakamoto's (M.J.A.) opinion to the effect that the ancestors of the Japanese nation came over to Japan from Siberia via the Mamiya Straits, Sakhalin, and Hokkaido in the early Stone Age. He also approves of Professor T. Sakamoto's theory that Yamatai Queendom was in Kyushu, not in Yamato (Nara Prefecture).The author assumes that the distances described in the so-called Gishi Wajinden are those between the capitals of the kingdoms.The author's hypothetic identification of the capitals of the kingdoms are as follows.Matsura Kingdom: Karatsu City including Sakura-no-baba.Ito Kingdom: Around the Mikumo-Iwara district in Maebaru Town.Fumi Kingdom: Umi City and the adjacent district.As for the capital of Na Kingdom he advances a new theory that it must have been located in the area between Ko-no-su Hills and Mt. Higashi-Abura-yama in Fukuoka City.In regard to Toma Kingdom, the author rejects all the theories advanced so far, and he proposes a new hypothesis that the capital was located around the consecrated spring of Asaduma in Kurume City.The most problematic capital of Yamatai Queendom was located, according to the author, in Kumamoto City.Probably around the end of the 3rd century A.D. it was destroyed to ashes by the Kumaso people (including that of Kuna Kingdom), a branch of the Japanese, who attacked Yamatai Queendom from the south, and the name Yamatai was abolished by them and passed into oblivion.

著者

Sajiro MAKINO Nobuo TAKAGI Masahiro HIKITA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy (ISSN:00214280)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.6, pp.427-431, 1964 (Released:2006-09-12)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

3 5

著者

Hidetsugu YAGI Shintaro UDA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (ISSN:03699846)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.49-52, 1926 (Released:2008-03-19)

被引用文献数

21 53

著者

中村 元

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.45-69, 1996 (Released:2007-06-22)

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It has been the topic of debate among scholars and thinkers whether modern thoughts as can be noticed in the West did exist in India before Western thoughts were introduced into India.When scholars and thinkers take up Indian philosophy, they discuss the thoughts in philosophical texts which are relevant to darsanas; such as the Nyaya-Vaiseshika or Vedanta schools. They tend to disregard philosophical thoughts as were expressed and represented by poets or religious leaders in the modern period.However, in my eyes modern thoughts which are occasionally more radical than those expressed by modern thinkers of the West are noticed in the poems of some Indian thinkers of the same period.One of the most noteworthy thinkers was Kabir the poet (1440-1518 A. D.). His thoughts are not set forth, nor discussed by authors of ordinary“History of Indian philosophy”and so on. They discuss chiefly darsanas.However, as the remarkable thinker of India at the dawn of modern age, I am going to discuss the philosophical thought of Kabir.I. To our astonishment, he was an explicit egalitarian. He denied all the distinctions and discriminations among various classes or castes.II. He was thoroughgoing in the respect of iconoclasm. He denied the significance of all idols.III. The significance of religion can be noticed in the internal character. The significance of all the holy scriptures was denied.IV. God resides only within one's mind. The difference among various religions was denied. Practice of all traditional rituals is useless.V. Erudition about religious scriptures is useless. He encouraged pratical and realistic scholarship.VI. We should rely upon experiences alone. He expressed pragmatic views.VII. To be a human being should be placed in viewing things. Human body should be taken care of.VIII. The spirit of love should be extended beyond human beings. This worldly, secular attitude concerning daily life should be emphasized. Family life is most important.IX. The yawning for God can be compared to sexual love. Otherworldly religious practice was denied.

著者

Kurakichi SHIRATORI

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (ISSN:03699846)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.6, pp.241-244, 1926 (Released:2008-03-19)

被引用文献数

1

著者

Hitoshi OKAZAWA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.6, pp.361-377, 2017-06-09 (Released:2017-06-12)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

2 7

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The concept of neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutics targeting these intractable diseases are changing rapidly. Protein aggregation as the top of pathological cascade is now challenged, and many alternative ideas are proposed. Early molecular pathologies before microscopic detection of diseases protein aggregates, which I propose to call “Ultra-Early Phase pathologies or phase 0 pathologies”, are the focus of research that might explain the failures of clinical trials with anti-Aβ antibodies against Alzheimer’s disease. In this review article, I summarize the critical issues that should be successfully and consistently answered by a new concept of neurodegeneration. For reevaluating old concepts and reconstructing a new concept of neurodegeneration that will replace the old ones, non-biased comprehensive approaches including proteome combined with systems biology analyses will be a powerful tool. I introduce our recent efforts in this orientation that have reached to the stage of non-clinical proof of concept applicable to clinical trials.

著者

Hirokazu YOSHIMURA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.10, pp.197-201, 1996 (Released:2006-10-17)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4 1

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We found that the time profile of the land air temperature anomalies followed the time profile of the magnetic field variation with remarkable similarity and delay time of about 200 years for both cases of the instrumentally measured temperature data and the data reconstructed from tree ring growth rates of the northern north American continent and the polar Ural mountains of northern Siberia. If this is indeed the case, (i) the present global warming will turn to global cooling in near future. If we assume that the land air temperature anomalies can be a good proxy of the solar total irradiance variation, the present result means that (ii) the present global warming of the Earth is a result of release of heat which has been stored in the solar convection zone in the Maunder Minimum in the 17th century.

著者

Takashi NISHIKAZE

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.9, pp.523-537, 2019-11-11 (Released:2019-11-11)

参考文献数

76

被引用文献数

39

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Mass spectrometry (MS) is a well-accepted means for analyzing glycans. Before glycan analysis by MS, several chemical derivatizations are generally carried out. These are classified into three categories; (1) labeling of the reducing end of glycans, (2) permethylation, and (3) sialic acid derivatization. Because sialic acid residues are unstable, they are easily lost during pretreatment and during or after ionization in a mass spectrometer. Sialic acid derivatization can prevent the loss of this residue. Recently, new types of sialic acid derivatization techniques have been developed, which allow straight-forward sialic acid linkage analysis (α2,3-/α2,6-linkages) as well as residue stabilization. This review summarizes the developments in sialic acid derivatization techniques, especially the varied methods of sialic acid linkage-specific derivatization.

著者

Yoshiaki ARATA Yue-Chang ZHANG

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.1-6, 1990 (Released:2006-10-13)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

5 4

著者

Yuki SATO Motoko YANAGITA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.8, pp.468-478, 2019-10-11 (Released:2019-10-11)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

21

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, affecting over 10% of the world’s population and more than half of the population aged over 70 years, imposing major costs on healthcare systems. Although the primary causes of CKD include various diseases such as diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and acute kidney injury (AKI), the progression of CKD is mediated by a common pathological pathway, which is mainly characterized by fibrosis and chronic inflammation. In this process, resident fibroblasts in the kidney play crucial roles. Accumulating evidence highlights the existence of functional heterogeneity and plasticity of fibroblasts and their diverse roles in kidney disease progression and resolution. In addition to renal fibrosis, renal anemia and peritubular capillary loss, two major complications of progressive CKD, are also caused by dysfunction of resident fibroblasts. Furthermore, age-dependent alterations in fibroblast behavior also contribute to age-dependent unique pathological conditions. In this article, we describe the current understanding regarding the behaviors of fibroblasts in the kidney in health, disease, and aging.

著者

上野 善道

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.215-250, 1985 (Released:2007-06-22)

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This paper is an entirely revised version of the author's article“The Geographical Distribution of Japanese Accents”in S. A. Wurm and Shiro Hattori (1983). The geographical distribution is made more accurate, and his hypothetical view on the genealogical relationships among Japanese accents is expounded this time.In part (1), the following three accent types are treated: Ibuki-jima dialect (1/2/3/4/5), Manabe type dialects (1•5/2/3/4) and Sanuki type dialects (1•3/2/4/5). After their accentual systems and the geographical dis-tribution are described, proto-Manabe accent and proto-Sanuki accent are reconstructed as table 2 (p. 229) and table 25 (p. 244), respectively. Ibuki-jima is the only dialect that preserves all the oppositions supposed to have existed in the protolanguage of all dialects, but the tonetic substances (tone values) are considered to have changed somewhat from the proto-accent.