著者

Kiyotsugu HIRAYAMA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (ISSN:03699846)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.9, pp.482-485, 1933 (Released:2008-03-19)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

44

著者

Noboru ITO

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy (ISSN:00214280)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.149-150, 1953 (Released:2006-09-12)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

2

著者

Masanori IYE

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.8, pp.228-240, 2023-10-11 (Released:2023-10-11)

参考文献数

7

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A catalog of 13,591 papers published by the Japan Academy in three phases over a century in the Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (1913–1945), the Proceedings of the Japan Academy (1945–1977), and Proceedings of the Japan Academy, divided in Series A and B (1977–2022), is made available for public access. The catalog contains information about the authors, the title of the paper, published year, volume, issue, start page, end page, the field of sciences, and the academy member who introduced the paper in the monthly academy meeting. This article reports some analyses of the catalog and discusses the trends and background of the academies’ publications during the past century.

著者

Tosihide H. YOSIDA Masayasu Y. WADA Yohei SAKAI Norio KONDO

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.9, pp.304-307, 1983 (Released:2006-10-10)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

Sooyeon KIM Latiefa KAMARULZAMAN Yuichi TANIGUCHI

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.pjab.99.021, (Released:2023-09-06)

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Studying the central dogma at the single-cell level has gained increasing attention to reveal hidden cell lineages and functions that cannot be studied using traditional bulk analyses. Nonetheless, most single-cell studies exploiting genomic and transcriptomic levels fail to address information on proteins that are central to many important biological processes. Single-cell proteomics enables understanding of the functional status of individual cells and is particularly crucial when the specimen is composed of heterogeneous entities of cells. With the growing importance of this field, significant methodological advancements have emerged recently. These include miniaturized and automated sample preparation, multi-omics analyses, and combined analyses of multiple techniques such as mass spectrometry and microscopy. Moreover, artificial intelligence and single-molecule detection technologies have advanced throughput and improved sensitivity limitations, respectively, over conventional methods. In this review, we summarize cutting-edge methodologies for single-cell proteomics and relevant emerging technologies that have been reported in the last 5 years, and we provide an outlook on this research field.

著者

Atsushi OHTSU Koichi GOTO Takayuki YOSHINO

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.pjab.99.015, (Released:2023-08-09)

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Cancer comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is a fundamental tool for promoting precision oncology in advanced solid tumors. In 2015, we launched the SCRUM-Japan platform for CGP test screening followed by enrollment in genomically-matched clinical trials. More than 30,000 tissue-based and 10,000 liquid-based CGP tests have already been performed for enrollment in a total of 127 industry-/investigator-initiated registration trials. So far, 12 new agents with 14 indications have achieved regulatory approval for health care coverage in Japan. Using the clinical-genomic database of this project, a new driver gene was recently discovered with a dramatic response to a genomically-matched agent. Liquid biopsies are a potentially powerful tool for establishing precision oncology. Our comparative study with tissue-based CGPs revealed the utility of liquid biopsy in terms of being less invasive, shorter turn-round time, and higher enrollment rate for genotype-matched treatment than tissue-based CGP in gastrointestinal cancers. Another major multilayer multi-omics study (MONSTAR-SCREEN-2) including whole exome/transcriptome tissue- and liquid-based analyses and multiplex immunohistochemistry, with artificial intelligence/machine learning was launched in 2020 for the purpose of novel biomarker and new oncology agent discovery/development in collaboration with 18 pharmaceutical companies.For detecting minimal/molecular residual disease (MRD) after surgery, post-surgical monitoring with tumor-informed liquid biopsy assays in association with two randomized controlled trials also started in 2020 (CIRCULATE-Japan). More than 5,000 patients have already been enrolled and the observational cohort study showed the clear utility of MRD monitoring for predicting recurrence, leading to changes in clinical practice in patient selection regarding who should receive adjuvant therapy in the near future.

著者

Satoshi KIDA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.3, pp.95-106, 2020-03-11 (Released:2020-03-11)

参考文献数

87

被引用文献数

31

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Memory retrieval is not a passive process. When a memory is retrieved, the retrieved memory is destabilized, similar to short-term memory just after learning, and requires memory reconsolidation to re-stabilize the memory. Recent studies characterizing destabilization and reconsolidation showed that a retrieved memory is not always destabilized and that there are boundary conditions that determine the induction of destabilization and reconsolidation according to certain parameters, such as the duration of retrieval and the memory strength and age. Moreover, the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory is not independent of memory extinction; rather, these memory processes interact with each other. There is an increasing number of findings suggesting that destabilization following retrieval facilitates the modification, weakening, or strengthening of the original memory, and the resultant updated memory is stabilized through reconsolidation. Reconsolidation could be targeted therapeutically to improve emotional disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and phobia. Thus, this review summarizes recent findings to understand the mechanisms and function of reconsolidation.

著者

Saburô SHIMIZU

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (ISSN:03699846)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.10, pp.547-550, 1926 (Released:2008-03-19)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 1

著者

Takuro SHINTANI

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy (ISSN:00214280)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.7, pp.355-358, 1976 (Released:2006-10-03)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

5

著者

Asajiro OKA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (ISSN:03699846)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.10, pp.387-389, 1931 (Released:2008-03-19)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

Yasushi MIYASHITA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.3, pp.93-111, 2022-03-11 (Released:2022-03-11)

参考文献数

113

被引用文献数

4

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The cerebral cortex performs its computations with many six-layered fundamental units, collectively spreading along the cortical sheet. What is the local network structure and the operating dynamics of such a fundamental unit? Previous investigations of primary sensory areas revealed a classic “canonical” circuit model, leading to an expectation of similar circuit organization and dynamics throughout the cortex. This review clarifies the different circuit dynamics at play in the higher association cortex of primates that implements computation for high-level cognition such as memory and attention. Instead of feedforward processing of response selectivity through Layers 4 to 2/3 that the classic canonical circuit stipulates, memory recall in primates occurs in Layer 5/6 with local backward projection to Layer 2/3, after which the retrieved information is sent back from Layer 6 to lower-level cortical areas for further retrieval of nested associations of target attributes. In this review, a novel “dynamic multimode module (D3M)” in the primate association cortex is proposed, as a new “canonical” circuit model performing this operation.

著者

Hideki YORIMITSU Gregory J. P. PERRY

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.4, pp.190-205, 2022-04-11 (Released:2022-04-11)

参考文献数

83

被引用文献数

10

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Biaryl synthesis continues to occupy a central role in chemical synthesis. From blockbuster drug molecules to organic electronics, biaryls present numerous possibilities and new applications continue to emerge. Transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions represent the gold standard for biaryl synthesis and the mechanistic steps, such as reductive elimination, are well established. Developing routes that exploit alternative mechanistic scenarios could give unprecedented biaryl structures and expand the portfolio of biaryl applications. We have developed metal-free C–H/C–H couplings of aryl sulfoxides with phenols to afford 2-hydroxy-2′-sulfanylbiaryls. This cascade strategy consists of an interrupted Pummerer reaction and [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement. Our method enables the synthesis of intriguing aromatic molecules, including oligoarenes, enantioenriched dihetero[8]helicenes, and polyfluorobiaryls. From our successes in aryl sulfoxide/phenol couplings and a deeper understanding of sigmatropic rearrangements for biaryl synthesis, we have established related methods, such as aryl sulfoxide/aniline and aryl iodane/phenol couplings. Overall, our fundamental interests in underexplored reaction mechanisms have led to various methods for accessing important biaryl architectures.

著者

Yuji YAZAKI

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.6, pp.399-421, 2017-06-09 (Released:2017-06-12)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1 2

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In 1928, Klein and Nishina investigated Compton scattering based on the Dirac equation just proposed in the same year, and derived the Klein–Nishina formula for the scattering cross section of a photon. At that time the Dirac equation had the following unsettled conceptual questions: the negative energy states, its four-component wave functions, and the spin states of an electron. Hence, during their investigation struggles, they encountered various difficulties. In this article, we describe their struggles to derive the formula using the “Sangokan Nishina Source Materials” retained in the the Nishina Memorial Foundation.

著者

河野 六郎

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.101-122, 1989 (Released:2007-06-22)

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The Korean alphabet is now called“Han-gul”which means in Korean“the great writing”. But this appellation is of recent origin. Formerly it was commonly named“On-mun”(the vernacular writing) . The real name of the writing at the outset was“Hunmin-chong'um”which means“the correct sounds with which the people should be instructed”.

著者

Toshio YANAGIDA Yoshiharu ISHII

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.2, pp.51-63, 2017-02-10 (Released:2017-02-10)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

4 14

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Single molecule detection has contributed to our understanding of the unique mechanisms of life. Unlike artificial man-made machines, biological molecular machines integrate thermal noises rather than avoid them. For example, single molecule detection has demonstrated that myosin motors undergo biased Brownian motion for stepwise movement and that single protein molecules spontaneously change their conformation, for switching to interactions with other proteins, in response to thermal fluctuation. Thus, molecular machines have flexibility and efficiency not seen in artificial machines.

著者

Kumi YOSHIDA Kin-ichi OYAMA Tadao KONDO

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.2, pp.51-68, 2021-02-10 (Released:2021-02-10)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

5

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Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a unique flower because it is composed of sepals rather than true petals that have the ability to change color. In the early 20th century, it was known that soil acidity and Al3+ content could intensify the blue hue of the sepals. In the mid-20th century, the anthocyanin component 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin (1) and the copigment components 5-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic, and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acids (2–4) were reported. Interestingly, all hydrangea colors from red to purple to blue are produced by the same organic components. We were interested in this phenomenon and the chemical mechanisms underlying hydrangea color variation. In this review, we summarize our recent studies on the chemical mechanisms underlying hydrangea sepal color development, including the structure of the blue complex, transporters involved in accumulation of aluminum ion (Al3+), and distribution of the blue complex and aluminum ions in living sepal tissue.

著者

Shuhei OKUBO

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.2, pp.50-69, 2020-02-10 (Released:2020-02-10)

参考文献数

77

被引用文献数

10

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This report highlights the usefulness and applicability of various gravimetric methods for studying earthquakes and volcanic activities. A high-resolution gravity anomaly map of Japan reveals areas with very steep horizontal gradients, where potential seismic faults are likely to be buried. Such traditional geoprospecting is coupled with novel cosmic-ray radiography to produce a fine-resolution (<100 m) three-dimensional density structure of a volcano. On the other hand, temporal gravity changes provide invaluable information about the process of earthquake faulting, volcanic eruptions, caldera formation, etc. Specifically, in this report we present our previous work on gravity research for solid earth science: (1) the first detection of coseismic gravity changes, (2) the virtual visualization of the rising and falling of magma in a conduit of Asama volcano, and (3) the large-scale lateral movement of magma during the Miyake-jima eruption in 2000.

著者

Yoko MATSUI

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.Special_Issue, pp.139-154, 2018-04-11 (Released:2018-05-23)

被引用文献数

1

著者

Shoji HORIE

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy (ISSN:00214280)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.143-146, 1977 (Released:2006-10-03)

参考文献数

7

著者

Hirokazu KAWAGISHI

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.1, pp.29-38, 2019-01-11 (Released:2019-01-11)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3 33

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2-Azahypoxanthine (AHX, 1) and imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA, 2) were isolated from a fairy-ring-forming fungus Lepista sordida. AHX was converted into a metabolite 2-aza-8-oxo-hypoxanthine (AOH, 3) in plants. It was found out that these three compounds, named as fairy chemicals (FCs), endogenously exist in plants and are biosynthesized via a new purine metabolic pathway. FCs provided tolerance to the plants against various stresses and regulated the growth of all the plants. In addition, FCs increased the yield of rice, wheat, and other crops in the greenhouse and/or field experiments.