著者
Yasuhiro Miki Kiyoshi Ito
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.256, no.3, pp.187-195, 2022 (Released:2022-03-19)
参考文献数
64
被引用文献数
4

In situations of a disaster, it has been observed that the damage suffered by women and men is not equal. The vulnerability of women during disasters has been the focus of several studies and disaster management guidelines. Records show that there were more women victims than men victims in both the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995 and the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) in 2011. Biologically speaking, women are physically less fit than men are; hence, they are more susceptible to physical disabilities induced by disasters and may be disadvantaged in evacuation situations. However, vulnerability of women during disasters is a complex problem that involves physical fitness, as well as other various factors. In the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR) adopted in 2015, prioritized actions such as “Build Back Better” were defined based on the GEJE experiences. In the SFDRR, in addition to vulnerability of women during disasters, medical services including maternal, newborn, and child health and sexual and reproductive health are considered the key factors for disaster risk reduction. This has been discussed in all phases of disaster risk reduction planning and post-disaster response. These findings suggest that the role of obstetrics and gynecology is comprehensive and important as a part of disaster medicine at the local and national levels, as recommended in the SFDRR. In this review, we summarized the management of women’s health and gynecological responses during disasters and considered the importance of women as stakeholders in disaster risk reduction.
著者
Tsukasa Ohuchi Xueting Guan Masato Funayama
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.255, no.4, pp.275-281, 2021 (Released:2021-12-09)
参考文献数
9

Although the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, identification of victims is still ongoing. Typically, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is performed when it is difficult to identify an individual using nuclear DNA. In Japan, samples from criminal investigations are subjected to nuclear DNA testing at the Scientific Research Institute belonging to each prefectural police headquarters, while all mtDNA tests were originally conducted at the National Research Institute of Police Science. However, the appraisal work using mtDNA became more time-consuming as the number of target samples increased. Because our department is capable of performing mtDNA testing, the Miyagi Prefectural Police requested that our department perform mtDNA testing. Specifically, we focused on 16 individuals as putative candidates for 11 unidentified human remains; efforts to identify these remains were performed using samples from 20 relatives. These efforts positively identified six victims. This included confirmation that one corpse had originally been identified incorrectly. Although disasters of a similar scale can strike Japan again, there are limited facilities that can consistently perform mtDNA testing. Expensive sequencing machines and properly trained operators are essential for mtDNA testing, but they cannot be established at the forensic departments of all medical schools. There is thus an urgent need to establish core facilities at appropriate sites, such as Tohoku University in the Tohoku Region, to build a mtDNA testing system suitable for the aftermath of any disaster.
著者
Saira Baloch Mohsin Ali Baloch Tianli Zheng Xiaofang Pei
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.250, no.4, pp.271-278, 2020 (Released:2020-04-23)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
73 230

The present study provides an overview of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak which has rapidly extended globally within a short period. COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). SARS-CoV-2 is different from usual coronaviruses responsible for mild sickness such as common cold among human beings. It is crucial to understand the impact and outcome of this pandemic. We therefore overview the changes in the curves of COVID-19 confirmed cases and fatality rate in China and outside of China from 31st of December 2019 to 25th of March 2020. We also aimed to assess the temporal developments and death rate of COVID-19 in China and worldwide. More than 414,179 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported in 197 countries, including 81,848 cases in China and 332,331 outside of China. Furthermore, 18,440 infected patients died from COVID-19 infection; 3,287 cases were from China and 15,153 fatalities were reported worldwide. Among the worldwide infected cases, 113,802 patients have been recovered and discharged from different hospitals. Effective prevention and control measures should be taken to control the disease. The presented Chinese model (protocol) of disease prevention and control could be utilized in order to curb the pandemic situation.
著者
Nobue Saito Toshimi Sairenchi Fujiko Irie Hiroyasu Iso Kyoko Iimura Hiroshi Watanabe Takashi Muto Hitoshi Ota
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.229, no.3, pp.203-211, 2013 (Released:2013-02-27)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
13 18

Liver cancer a global public health concern and well known for poor prognosis. The association between low total cholesterol level and liver cancer has been reported. However, the association between low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and liver cancer is still unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between LDL cholesterol level and liver cancer mortality. A total of 16,217 persons (5,551 men and 10,666 women) aged 40-79 years in 1993 were followed until 2008. LDL cholesterol levels were divided into four categories (< 80 mg/dl, 80-99 mg/dl, 100-119 mg/dl, and ≥ 120 mg/dl). Hazard ratio of LDL cholesterol level for liver cancer mortality was calculated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Covariates were age, sex, alanine transaminase, body mass index, alcohol intake and smoking status, all of which were correlated with LDL cholesterol levels. There were 51 deaths (32 men and 19 women) from liver cancer. Multivariable hazard ratios of liver cancer deaths for LDL cholesterol levels of < 80 mg/dl was 4.33 (95% confident interval [CI]: 1.94, 9.68), for LDL cholesterol levels of 80-99 mg/dl was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.42, 2.53), and for LDL cholesterol levels of ≥ 120 mg/dl was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.92) compared with LDL cholesterol levels of 100-199 mg/dl (p for trend < 0.01). Therefore, low LDL cholesterol levels are associated with elevated risk of liver cancer mortality. Low LDL cholesterol may be a predictive marker for death due to liver cancer.
著者
Haneul Lee Jerrold S. Petrofsky JongEun Yim
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.237, no.1, pp.51-56, 2015 (Released:2015-09-03)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
8 13

Hormones such as estradiol have an effect on human connective tissue, making women more susceptible to knee injuries. Indeed, women have a greater risk for non-contact injuries of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) compared to men when participating in the same sports. The purpose of the present study was to examine the difference in ACL laxity after an eccentric exercise in the lower limbs in young healthy women between oral contraceptive pill (OCP) users and non-OCP users to see the effect of OCP on ACL laxity. Forty young healthy women participated in the experiments (25 with normal menstrual cycle and 15 with taking OCP). ACL laxity and a visual analog pain scale were measured before and after a bout of squat. OCP users had more pain than non-OCP users after heavy exercise (p < 0.001). Both groups showed a significant reduction in ACL laxity on the 2nd day after exercise (p < 0.05). While ACL laxity was always less in the OCP group, when expressed as a percent change from baseline, the ACL laxity change was similar in both groups (p > 0.05). We found that there was no statistically significant difference in ACL laxity recovery over time in response to the delayed onset muscle soreness after a bout of squat between two groups. However, health professionals working with young female adults should recognize that OCP users with less ACL laxity are at higher risk for having knee injuries because of ACL stiffness when doing exercise.
著者
Mitsutoshi Munakata Kaori Kobayashi Junko Niisato-Nezu Souichiro Tanaka Yosuke Kakisaka Takae Ebihara Satoru Ebihara Kazuhiro Haginoya Shigeru Tsuchiya Akira Onuma
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.214, no.4, pp.327-332, 2008 (Released:2008-04-26)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
18 24

Patients with severe neurological disorders often require enteral nutrition (EN). Since long-term EN can cause multiple complications, reinstating the oral intake of food is beneficial. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil (BPO), a strong appetite stimulant, was reported to facilitate swallowing in older people. Therefore, the effects of olfactory stimulation with BPO were investigated in pediatric patients receiving long-term EN due to neurological disorders. The effects of scenting with BPO for 1 min immediately before every meal were evaluated in ten patients: 4 boys and 6 girls, aged 19-97 months (51 ± 26 months). The neurological disorders included periventricular leukomalacia (3 patients), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (3), Costello syndrome (1), Russell-Silver syndrome (1), Miller-Dieker syndrome (1), and cerebral palsy of unknown etiology (1). In eight of these patients, BPO intervention was continued for 3 months. Five of these eight patients showed increases in the amount of oral intake with desirable effects including facilitated swallowing movement, although complete elimination of the need for EN was not achieved. In the other three patients, BPO intervention was not effective; severe cerebral tissue loss, profound malformation or intractable seizures seemed to reduce the efficacy of BPO. In two cases, BPO intervention was discontinued due to cough or because the odor of BPO was unbearable to the family. In conclusion, olfactory stimulation with BPO facilitated oral intake in a subset of patients on long-term EN. BPO stimulation may be useful for facilitating oral intake when used in combination with conventional methods.
著者
Yusaku Maeda Keita Fukushima Satomi Kyoutani James P. Butler Masahiko Fujii Hidetada Sasaki
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.252, no.3, pp.263-267, 2020 (Released:2020-11-10)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
4

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) challenge caregivers, leading to caregiver burden and subsequent nursing home or inpatient placement in a psychiatric hospital for dementia. Favorable positive emotions should be an important goal for the treatment of negative emotions of BPSD. Arts are one of the most profound areas to stimulate favorable emotions. We have asked a professional actor, who was not involved in the daily care and regular rehabilitations, to give a dramatic performance by reading selected stories as if the patients with BPSD felt to be in the audiences of a theater. We wondered whether a dramatic performance by the actor might be a way to respond to the complex needs of inpatients with BPSD, especially focused on favorable emotions. New inpatients (Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or dementia with Lewy bodies) were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 20) and a dramatic performance group (n = 14) in Sendai Tomizawa Hospital, a psychiatric hospital for dementia, in Japan. Dramatic performances were performed for one and half hours once per week for 3 months. Neuropsychiatric Inventory for BPSD decreased in both groups and delightful emotional index (DEI) for favorable emotions increased in the intervention group but not in the control group after 3 months. At 3 months, there was an increase of DEI in intervention group compared with control group. We conclude that dramatic performance may be one of the appropriate interventions in patients with BPSD, as it appears to help in their favorable emotional state.
著者
Tomomi Suda Aya Murakami Yayoi Nakamura Hiroyuki Sasaki Ichiro Tsuji Yumi Sugawara Kazuaki Hatsugai Masafumi Nishizawa Shinichi Egawa
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.248, no.2, pp.73-86, 2019 (Released:2019-06-08)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
2 11

The medical records of service in disaster provided at a place other than a medical facility are defined as disaster medical records (DMRs). In this epidemiological study, to clarify medical need characteristics and trends after disaster, we analyzed the all anonymized DMRs of Minamisanriku Town that lost medical facilities in 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and its consequent tsunami. After screening of duplicated or irrelevant documents, there were 10,464 DMRs with 18,532 diagnoses from March 11 through May 13. From 34 diagnostic groups according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10, we integrated diagnostic groups into five modules that might require treatment concepts of different types: non-communicable disease (NCD), infectious disease, mental health issue, trauma, and maternal and child health (MCH). Age and sex distributions of the patients were similar to those of population before the disaster. The largest diagnostic module was NCD (68%), followed by infectious disease (21%), mental health issues (6%), trauma (4%), and MCH (0.2%). The age-specific rate of NCD exhibited a similar or suppressed level from that of nationwide survey, with higher rate of pollinosis among young population. Infectious disease increased in most age groups but there was no apparent outbreak because of early interventions. Sleep deprivation was twice as frequent in middle-aged women, compared with men. Trauma and MCH were less frequent, but each exhibited a unique time trend. Trauma onset was continuously recorded, while MCH visits were concentrated on a specific day. The medical need after disaster dynamically changes, and appropriate anticipatory countermeasures are necessary.
著者
Haruhisa Ibayashi Yoshihisa Fujino Truong-Minh Pham Shinya Matsuda
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.215, no.3, pp.237-245, 2008 (Released:2008-07-19)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
33 45

In Japan, one of the duties of the long-term care insurance system is the prevention of oral function degradation. Although various exercise programs for oral function have been developed and practiced in Japan, to date, no study has reported their effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of an exercise program on oral functions in healthy elderly people. Healthy elderly people participated in the study and were randomly divided into intervention and control groups (39 subjects/group). The exercise program consisted of four exercises: exercise for expression muscles, tongue, salivary glands, and swallowing. Before and after a six-month intervention period, we evaluated changes in oral functions, namely bite force, swallowing ability, and salivary flow rate. Fifty-four subjects completed the study protocol: 26 and 28 subjects from intervention and control groups, respectively. A significant improvement in all oral functions, including bite force, swallowing ability, as well as unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate, was observed in the intervention group after six months, whereas no improvement was observed in the control group. Further, among the intervention group, a significant improvement in oral functions was observed in 17 subjects with 20 or more remaining teeth, whereas no improvement was observed in the other nine with less than 20 teeth. Our results suggest that oral functions significantly improve after conducting a six-month exercise program for oral function. Further, this improvement appears to be influenced by the number of remaining teeth.
著者
Mi Yang Jeon HyeonCheol Jeong SeungWon Lee Wonjae Choi Jun Hyuck Park Sa Jin Tak Dae Ho Choi Jongeun Yim
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.233, no.3, pp.183-188, 2014 (Released:2014-07-09)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
8 20

Because sleep comprises one-third of a person’s life, using an optimal pillow for appropriate neck support to maintain cervical curve may contribute to improve quality of sleep. Design of orthopedic pillow conforms to orthopedic guidelines to ensure the right support of the cervical curve. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of different pillow shape and content on cervical curve, pillow temperature, and pillow comfort. A feather pillow is regarded as a standard pillow, and a memory foam pillow is one of the most popular pillows among pillow users. We, therefore, compared these two pillows with an orthopedic pillow. Twenty healthy subjects (10 men and 10 women; age range, 21-30 years) participated in the study. Each subject was asked to assume the supine position with 3 different pillows for 30 minute in each trial and then cervical curve, pillow temperature, and pillow comfort were measured. When comparing the cervical curve of the 3 different pillows, that of the orthopedic pillow was significantly higher than that of the other 2 pillows (p < 0.001). The degree of temperature increase was significantly lower for the orthopedic pillow than for the memory foam and feather pillows (p < 0.001). The visual analog scale (VAS) score of pillow comfort was significantly higher in orthopedic pillow than the other 2 pillows. This study shows that pillow shape and content plays a crucial role in cervical curve, pillow temperature, and pillow comfort and orthopedic pillow may be an optimal pillow for sleep quality.
著者
Mari Yamasue Shin-ichi Nureki Hiroyuki Matsumoto Takamasa Kan Takehiro Hashimoto Ryoichi Ushijima Yuko Usagawa Jun-ichi Kadota
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.239, no.3, pp.223-230, 2016 (Released:2016-07-09)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
4 9

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare systemic disorder characterized by recurrent, widespread chondritis of the auricular, nasal, and tracheal cartilages. IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated disease characterized by the infiltration of IgG4-bearing plasma cells into systemic organs. Although 25% to 35% of patients with RP have a concurrent autoimmune disease, coexistence of RP and IgG4-RD is rare. We herein report a case of RP complicated by IgG4-RD. A 63-year-old man developed recurrent bilateral ear pain and swelling, recurrent blurred and decreased vision, and migratory multiple joint pain, sequentially within one year. Fourteen months after the first symptom, he experienced dry cough and dyspnea with exertion. A computed tomography (CT) scan detected interstitial pneumonia, swelling of bilateral submandibular glands, bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and several nodules in bilateral kidneys. His serum levels of IgG and IgG4 were elevated. The biopsy specimen of auricular cartilage showed infiltrations of inflammatory cells and fibrosis consistent with RP. The IgG4-positive cells were not observed in auricular cartilage. The patient met the diagnostic criteria of RP, including bilateral auricular chondritis, conjunctivitis, iritis and polyarthritis. The biopsy specimens of lung and kidney revealed the significant infiltrations of IgG4-positive plasma cells and fibrosis. We also diagnosed him as having IgG4-RD, affecting bilateral submandibular glands, hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, lungs, and kidneys. Thus, RP preceded the onset of IgG4-RD. Corticosteroid therapy improved the symptoms and CT scan findings. In conclusion, RP and IgG4-RD do coexist; however, the pathogenesis of their coexistence is unknown.
著者
山田 勝義
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.163-174, 1951-06-25 (Released:2008-11-28)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
7 11

The sensory terminations in clitoris in adult show remarkable develop-ment, compared with those in the embryo of 10th month, but with a exception of the intraepithelial fibres which exist no more even in the common epithelium remained in the radix clitoridis. Such a special corpusclar termination as having a swelling inner bulb in the embryo seems to beloiig to a Pacinian corpuscle, because it show in adult in its periphery the formation of some of lamellae. The corpusclar terminations except the Pacinian corpuscles in the external genitals in adult have long included Krause's end bulbs, Krause's genital bodies and Meissner's tactile bodies. But there is no essential difference between both of the formers. And the existence of the latters is denied too. The morphological difference of these bodies consists in the conditions of the arrangement of the sensory nerve fibres and special nuclei in the inner bulb. These terminal bodies are divided into 3 types. But, as they have morphologically more or less similarities, they should be called collectively the genital nerve bodies. Each termination of the type 1 and 2 has remarkable inner bulb, which is showed as a synchytium consisting of fine granular substance and special nuclei and considered to be of peripheral glia and of endocrine nature. The terminal bodies of the type 1 are characteristic with the glornerular arrangement of the nerve fibres extending widely in the whole territorium of the inner bulb, while the type 2 with the nerve distribution mainly in the center part of the inner bulb. The terminations of the type 3, which have no formation of the inner bulb and could be called the special ramified terminations too, are seen in general in the strong connective tissue, for example in the tunica albuginea of corpora cavernosa clitoridis. The thick medullated fibre loses its myelin just before the terminal formation and divides into many branches, which terminate with the. arrangement as seen in the type 2.
著者
Akio Hoshi Hiromi Watanabe Masatoshi Kobayashi Momoko Chiba Yutaka Inaba Naoto Kimura Takashi Ito
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.195, no.3, pp.163-169, 2001 (Released:2004-12-22)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
9 16

Trace elements in sweat during sauna bathing were assessed. Sweat collected by the whole body method was compared with that collected by the arm bag method. The sweat samples were collected from ten healthy male adults aged 22-26 years, by heat exposure in dry sauna bathing (60°C, 30 minutes). Concentrations of major (Na, Cl, K, Ca, P and Mg) and trace (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn) elements in sweat tended to be lower in the arm bag method than in the whole body method. It was found that Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations in the arm bag method were significantly lower than those in the whole body method. The amount of trace elements in sweat measured by the arm bag method was less than that by the whole body method; significant differences were observed in Fe and Mn amounts. These observations suggest that excretion of trace elements by sweating induces trace element decrease. Therefore, athletes and workers who work in a hot environment and sweat much habitually should ingest adequate amounts of trace elements.
著者
Arisa Sato Yoshinori Ohtsuka Yujiro Yamanaka
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.249, no.3, pp.193-201, 2019 (Released:2019-11-23)
参考文献数
45
被引用文献数
3 13

Postprandial glucose concentration is dependent on the time of day and its concentration in the morning is lower than in the evening. However, whether it is dependent on mastication at different times of the day has not been studied before. We hypothesized that mastication affects insulin-mediated glucose metabolism differently in the morning and evening in healthy individuals. Firstly, nine healthy male volunteers (22.0 ± 0.7 SEM years, body mass index 22.0 ± 1.0 kg/m2) performed a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). One week after the OGTT, they participated in a high-carbohydrate food (rice) consumption test with 10 or 40 chews per mouthful. Each experiment was conducted in the morning (0800 h) and evening (2000 h) on the same day. Blood samples were collected before and at 30-min intervals for 120 min after glucose or rice consumption. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose in the OGTT was significantly lower in the morning than in the evening, whereas the iAUC for insulin was similar at both times. In participants who chewed 40 times, the iAUC for glucose after rice consumption was significantly lower in the morning than in the evening but was similar at both times in individuals who chewed 10 times. Chewing 40 times in the morning (but not the evening) significantly increased insulin secretion at 30 min. This suggests that morning mastication improves early-phase insulin secretion after rice consumption. This novel finding may aid in reducing the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
著者
Osman Karakaya Abdulkadir Koçer Ali Metin Esen Ramazan Kargin Irfan Barutcu
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.225, no.1, pp.13-16, 2011 (Released:2011-08-11)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
4 8

Slow coronary flow (SCF) is characterized by delayed opacification of coronary arteries during coronary angiography and is associated with myocardial perfusion abnormalities, ischemia or myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that SCF could be a part of systemic circulatory abnormalities. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate whether cerebral blood flow velocity is altered in patients with SCF. The study included 16 patients suffering from chest pain with angiographically proven SCF and 16 subjects suffering from atypical chest pain with angiographically normal coronary flow. All study subjects were selected among those who undergone routine cardiac catheterization. SCF was defined based on thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count that reflects coronary artery flow. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count was significantly higher in patients with SCF than those with normal coronary flow. The average peak systolic, end diastolic and mean flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery were measured and recorded in both groups by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Baseline demographic properties were similar in both groups. Echocardiographic parameters were also similar in patients with SCF and those with normal coronary flow. In contrast, both right and left middle cerebral artery peak systolic, end diastolic and mean flow velocities were significantly lower in patients with SCF than those with normal coronary flow. We conclude that cerebral blood flow velocity is significantly lower in patients with SCF. SCF phenomenon may reflect a part of impaired systemic circulation.
著者
YASUO IIBUCHI KEIKO HIGA GORO MIMURA JOHN HASKEY
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.141, no.Suppl, pp.313-318, 1983 (Released:2008-11-28)
参考文献数
3

The authors selected 24 original papers which were regarded them as the epidemiological study and the statistical study from their titles, from the end of World War II to 1981. And these papers were selected from 3 medical journals of internal medicine, other medical journals and proceedings of 2 International Conferences (see Table 1), and also were the object of study, nemely, theoretical considerations. Besides we classified these 24 papers into 2 sorts; papers for an epidemiological study and a statistical study, and made a comparative study of details of these papers theoretically. As the result we were able to clarify what the anthers of 24 papers had considered about the natures of epidemiology and statistics as the science. It was clarified that two sciences, epidemiology and statistics, had been in the general trend without any recognition of the differences between twos. And as the conclusion we pointed out that the field of activity of statistics was broader than that of epidemiology, and the nature of statistics as the science might be changeable according to the object, moreover, statistical theory might be a branch of mathematics and so on.
著者
Reiko Saito Danjuan Li Chieko Shimomura Hironori Masaki Mai Q. Le Hang L.K. Nguyen Hien T. Nguyen Tu V. Phan Tien T.K. Nguyen Maki Sato Yasushi Suzuki Hiroshi Suzuki
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.210, no.1, pp.21-27, 2006 (Released:2006-09-06)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
13 20

An off-season community influenza outbreak with high prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza A/H3N2 occurred during September-October 2005 in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, prior to standard influenza circulation. A total of 48 patients with influenza-like-illness (ILI) visited a clinic during the outbreak and 27 (69.2%) of 39 ILI patients were positive for influenza A with rapid antigen testing (Quick Vue Rapid SP Influ). Nine patients were not tested because their symptoms were compatible for influenza without examination. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 4 of 27 rapid test positive patients, and influenza H3N2 strain was isolated from one out of four. The 4 nasopharyngeal samples were positive for influenza A M2 gene in polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing results all showed identical mutation at position 31, serine to asparagine (S31N) in the gene, conferring amantadine resistance. The phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences of the 4 samples formed a distinct cluster (named clade N) from recent circulating H3N2 strains, characterized by dual mutations at position 193, serine to phenylalanine (S193F), and at position 225, asparatic acid to asparagine (D225N). Our findings suggested that an off-season community influenza outbreak in Nagasaki was caused by a distinct clade in H3N2 (named clade N), which possessed characteristics of amantadine resistance.
著者
Junko Okuyama Shuji Seto Yu Fukuda Shunichi Funakoshi Shintaro Amae Jun Onobe Shinichi Izumi Kiyoshi Ito Fumihiko Imamura
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.253, no.3, pp.203-215, 2021 (Released:2021-03-26)
参考文献数
111
被引用文献数
66

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is causing disruptions in the global social system. Japanese children and adolescents have had their schools closed, government-mandated activity restrictions imposed, and interactions outside the home reduced. These restrictions can have a considerable psychological impact on children and adolescents. This review aims to describe the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and psychological status of this population. The review was conducted by searching PubMed for information on the impact of COVID-19−related activity restrictions on children and adolescents. The search identified 11 articles, three of which contained data on anxiety and psychological problems due to physical inactivity. Next, a PubMed search was conducted about physical activity and psychological status in children and adolescents under psychological stress. The search identified 368 articles, 28 of which were included in the review. For children, data that revealed a correlation between physical activity and psychological health and sedentary time leading to mood disorders were included. For adolescents, there were nine studies that reported a correlation between physical activity and psychological health and four studies that reported no correlation between physical activity and psychological health. Of the studies that reported a correlation, seven reported that physical activity improves psychological health. The impact of psychologically stressful situations such as COVID-19 on children and adolescents has been experienced worldwide. Physical activity has been correlated with psychological health, and it may improve psychological status; physical activity should be recommended to better support the psychological health of children and adolescents under the influence of COVID-19.
著者
Man Ho Choi
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.253, no.3, pp.171-180, 2021 (Released:2021-03-13)
参考文献数
90
被引用文献数
7

Despite ongoing concerns regarding its clinical application, mass spectrometry (MS)-based steroid assay represents a promising tool in endocrine research. Recent studies indicate that monitoring the blood levels of individual sterols provides improved diagnostic insight into hyperlipidemia compared with immunoassays routinely used in clinical practice. Hypercortisolism and hyperaldosteronism can also be easily evaluated along with successful subtyping of adrenal diseases using MS-based methods, while metabolic signatures of sex steroids provide experimental evidence of abnormal puberty and male infertility. Many MS-based biological and clinical studies are based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) coupled to electrospray ionization and tandem MS scan modes. However, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provides better chromatographic separation. Improved chromatographic resolution enables large-scale steroid profiling to allow a bird-eye view and increase the chances of identifying potent biomarkers in endocrine research. In addition to the technical advantages of MS-based assays over immunoassays, minimizing the sample amounts with acceptable analytical sensitivity and standardization of surrogate materials provides cutting-edge tools for precision and personalized medicine.
著者
Masashi Uehara Yukio Nakamura Jun Takahashi Mikio Kamimura Shota Ikegami Takako Suzuki Shigeharu Uchiyama Tomomi Yamaguchi Tomoki Kosho Hiroyuki Kato
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.242, no.2, pp.115-120, 2017 (Released:2017-06-16)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
10 18

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited bone disorder that causes fractures due to impaired production of collagen type I. In recent years, denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), has become widely used as an anti-osteoclastic agent for osteoporosis. This study investigated osteoporotic cases of OI to examine effects of denosumab on bone fragility. This was a retrospective, consecutive case series that included 3 female patients aged 42, 40, and 14 years, respectively. One patient carries a point mutation (c.G769A) in the COL1A1 gene, encoding collagen type I alpha 1 chain, which causes an amino-acid substitution (p.G257R). By contrast, no mutation was found in the analyzed regions of the OI responsive genes in another two patients (mother and daughter). These three patients underwent subcutaneous injection of denosumab every 6 months. All patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement of the lumbar 1-4 spine (L-BMD) and bilateral hips (H-BMD) before and during treatment. BMD and laboratory data were evaluated before, between 2 and 4 months, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of therapy. No fractures or severe side effects, such as hypocalcemia, were observed during denosumab treatment. Both L-BMD and H-BMD were increased by denosumab. At 24 months, the mean percentage changes in L-BMD and H-BMD were 14.7% and 15.1%, respectively. In conclusion, no bone fragility fractures occurred during 2 years of denosumab administration in OI patients. Denosumab therefore is a good therapeutic option in the OI patients.