1 0 0 0 OA 「暴力の哲学」に向けて 暴力とは何か、いかにして回避されうるか
1 0 0 0 OA 合意形成の倫理的基礎づけについて
- 著者
- 坪井 雅史
- 出版者
- 日本医学哲学・倫理学会
- 雑誌
- 医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.30, pp.30-39, 2012-09-30 (Released:2018-02-01)
When we discuss medical technology or its application to healthcare, we often refer to "consensus building." However, we rarely hear this term used in the context of discussions concerning ethics. Consensus alone cannot guarantee ethical behavior, however, and so there is a need to consider possible ways of justifying the application of consensus to ethics, as well as to develop a mode of consensus building that is ethically appropriate. At the outset of this study, I introduce prior Japanese scholarship related to this issue, as a means of prefacing my discussion. Next, I suggest that the narrative method can play a positive role in the consensus building process. More specifically, in the context of a discussion of advanced medical technology, I state that "narrative consensus building" plays an important role. This is due to the fact that we are required to evaluate such advanced medical technologies during the long process through which they come to be accepted within societies. The question of whether these technologies should be accepted cannot be answered only through cost-benefit analysis. Therefore, we need to adopt a narrative mode of thought when pursuing a process of consensus building. Finally, I take up the role of bioethicists in the process of consensus building. First, they can be the facilitators of such discussions. Secondly, they can serve as narrators themselves, producing the narratives that make it possible to imagine a future society within which we have adopted advanced medical technologies.
1 0 0 0 OA 生命倫理学への物語的アプローチについて
- 著者
- 坪井 雅史
- 出版者
- 日本医学哲学・倫理学会
- 雑誌
- 医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, pp.1-11, 2000-12-15 (Released:2018-02-01)
In recent years, 'narrative' has become a matter of remarkable concern in many research areas. Bioethics is one of these areas. It is said, "one of the recent developments in the field of bioethics has been an engagement with narrative". In health care, each patients' illness narrative, the medical staffs' listening of the story, and making a narrative that can provide richly rendered ethics cases, etc., are significant practices that attract our attention. If we want to understand moral problems in health care, it is helpful to use a literary account that places issues in a context of the lives and activities of particular characters. In philosophy and ethics, narratives deserve attention from those who research the relationship between the narrative, personal identity, and moral reasoning. Personalist moral philosophers, especially, who criticize the impartialist system of moral reasoning, have conjoined the narrative and ethics. The critical method of narrative studies can assist the analysis of moral problems. On the grounds of such research, a concern with the nature of narrative should be of pivotal concern to bioethics because the ethics case is central to the discipline. I make clear, in this paper, the significance of narrative in philosophy, health care, ethics and bioethics, and then discuss why we should use the narrative in the study of bioethics.
1 0 0 0 OA プライバシーと自己決定権の限界:情報倫理学的知見と歴史的事例からの考察
本研究においては、①最新の社会・技術動向に照らして大学教養課程向けの情報倫理学教科書を改訂して基本的な情報倫理学概念を確認し、②情報倫理学の歴史を整理し、あわせて、③プライバシーと自己決定権に関する議論を概観したうえで、④ソーシャルメディアによる個人をターゲットとした世論操作の可能性や、⑤サーチエンジンの検索結果表示アルゴリズムなどによるプライバシーや自律への影響の問題などの考察を行った。これらの成果を踏まえ、研究成果の一部を書籍として刊行した。同書『情報倫理-技術・プライバシー・著作権』(みすず書房)は、公益財団法人電気通信普及財団第33回(2017年度)テレコム社会科学賞奨励賞を受賞した。