著者

佐藤 真理子 小島 みさお 豊島 泰生 坂本 紀子 田村 照子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.7, pp.477-485, 2006 (Released:2007-10-12)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 2

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The comfort of sanitary napkins was examined by means of a questionnaire and through a wearing test. In the wearing test, the microclimate, both the temperature and humidity inside and outside of sanitary napkins, were measured every 10 seconds for 2h. Subjects consisted of 15 young healthy women who sat on chairs for 60 min, then stood and walked for 3 min, and again sat for 57 min under the experimental condition of 26°C and 60% RH. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The questionnaire showed that more than 60% of the subjects complained of sultriness discomfort during the menstruation period; 2) The wearing test showed that a high-humidity climate was formed in the space between the napkin and the skin, which caused subjective discomfort; 3) The correlation between the discomfort from the sanitary napkins and the difference in absolute humidity inside and outside of the napkins suggested that the discomfort from napkins could be reduced by a freer flow of water vapor.

著者

坂本 紀子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.32-44, 2011-10-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the elementary education systems that the Hokkaido government put into operation in 1887. The following questions will be addressed through a study of Oyafune town, 9 towns and 3villages in Ishikari district: how did Hokkaido settlers establish and maintain elementary schools under the revised regulations, and what kind of role did these schools play among the settlers? In 1886, the Meiji government reexamined Hokkaido development policy. The next year, the Hokkaido government reformed the elementary education system and issued the following educational ordinances and regulations: regulations of elementary schools and Shogaku-kan'ika, regulation on town and village elementary schools, the official order regarding annual expenses for town and village elementary schools, and the regulation on the establishment change, and abolition of schools. The purpose of many of these regulations was to allow the Hokkaido government save on educational expenses and prioritize industry and development over public education. For this reason, approximately 96% of schools were Shogaku-kan'ika. The characteristic of Shogaku-kan'ika in Hokkaido was different from that of the mainland. The tuition fees were collected and the curriculum included "business exercises." The purpose of Shogaku-kan'ika was not to allow children to attend school, but to promote industry and development, and to secure a steady work force, while abolishing government subsidies, and placing the burden of educational expenses upon the settlers. In actuality, the settlers trying to forge new communities, would not defer educational opportunities school education was indispensable in the formation of the community. In addition, most settlers expected the establishment of elementary schools and upper elementary schools. For Hokkaido's inhabitants, schools were a symbol of the-"development" -of their new community. In this way, when the history of education in Hokkaido is separated from the reality of communities, we see that the education system that the Hokkaido government established was unsuitable to the actual circumstances of Hokkaido settlers. The people of Hokkaido actually paid for the bulk of school expenditures including their establishment and maintenance. By understanding this, the history of education in Hokkaido under modern Japan's Hokkaido development policy becomes clear.

著者

坂本 紀子 菅野 早彩

出版者

北海道教育大学

雑誌

北海道教育大学紀要. 教育科学編 (ISSN:13442554)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.37-47, 2021-08

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2013(平成25)年2月26日,「道徳教育の充実に関する懇談会」が文部科学省に設置された。新しい学習指導要領には,その懇談会で議論された内容が反映されている。本稿は,道徳を教科化することを前提に開催された懇談会での議論の過程を整理し,さらに,教科化に対する批判的見解についても取り上げ検討する。それら両者を対照させることによって,道徳教育が有している問題や,今後の課題について考察するものである。

著者

坂本 紀子

出版者

日本教育史研究会 ; 1982-

雑誌

日本教育史研究 = Journal of Japanese history of education (ISSN:02864061)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.1-23, 2017-08

著者

坂本 紀子

出版者

教育史学会

雑誌

日本の教育史学 : 教育史学会紀要 (ISSN:03868982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.19-31, 2014-10-01

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In February, 1898, the Hokkaido government promulgated the regulation of Kan'i-kyoiku, or simplified education. The purpose of this paper is to consider the regulation of Kan'i-kyoiku with a focus on elementary school attendance rates. In the late 1890s, the Hokkaido government encouraged settlement in order to promote development. However, Hokkaido settlers were unable to establish elementary schools because of a lack of education subsidies and local financial difficulties. As a result, elementary school attendance rates dropped and stagnated. In order to address this problem, the Hokkaido government issued the Kan'i-kyoiku regulation. As a result, elementary school attendance rates in Hokkaido rose, although the policy allowed for "simplified" elementary schools facilities and curriculum in case of regional financial difficulties. The Hokkaido government revised the regulation three times. Despite that fact, the regulations allowed for the continuation of simplified elementary school in financially weak areas, with no real consideration for the establishment of normal elementary schools. In brief, Kan'i-kyoikujo raised elementary school attendance rates while creating a stratification of elementary institutions according to regional financial variation.