1 0 0 0 OA Saturated fatty acids and insulin resistance
- 著者
- Makoto Funaki
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.56, no.3,4, pp.88-92, 2009 (Released:2009-09-17)
- 参考文献数
- 42
- 被引用文献数
- 51 59
Insulin resistance is one of the pathophysiological features of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recent findings have linked insulin resistance to chronic low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue. Excess storage of saturated fat in white adipose tissue due to a modern life style causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes, which exhibit attenuated insulin signaling due to their production and release of saturated fatty acids. These adipocytes recruit macrophages to white adipose tissue and, together with them, initiate a proinflammatory response. Proinflammatory factors and saturated fatty acids secreted into the bloodstream from white adipose tissue impair insulin signaling in non-adipose tissues, which causes whole-body insulin resistance. J. Med. Invest. 56: 88-92, August, 2009
- 著者
- Mayumi Ikeuchi Naoki Hino Aya Nishisyo Mariko Aoyama Miyuki Kanematsu Hiroaki Inoue Soichiro Sasa Tomohiro Inui Naoki Miyamoto Kazumasa Okumura Hiromitsu Takizawa
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.69, no.1.2, pp.107-111, 2022 (Released:2022-04-22)
- 参考文献数
- 21
- 被引用文献数
- 1
Purpose:Drug-induced interstitial pneumonia (DIP) that occurs during chemotherapy for breast cancer is a rare but a serious adverse event. Treatments of DIP requires interruption of breast cancer treatment, which may affect the patient’s prognosis. However, there are few reports which discuss DIP during breast cancer treatments. Purpose of this report is to make clear how DIP occurred and influenced breast cancer treatment in our hospital. Patients and Methods:A total of 74 patients who started perioperative chemotherapy in Tokushima Municipal Hospital for breast cancer from January 2019 to December 2020 were evaluated for DIP. Patients’ and tumors’ characteristics, and regimens which caused DIP were investigated. The clinical courses of the DIP patients were also followed up. Results:Twelve of the 74 patients developed DIP. All 12 patients had histories of cyclophosphamide administration;however, the causative drug could not be determined. Ten of the 12 patients were treated with steroids, and all the patients recovered ultimately from the interstitial pneumonia. While chemotherapy was administered in six patients after mild DIP, no relapse of pneumonia was observed. Conclusion:DIP during perioperative chemotherapy for breast cancer was resolved with appropriate treatment. Patients were able to resume breast cancer treatment with minimal interruption. J. Med. Invest. 69 : 107-111, February, 2022
- 著者
- Elzbieta Miller Malgorzata Mrowicka Katarzyna Malinowska Krystian Zolynski Józef Kedziora
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.57, no.1,2, pp.168-173, 2010 (Released:2010-03-18)
- 参考文献数
- 16
- 被引用文献数
- 30 39
Objective. There is evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is not only characterized by immune mediated inflammatory reactions but also by neurodegenerative processes. Neutralization of oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, might represent a therapeutic approach to provide neuroprotection in MS. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in total antioxidative status and activities of chosen antioxidative enzymes, such as: SOD, CAT in erythrocytes of patients with MS before and after using WBCT with control group. Materials and methods. 32 patients with multiple sclerosis (ICD10-G35) and 20 healthy subjects were recruited for the study. The examined MS group (n=16) was treated with a series of 10 daily exposures in a cryogenic chamber (2-3 min, from -120°C to -110°C) and program of exercises. The control MS group (n=16) had only exercises. Plasma TAS as well as SOD and CAT activities in erythrocytes were measured. Results. The level of TAS in MS patients was distinctly reduced compared to healthy subjects. After two weeks of WBCT treatment an increase of TAS in the whole examined group (p>0,01) were observed in relation to control MS group. There was not increase of CuZnSOD and CAT activities. Conclusion. Our results suggest positive antioxidant effects of WBCT as a short-term adjuvant treatment for patients suffered due to MS. J. Med. Invest. 57: 168-173, February, 2010
- 著者
- Gen Adachi Tomoki Oshikawa Hiroshi Akuzawa Koji Kaneoka
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.67, no.3.4, pp.274-279, 2020 (Released:2020-11-05)
- 参考文献数
- 32
- 被引用文献数
- 2
The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of different postures on the activity of the shoulder girdle and lower back muscles while using a smartphone. Sixteen healthy male participants maintained two postures while using a smartphone : a good posture in which the tragus and acromion were closer to the vertical line passing through the greater trochanter, and a poor posture in which the tragus and acromion were farther from the vertical line passing through the greater trochanter. The target muscles were the rhomboid major (Rhom), upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius (LT), lumbar erector spinae (LES), and lumbar multifidus (LMF). The activities of the Rhom and LT were significantly lower with poor posture than those with good posture. The activities of LES and LMF were significantly higher with poor posture than those with good posture. The results of this study indicated that poor posture was associated with hypoactivity of the shoulder girdle muscles and hyperactivity of the lower back muscles when compared with good posture. Poor posture for prolonged periods while using a smartphone would lead to malfunction of the shoulder girdle muscles and musculofascial lower back pain. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 274-279, August, 2020
1 0 0 0 OA Relationships between thermic effect of food, insulin resistance and autonomic nervous activity
- 著者
- Tomonori Watanabe Masahiro Nomura Kimiko Nakayasu Tomohito Kawano Susumu Ito Yutaka Nakaya
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.53, no.1,2, pp.153-158, 2006 (Released:2006-03-11)
- 参考文献数
- 30
- 被引用文献数
- 11 12
Background: The thermic effect of food (TEF) is higher in lean than in obese human subjects.Objective: Relationships between TEF and insulin resistance during meals, from the point of view of autonomic nervous activity, were evaluated.Methods: Autonomic nervous activity was evaluated in 20 young adults using the spectral analysis of heart rate variability from one hour before to two hours after a meal. Heart rate data were analyzed based on low frequency components (LF power, 0.04-0.15 Hz), high frequency components (HF power, 0.15-0.40 Hz), and LF/HF ratios. Energy expenditure and the TEF were measured 30 min after a meal. Homeostasis model of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was also measured.Results: The LF/HF ratio was significantly increased 30 min after a meal (p<0.05). No correlation between LF power and HF power with TEF was found, but the LF/HF ratio was significantly and positively correlated with TEF (r=+0.56, p<0.05). Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between the HOMA-IR and TEF (r=-0.601, p<0.05).Conclusions: The findings suggest that a reduction in insulin sensitivity induces a poor response of sympathetic nervous activity in the postprandial phase and a reduction in postprandial energy expenditure. J. Med. Invest. 53: 153-158, February, 2006
1 0 0 0 OA Gene-expression profile reveals the genetic and acquired phenotypes of hyperactive mutant SPORTS rat
- 著者
- Taigo Horiguchi Yumiko Miyatake Keiko Miyoshi Ayako Tanimura Hiroko Hagita Hiroshi Sakaue Takafumi Noma
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.67, no.1.2, pp.51-61, 2020 (Released:2020-05-02)
- 参考文献数
- 34
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Spontaneously Running Tokushima Shikoku (SPORTS) rat is a hyperactive rat strain. However, the causative mutation of this phenotype has not yet been identified. To investigate the molecular basis for the unique phenotype of SPORTS rats, we examined gene-expression profiles by microarray analyses. Among adenylate kinase isozymes that maintain the homeostasis of cellular adenine nucleotide composition in the cell, only adenylate kinase 1 is highly up-regulated in both exercised and sedentary SPORTS rats compared with wild-type (WT) rats, 5.5-fold and 3.3-fold, respectively. Further comparative analyses revealed that genes involved in glucose metabolism were up-regulated in skeletal muscle tissue of exercised SPORTS rats compared with sedentary mutants, whereas genes related to extracellular matrix or region were down-regulated compared with WT rats. In brain tissue of sedentary SPORTS rats, genes associated with defense and catecholamine metabolism were highly expressed compared with WT rats. These findings suggest that genetic mutation(s) in SPORTS rat remodels metabolic demands through differentially regulating gene expression regardless of exercise. Therefore, the SPORTS rats are useful animal model not only for further examining the effects of exercise on metabolism but also for deeply studying the molecular basis how mutation affect the psychological motivation with spontaneous voluntary exercise phenotype. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 51-61, February, 2020
- 著者
- Tohru Sakai Emi Shuto Tomoyo Taki Honami Imamura Miku Kioka Akiko Nakamoto Seiji Mizoguchi Shouko Amano Yukari Kawano Mariko Nakamoto Rie Tsutumi Toshio Hosaka
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.59, no.1,2, pp.95-101, 2012 (Released:2012-03-08)
- 参考文献数
- 16
- 被引用文献数
- 1
NC/Nga (NC) mice are an animal model for human atopic dermatitis. We found that induction of antigen (Ag)-specific T cell response is diminished in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized NC mice. Ability of Ag presentation in NC mouse dendritic cells (DCs) was significantly weaker than that in BALB/c and DBA/2 mouse DCs. Expression levels of MHC class II molecules and cathepsin E in NC mouse DCs were significantly lower that those in BALB/c and DBA/2 mouse DCs. These results indicate that low expression levels of MHC class II and cathepsin E might contribute to the defect in induction of Ag-specific T cells in NC mice. J. Med. Invest. 59: 95-101, February, 2012
- 著者
- Masataka Kusunoki Kazuhiko Tsutsumi Meiho Nakayama Tsuyoshi Kurokawa Takao Nakamura Hitoshi Ogawa Yoshitaka Fukuzawa Munehiko Morishita Tatsuro Koide Tetsuro Miyata
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.54, no.3,4, pp.243-247, 2007 (Released:2007-09-11)
- 参考文献数
- 15
- 被引用文献数
- 40 54
Background: Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) improves the lipid metabolism of diabetics, leading to prevents of arteriosclerosis. Exact relationship between saturated fatty acids (SFA) or PUFA and the insulin resistance of diabetics are unknown.Subjects and Methods: We investigated the relationship between the serum concentrations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and the homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-R) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Results: The SFA, i.e., lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), i.e., palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and erucic acid; and the PUFA, i.e., eicosadienoic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, docosatetraenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid were positively correlated with HOMA-R. However, no correlations were found between HOMA-R and SFA, i.e., arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid; the MUFA, i.e., eicosenoic acid and nervonic acid; and the PUFA, i.e., linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, linolenic acid, 5-8-11 eicosatrienoic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.Conclusions: Some PUFA as well as SFA were positively correlated with HOMA-R. These results indicate that the intake of diet fatty acid must be well balanced in diabetic patients and it is not always true to refrain from taking SFA and increase the unsaturated fatty acids in their diets. J. Med. Invest. 54: 243-247, August, 2007
- 著者
- Joannes Paulus Tolentino Hernandez
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.66, no.1.2, pp.24-30, 2019-02-15 (Released:2019-04-27)
- 参考文献数
- 52
- 被引用文献数
- 25
Telenursing is one type of telehealth service delivery proposed to resolve the predicted gap between healthcare workforce demand and supply globally. The aim of this article is to explore the ‘Nurse Chatbot' for chronic care on the benefits of increasing patient/client access to healthcare information and maximizing the potential of artificial intelligence/AI to bridge the ‘demand-supply gap' of human healthcare providers. Moreover,closing this gap through the establishment of a ‘Nurse Chatbot' will be innovative, favorably scalable and customizable within a decentralized health network, and potentially sustainable in the new digital economy. Following are the assumptions : 1) “caring” communicated textually is highly ‘transactive' in chronic disease selfmanagement support/CDSMS for goal agreements between agents and for overcoming the system noise in the form of cross-entropy, perplexity, and information wastage ; 2) ‘Nurse Chatbot' is the interlocutor in nursing care and the nursing agency by superpositioning and entanglement ; and 3) possible effects of chatbot-user transactions are information flows, management of health, and patient satisfaction. This article also looks into ‘Nurse Chatbot' development for CDSMS, simulation of its diffusion capacity egocentrically, technology acceptance model/TAM to inquire the engagement of users, and possible approaches to ethical and safety issues. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 24-30, February, 2019
- 著者
- Freslyn Lim-Saco
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.66, no.1.2, pp.8-11, 2019-02-15 (Released:2019-04-27)
- 参考文献数
- 17
- 被引用文献数
- 5
Abstract : Theory development in nursing has been contentious so that issues about theory as knowledge base and counterpart of practice, and theory as the foundation of nursing as a discipline of knowledge and practice profession have facilitated the seeming ambiguity hindering theoretical contributions integral to human health and well-being. Nursing science continues to generate discussions about its development particularly grounding its practice as a legitimate component of human health care. The aims of this paper are (a) to describe three contemporary issues regarding theory construction and development in nursing, and (b) to advance a theory of nursing that can reconcile these issues. Content analysis following a review of literature revealed ontological,epistemological, and contextual issues on nursing theory development and theory-based practice perspective. The middle-range theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing is advanced as integral to pursuing the reconciliation of theory development and practice engagements within the Universal Technological Domain in nursing and the health sciences. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 8-11, February, 2019
- 著者
- Taijun Hana Junya Iwama Suguru Yokosako Chika Yoshimura Naoyuki Arai Yasuhiro Kuroi Hirokazu Koseki Mami Akiyama Kengo Hirota Hidenori Ohbuchi Shinji Hagiwara Shigeru Tani Atsushi Sasahara Hidetoshi Kasuya
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.61, no.1.2, pp.41-45, 2014 (Released:2014-04-04)
- 参考文献数
- 21
- 被引用文献数
- 7 19
We aimed to determine the sensitivity of CT perfusion (CTP) for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in the acute stage. We retrospectively reviewed patients with ischemic stroke who underwent brain CTP on arrival and MRI-diffusion weighted image (DWI) after hospitalization between October 2008 and October 2011. Final diagnosis was made from MRI-DWI findings and 87 patients were identified. Fifty-five out of 87 patients (63%) could be diagnosed with cerebral infarction by initial CTP. The sensitivity depends on the area size (s): 29% for S < 3 cm2, 83% for S ≥ 3 cm2 - < 6 cm2, 88% for S ≥ 6 cm2 - < 9 cm2, 80% for S ≥ 9 cm2 - < 12 cm2, and 96% for S ≥ 12 cm2 (p < 0.001). Sensitivity depends on the type of infarction: 0% for lacunar, 74% for atherothrombotic, and 92% for cardioembolism (p < 0.001). Sensitivity is not correlated with hours after onset. CT perfusion is an effective imaging modality for the diagnosis and treatment decisions for acute stroke, particularly more serious strokes. J. Med. Invest. 61: 41-45, February, 2014
- 著者
- Kawai Yoshichika
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.65, no.3.4, pp.162-165, 2018 (Released:2018-10-04)
- 参考文献数
- 28
- 被引用文献数
- 30
Many papers have suggested the health‐beneficial activity of natural dietary polyphenols to prevent chronic diseases and aging processes in humans. It is generally recognized that polyphenols are absorbed from the intestines and metabolized into the phase‐Ⅱ conjugates, i.e., the glucuronides and sulfates. For example, a major dietary flavonoid, quercetin, abundant in onion and buckwheat, is metabolized after oral intake into its conjugates, such as quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide and quercetin‐3'‐O‐sulfate, whereas no aglycone was found in the human plasma. Therefore, to understand the mechanisms of the biological activity of quercetin in vivo, we should focus on the molecular actions of these conjugates. In the last decade, we have demonstrated the unique actions of quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide at sites of inflammation, including specific accumulation in macrophages and the following deconjugation into active aglycone, catalyzed by the macrophage‐derived β‐glucuronidase. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of quercetin conjugates in macrophages and propose a possible strategy for the effective utilization of natural polyphenols in our daily diet for prevention of age‐related chronic diseases. J. Med. Invest. 65:162‐165, August, 2018
- 著者
- Machiko Kiyokawa Toshiya Matsuzaki Takeshi Iwasa Rie Ogata Masahiro Murakami Riyo Kinouchi Shinobu Yoshida Akira Kuwahara Toshiyuki Yasui Minoru Irahara
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.58, no.1,2, pp.11-18, 2011 (Released:2011-03-01)
- 参考文献数
- 28
- 被引用文献数
- 5 11
Objectives: Reproductive functions are influenced by various feeding regulators. Orexin, which is one of orexinergic peptides, suppresses the pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) rats. However, the mechanism of this effect is still not clear. To investigate whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in the orexin A-mediated suppression of pulsatile LH secretion, we evaluated the effects of NPY antibody on the suppressive effect of orexin A. Methods: Orexin A was administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) and NPY antibody (NPY-Ab) was injected before icv administration of orexin A in OVX rats. Pulsatile LH secretion was analyzed by measuring serum LH concentrations in the next 2 h in blood samples drawn at 6-min intervals by radioimmunoassay. Results: Administration of orexin A significantly reduced the mean LH concentration and LH pulse frequency. Co-administration of NPY antibody with orexin A significantly restored the suppressive effect of orexin A on the mean LH concentration and LH pulse frequency. Conclusion: NPY mediated the suppressive effect of intracerebroventricularly injected orexin A on pulsatile LH secretion, suggesting that hypothalamic orexin suppressed pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion via NPY in the hypothalamus of female rats. J. Med. Invest. 58: 11-18, February, 2011
- 著者
- Hideyuki Nemoto Kazue Ikata Hideki Arimochi Teruaki Iwasaki Yoshinari Ohnishi Tomomi Kuwahara Keiko Kataoka
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.58, no.3,4, pp.235-245, 2011 (Released:2011-09-16)
- 参考文献数
- 35
- 被引用文献数
- 16
The aim of this study is to investigate the prebiotic effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) on the intestinal environment in vitro and in healthy adults. Methods: Fresh fecal slurries from six healthy adults were incubated with FBRA to confirm prebiotic potentials of FBRA. Another thirty-six healthy adults were randomly allocated to 2 groups for the clinical study. Subjects consumed 21.0 g/day of either FBRA or control food for 2 weeks, followed by a 12-week intermission and then 2-week ingestion vice versa. Main outcome measures were bifidobacterial numbers and organic acid concentration in feces. Sub outcome measures were fecal microbiota, fecal environments and bowel function. Results: Incubation of fecal slurries with FBRA in vitro resulted in increased organic acids with individual-specific patterns. Bifidobacterial numbers were increased during incubation. In the clinical study, all participants safely completed this study. FBRA had little effect on fecal number of bifidobacteria, concentrations of organic acids or putrefactive metabolites, fecal pH, or fecal microbiota. Conclusion: FBRA has the potentials as a prebiotic, however, we could not detect its effects on the intestinal environment in vivo. The results in a clinical study indicated that FBRA could be safely used for healthy adults. J. Med. Invest. 58: 235-245, August, 2011
1 0 0 0 OA Soy isoflavones and immunity
- 著者
- Tohru Sakai Mari Kogiso
- 出版者
- The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine
- 雑誌
- The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.55, no.3,4, pp.167-173, 2008 (Released:2008-09-17)
- 参考文献数
- 38
- 被引用文献数
- 80
The amount of soy products consumed in Japan is much greater than that in Western countries. Recent evidence indicates that soy isoflavones play a beneficial role in obesity, cancer, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. The soybean isoflavone genistein is present at high levels in soy products. Genistein is structurally similar to 17β-estradiol (E2), and genistein has been suggested to be act as E2 or an antagonist against E2. Genistein suppresses antigen-specific immune response in vivo and lymphocyte proliferation response in vitro. However, genistein enhances the cytotoxic response mediated by NK and cytotoxic T cells and the cytokine production from T cells. Thus, the effect of genistein on immunity is immune cell-dependent. Due to its unique effect on immune function, genistein has been used for the treatment of the diseases in animal models and it has been found that genistein inhibits allergic inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarize current studies related to the effect of isoflavone genistein on the immune system. J. Med. Invest. 55: 167-173, August, 2008