著者

Rihito Takisawa Takayuki Maruyama Tetsuya Nakazaki Keiko Kataoka Hiroki Saito Sota Koeda Tsukasa Nunome Hiroyuki Fukuoka Akira Kitajima

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-042, (Released:2017-03-03)

被引用文献数

20

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Parthenocarpy is a trait where fruit set and growth are triggered without pollination and fertilization. In the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), this trait is considered attractive as it reduces the cost and labor requirements for fruit setting. In this study, we investigated the inheritance of parthenocarpy in ‘MPK-1’—a parthenocarpic tomato cultivar derived from a cross between a variant from a self-fertilization posterity of ‘Severianin’, which exhibited strong parthenocarpy and a non-parthenocarpic cultivar. It was reported that ‘MPK-1’ contains a pat-2 gene because ‘Severianin’ which has a pat-2 gene is its only parthenocarpic ancestor. However, we found that parthenocarpy in ‘MPK-1’ is controlled by a novel parthenocarpic gene, not pat-2. This novel gene, which was designated as Pat-k, is semi-dominant and located on chromosome 1. We also showed that the size of the parthenocarpic fruit of ‘MPK-1’ is similar to that of the pollinated fruit at maturity. Thus, ‘MPK-1’ may be used as a new parthenocarpic resource for breeding.

著者

Xi Li Akira Kitajima Keiko Kataoka Rihito Takisawa Tetsuya Nakazaki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-054, (Released:2017-01-25)

被引用文献数

3

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Histological investigations of the fruit abscission zone and morphological changes in abscission zone cells in ponkan (C. reticulata Blanco), hyuganatsu (C. tamurana hort. ex Tanaka), ‘Kiyomi’ (C. unshiu × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), and satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) were conducted using detached fruits incubated in agar medium under 25°C, 4 weeks after anthesis during secondary physiological fruit drop. In the 96 h after the fruit abscission induction by detaching the fruits, the cumulative abscission ratio was 100% in ponkan, 22% in ‘Kiyomi’, and below 10% in hyuganatsu and satsuma mandarin. Fruit abscission began at 36 h in ponkan and ‘Kiyomi’, at 54 h in satsuma mandarin, and at 60 h in hyuganatsu after the fruit detachment. The fruit abscission zone was located on the connected part between the fruit and the disc in ponkan and hyuganatsu on the disc tissue in satsuma mandarin and ‘Kiyomi’. During the fruit abscission process, no abscission layer was observed at the abscission zone in these species and cultivars. Morphological changes in the abscission zone cells were determined by scoring cell changes (a score from 0 to 4) at five positions of the abscission zone. In ponkan, the morphological changes in the abscission zone cells, which began 30 h after fruit abscission induction, were synchronized in a symmetrical position in the abscission zone. The changes in ‘Kiyomi’ began at 30 h, and they consisted of a one sided collapse of the symmetrical position of the abscission zone. The changes in satsuma mandarin were similar to those in ‘Kiyomi’. This implies that the different patterns of morphological changes in the abscission zone cells in ponkan, ‘Kiyomi’, and satsuma mandarin depend on the different locations of their abscission zones. Overall, the results suggest that the cue for fruit abscission in early abscised fruit occurs until 30 h after blocking the carbohydrate translocation to the fruit under 25°C.

著者

Keiko Kataoka Kazuya Sugimoto Hiroaki Ohashi Hisashi Yamada

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-041, (Released:2016-12-03)

被引用文献数

9

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Tomato plants were grown with a drip irrigation system to evaluate the effects of a novel organo-mineral fertilizer [2:10:1 (w/w/w) mixture of calcium sulphate, ground rice bran, and humic acid] (OMF), which can mitigate salinity stress, on plant growth, fruit yield, and the incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) under salinity stress. Salinity stress was applied by drip irrigation with 50 mM of NaCl. Plant growth with OMF was lower than that with chemical fertilizer (CF). Higher levels of K and P were obtained in the leaves from plants grown with OMF. OMF inhibited Na accumulation and proline increase in the leaves and was considered to alleviate salinity stress. Salinity treatment caused a decrease in fruit weight and an increase in ascorbic acid, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and glutamic acid. Tomato plants grown with OMF had smaller fruit than with CF without salinity, but the incidence of BER under salinity was reduced by OMF. The water soluble Ca content of the distal half of young tomato fruit was significantly decreased with salinity treatment. The incidence of BER under salinity was significantly lower in OMF than in CF, but there was no difference in the concentration of every form of Ca between CF-salinity and OMF-salinity treatments. The reduction in BER incidence with OMF treatment could not be explained by the differences in Ca concentration. The mechanism of the reduction in BER with OMF was not clear, so further studies are necessary.

著者

Makoto Urai Keiko Kataoka Satoshi Nishida Kazuhisa Sekimizu

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5, pp.230-237, 2017-10-31 (Released:2017-11-22)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

7

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Vegetables are eaten as part of a healthy diet throughout the world, and some are also applied topically as a traditional medicine. We evaluated the innate immunostimulating activities of hot water extracts of various vegetables using the silkworm muscle contraction assay system, and found that broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. italica, contains a strong innate immunostimulant. We purified the innate immunostimulant from broccoli, and characterized the chemical structure by chemical analyses and NMR spectroscopy. The innate immunostimulant comprised galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, and rhamnose, and had a pectic-like polysaccharide structure. To determine the structural motif involved in the innate immunostimulating activity, we modified the structure by chemical and enzymatic treatment, and found that the activity was attenuated by pectinase digestion. These findings suggest that a pectic-like polysaccharide purified from broccoli has innate immune-stimulating activity, for which the polygalacturonic acid structure is necessary.

著者

Yoshikuni Kitamura Takafumi Watanabe Yukari Kato WeiWei Teoh Keiko Kataoka Yuki Yamaguchi Tomohiro Haruta Hideo Nishioka Kiyokazu Kametani

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-003, (Released:2018-06-19)

被引用文献数

1

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Information about mechanical reinforcement of decorative organs could help development of a novel technique that would give flowers with robust floral organs and broadly contribute to postharvest flower preservation. Hydrangeas (Hydrangea spp.) exhibit remarkable characteristics in terms of mechanical reinforcement of decorative sepals. Although decorative sepals at the flowering stage shrink when they are desiccated, decorative sepals after flowering maintain their shape even after desiccation. In this study, the lignifications of the vein cells in decorative sepals were analyzed using phloroglucinol/HCl-staining. The microstructure of the cell wall was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The three-dimensional structure of vein cells was analyzed using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). Tubular- and spindle-shaped dead cells with a lignified pitted secondary cell wall were observed around the vessel elements in decorative sepals after flowering. These cells were observed as living cells without a secondary cell wall in the veins of decorative sepals at flowering and in fully expanded leaves. Further, 10 hydrangea cultivars were analyzed for development of mechanical reinforcement in vein cells, and some of them were compared by desiccation testing. Decorative sepals of a cultivar lacking those cells exhibited shrinkage after flowering when they were desiccated. In conclusion, dead cells with a lignified pitted secondary cell wall contribute to the reinforcement of veins in decorative sepals of hydrangeas and become sclerified parenchyma cells. Axial parenchyma sclerifying in veins after flowering is essential for robust hydrangea floral organs and represent a new type of mechanical reinforcement tissue in plant decorative floral organs.

著者

Hisashi Yamada Shun Ito Daisuke Toshinari Keiko Kataoka Tsuyoshi Habu

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-097, (Released:2017-06-21)

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To apply the beneficial results obtained for potted citrus trees to field-grown ones, the effects of seawater application on soil electrical conductivity (EC), water relations, and fruit quality in field-grown satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) trees were determined. In 2010, periodical applications of smaller amounts of half-strength-diluted (1/2X) or undiluted seawater (1X) delayed the reduction of leaf water potential to the objective level at 0.3 to 0.5 MPa lower than that in the control, resulting in an insignificant increase in soluble solids content (SSC). Thus, half of the total amount of 1X per area applied in 2010 was irrigated once or twice in September in 2012 and 2013. Soil EC in 1X markedly increased after just the first application at above 1.8 dS·m−1 and was kept at a significantly higher level than in the control until harvest, although it gradually decreased by leaching due to rainfall. Leaf water potential at predawn was reduced by 1X and the objective value was achieved from early-October and mid-September to harvest in 2012 and 2013, respectively. SSC was higher in 1X than the control throughout the experimental period and the difference between 1X and the control at harvest was 1.4 and 1.2°Brix in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Other fruit quality parameters including titratable acidity (TA) were not significantly affected by seawater irrigation in either year, except for fruit size which was slightly inhibited in 1X. No difference was observed in the leaf chlorophyll index and abscission between 1X and the control, although the Na content in the leaves was increased in 1X. These results suggest that application of relatively higher amounts of undiluted seawater in the early stage of maturation could induce moderate salt or water stress through the inhibition of water absorption by roots and improve fruit quality by increasing SSC without any visible leaf injury in field-grown satsuma mandarin trees.

著者

Xi Li Akira Kitajima Tsuyoshi Habu Keiko Kataoka Rihito Takisawa Tetsuya Nakazaki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-145, (Released:2016-06-15)

被引用文献数

1

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A new method of inducing fruit abscission by incubating detached ovaries and fruits in agar medium was developed in citrus. Ovary and fruit abscission in the satsuma mandarin, ‘Kiyomi’, hyuganatsu, and ponkan during early physiological fruit drop was characterized using this method. For primary physiological fruit drop, the abscission of detached ovaries could be divided into three patterns, including an early type in hyuganatsu, a medium type in ‘Kiyomi’, and a late type in satsuma mandarin and ponkan. The cumulative abscission ratio of four species and cultivars was over 80% at 96 h after treatment. However, for secondary physiological fruit drop, the initiation of fruit abscission was earliest in hyuganatsu, and latest in satsuma mandarin. The cumulative abscission ratio was highest in ponkan at 84% and lowest in hyuganatsu at 6%. The pattern of abscission was different for primary and secondary physiological fruit drop in the four species and cultivars. High temperature promoted the abscission of detached ovaries and fruits in satsuma mandarin and ponkan. Leaf attachment suppressed fruit abscission in ‘Kiyomi’, hyuganatsu, and ponkan at 7 weeks after anthesis in 2012 and ponkan at 5 weeks after anthesis in 2013. Ovary and fruit abscission in four species and cultivars during early physiological fruit drop was characterized by incubating detached ovaries and fruits in agar medium.

著者

Hideyuki Nemoto Kazue Ikata Hideki Arimochi Teruaki Iwasaki Yoshinari Ohnishi Tomomi Kuwahara Keiko Kataoka

出版者

The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Medical Investigation (ISSN:13431420)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3,4, pp.235-245, 2011 (Released:2011-09-16)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

16

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The aim of this study is to investigate the prebiotic effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) on the intestinal environment in vitro and in healthy adults. Methods: Fresh fecal slurries from six healthy adults were incubated with FBRA to confirm prebiotic potentials of FBRA. Another thirty-six healthy adults were randomly allocated to 2 groups for the clinical study. Subjects consumed 21.0 g/day of either FBRA or control food for 2 weeks, followed by a 12-week intermission and then 2-week ingestion vice versa. Main outcome measures were bifidobacterial numbers and organic acid concentration in feces. Sub outcome measures were fecal microbiota, fecal environments and bowel function. Results: Incubation of fecal slurries with FBRA in vitro resulted in increased organic acids with individual-specific patterns. Bifidobacterial numbers were increased during incubation. In the clinical study, all participants safely completed this study. FBRA had little effect on fecal number of bifidobacteria, concentrations of organic acids or putrefactive metabolites, fecal pH, or fecal microbiota. Conclusion: FBRA has the potentials as a prebiotic, however, we could not detect its effects on the intestinal environment in vivo. The results in a clinical study indicated that FBRA could be safely used for healthy adults. J. Med. Invest. 58: 235-245, August, 2011