著者

大場 健吉 杉山 豊樹 三浦 千明 森崎 やよい

出版者

日本水産學會

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.8, pp.1001-1008, 1977

被引用文献数

5 4

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In case of evaluating possible effects on fish of lower levels of anionic surfactants present in the natural aquatic environment, the authors thought that it wax necessary to examine the effect of LAS on Japanese killifish, <i>Oryzias latipes</i>, in a dynamic system taking account of molecular change caused by biodegradation.<br> Considering the decrease in surfactant molecules and the changes in the distribution of the homologues and isomers of LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), the influence of LAS in the course of biodegradation on the mortality and hatchability of Japanese killifish was determined using a continuous flow river model. And there results was compared with the case of intact LAS in a static bioassay system.<br> It was shown that biodegraded LAS was less toxic for every stage of killifish in the river model than was intact LAS in the static bioassay. The longer alkyl chain homogues and external phenyl isomers, although more toxic for fish, were more rapidly biodegraded. To evaluate the effects of easily biodegradable chemicals such as LAS present in the natural aquatic the effects of easily biodegradable chemicals such as LAS present in the natural aquatic environment on aquatic organisms, the use of river models appears to be a promising new technique for the study of various environmental factors, e.g., biodegradation.

著者

大場 健吉

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.6, pp.494-511, 1971-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

1 4

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Most houses in Japan were provided with cesspool- or septic tank-percolation field system for domestic sewage disposal. The author carried out a two-year test on biodegradation of linear aklylate sulfonate (LAS) under the cesspool-percolation field, prior to the detergent conversion to biodegradable surfactants. Good drainage was sustained with the test LAS cesspool in comparison with the former ABS cesspool; so the test cesspool-percolation field system maintained an unsaturated soil condition.Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, analysis on bacterial flora of the LAS cesspool was carried out on soil and waste taken from the cesspool. Among LAS assimilable bacterial species as Micrococcus, Aerobacter, Flavobacter, Paracolobactrum, Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas, a Pseudomonas sp. appeared to play the main role in the process of surfactant biodegradation. The Pseudomonas was named as Pseudomonas surfactassimilas nov. sp..Taxonomical characteristics of Pseudomonas surfactassimilas nov. sp. are as follows;The strain is Gram-negative rods and motile with a polar flagellum. Branching is not found.Rods: 0.4 to 0.6 by 1.2 to 1.5 microns.Nutrient agar colonies: Circular, smooth, entire, flat, yellowish gray.Nutrient agar slant: smooth, glistening, transluent, yellowish gray, medium unchanged.Potato: Growth moderate, creamy to yellowish gray.Litmus milk: Unchanged.Aerobic, facultative.Non fluorescence on King's media.Catalase: Negative.Kovacs' oxidase test: Positive.Gelatin Stab: No liquefaction.Nitrates: Not reduced.Acetylmethyl carbinol: Not produced.Urease: Negative.Indol: Not produced.Hydrogen sulfide: Not produced.Ammonium citrate: Not utilized.Starch: Not hydrolyzed.Casein: Not hydrolyzed.Cellulose: Not attacked.Glucose, lactose, sucrose: Not fermented.Citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid: Used as a sole source of carbon.Valeric acid, propionic acid, butyric acid: Not utilized as a sole source of carbon, but used under existence of vitamins.Phenol (1%): Growth observed after twice inoculation on synthetic broth as a sole source of carbon.Surfactants with straight alkyl chain: Utilized as a sole source of carbon.Temperature relations: 20-37°C, optimum 30°C.Optimum pH: 7.0Source: Isolated from soil and waste of cesspool.When waste water was treated under aerobic circumstances, surfactants with straight alkyl chain could be decomposed by biological oxidation to the extent comparable with, or more than, the degradation of general organic substances. The cesspool-percolation field system easily maintained an unsaturated condition to avoid excessive ponding in the percolation field by periodic supply of waste water which provided aerobic condition.

著者

戸谷 永生 渡辺 晃 大場 健吉

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

油化学 (ISSN:18842003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.5, pp.328-331, 1987

被引用文献数

1 16

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r-リノレン酸やイコサペンタエン酸のような高度不飽和脂肪酸は, 現在, 微生物を用いて大量に合成されるが, アラキドン酸の生産法は低収率のため, まだ検討の余地があると考えられる。アラキドン酸含有脂質を効率よく得るために, <I>Martierella alpina</I>をポテトペースト・デキストロース培地上で培養する際の詳細な条件を, 培地中のデキストロース濃度, 微量金属の添加, 培地層厚, pHの点から検討した。その結果, 菌糸と菌床を6%のデキストロースとCaCl<SUB>2</SUB>・2H<SUB>2</SUB>O 750mg/kg培地を含む厚さ2mmの培地上で, 20℃20d間培養する条件を選定した。乾燥菌体よりそれらの脂質を抽出し脂肪酸分析したところ, アラキドン酸の収量は13.1g/kg培地となった。

著者

大場 健吉 武井 玲子

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

油化学 (ISSN:18842003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.161-170, 1985-03-20 (Released:2010-02-19)

参考文献数

50