著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

鹿屋体育大学

雑誌

学術研究紀要 (ISSN:13426613)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.165-176, 1992-03

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.61-69, 2019 (Released:2022-07-20)

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.10-20, 2018 (Released:2022-07-20)

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

鹿屋体育大学

雑誌

学術研究紀要 / 鹿屋体育大学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.81-86, 1995-03-01

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.10-20, 2006-10-24 (Released:2018-02-01)

---

The reason why the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology has placed severe restraints on preimplantation genetic diagnosis of embryos (PGD) since 1998 lies, except in the fear that PGD will cause discrimination against handicapped people as well as result in life screening, in the following two assertions. (A) PGD technique is still in its research phase, it has low accuracy and its safety has not been established. (B) Restraints will act as a brake on reckless applications, i.e. on commercialistic developments, of PGD. (For example, the clinical application of PGD not only to genetic diseases or recurrent spontaneous abortion due to chromosomal abnormalities, but also to genetic enhancement of mind and body on non-medical grounds) However, the former assertion is being denied by the latest study of actual results over a period of 10 years at the world's three most active PGD centers (the Reproductive Genetics Institute, in Chicago, Illinois; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, West Orange, New Jersey; and SISMER, Bologna, Italy) by Dr. Munne's team. According to Dr. Munne's article (Over a decade of experience with preimplantation genetic diagnosis: a multicenter report. Fertil Steril 82: 292-294, 2004), a total of 754 babies have been born from 4,748 PGD attempts at these three centers, with 207 pregnancies still ongoing. Five misdiagnoses following PGD practice (three cases of trisomy 21, one case of cystic fibrosis and one case of fragile-X syndrome) have been published. The safety of the PGD process is validated by the estimated number of already more than 1000 apparently healthy children born after PGD worldwide. As for the latter assertion, we are of the opinion that this ethical position and the long delay in gaining permission for a single case, discriminates against couples who undergo PGD for reasons of infertility as well as fertile couples who consider this technique for reasons of recurrent pregnancy loss or for being at risk of transmitting genetic diseases to their offspring. Considering the usefulness of PGD in alleviating the load on the mother's womb by pre-birth diagnosis, all applications of PGD based on medical grounds (such as genetic diseases or recurrent spontaneous abortion due to chromosomal abnormalities) should be approved.

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.167-175, 2003-10-05 (Released:2018-02-01)

---

The medical staff of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kagoshima University was considering plans to conduct clinical trials to test the embryos of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, but they were unable to gain approval from the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Groups and organizations that support the handicapped pointed out that there are problems with trying to make life and death decisions based on such tests. They argued that such testing implies a desire to lower the level of social services for the handicapped and to inflame the public's prejudices. In other words, the tests are considered as another example of discrimination towards families with a history of genetic disease, in the tradition of discrimination in jobs and marriage. However, as long as the freedom of the clients (the parents of the unborn child) for whom the tests are conducted is preserved, and their right to decide what to do with the results is protected, this reproduction medical technology does not threaten the constitutional rights of the handicapped, as provided in Articles 13, 14, and 25 of the Japanese Constitution. Allowing parents to decide whether to give birth to a handicapped child is not inconsistent with a policy aimed at improving welfare services.

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

密教研究会

雑誌

密教文化 (ISSN:02869837)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1987, no.158, pp.81-92, 1987-03-21 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

密教研究会

雑誌

密教文化 (ISSN:02869837)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1984, no.146, pp.30-41, 1984-03-21 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.167-175, 2003

---

The medical staff of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kagoshima University was considering plans to conduct clinical trials to test the embryos of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, but they were unable to gain approval from the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Groups and organizations that support the handicapped pointed out that there are problems with trying to make life and death decisions based on such tests. They argued that such testing implies a desire to lower the level of social services for the handicapped and to inflame the public's prejudices. In other words, the tests are considered as another example of discrimination towards families with a history of genetic disease, in the tradition of discrimination in jobs and marriage. However, as long as the freedom of the clients (the parents of the unborn child) for whom the tests are conducted is preserved, and their right to decide what to do with the results is protected, this reproduction medical technology does not threaten the constitutional rights of the handicapped, as provided in Articles 13, 14, and 25 of the Japanese Constitution. Allowing parents to decide whether to give birth to a handicapped child is not inconsistent with a policy aimed at improving welfare services.

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

日本生命倫理学会

雑誌

生命倫理 (ISSN:13434063)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.63-71, 2013-09-26 (Released:2017-04-27)

---

平成24年7月11日付読売新聞紙上に、大谷徹郎医師が流産予防目的で、日産婦学会未承認の染色体数的異常の検査に新型PGDを無申請で適用したと公表した。それに伴い、日産婦学会は7月27日に【「着床前診断」報道に関する日本産科婦人科学会の声明】を出して、「その行為を決して容認しない」と旗幟を鮮明にした。そこで本稿では、大谷医師の画期的な治療成果が惹起する新事態と新型PGDの適用に際して今後解決されるべき生命倫理のボトルネックを指摘するとともに、そのボトルネックについて倫理的考察を加える。日産婦学会の方針は論理的整合性を欠く。

著者

児玉 正幸 Masayuki Kodama コダマ マサユキ

出版者

鹿屋体育大学

雑誌

学術研究紀要 / 鹿屋体育大学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.1-8, 2005-10

著者

児玉 正幸

出版者

鹿屋体育大学

雑誌

学術研究紀要 (ISSN:13426613)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.1-8, 2005-09