著者

実森 正子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.37-45, 2009 (Released:2009-07-28)

参考文献数

51

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Dogs have shared a common environment and similar selective pressures with humans through the time of domestication. About 60 years ago, Lorenz (1949) proposed that in many ways dogs are possibly more human-like than any other animals, including nonhuman primates. Only recently, however, scientific studies have evinced the specialized social skills of dogs. The relationships between humans and domestic dogs have deepened and changed, which highlighted or rather increased practical and ethical problems on the relationship between these two species. Some dogs are considered as members of the family, while some others are ill-treated and abandoned due to their behavior problems. In an attempt to examine how animal psychology can contribute to the dog-human relationship in modern society, this article reviews the application of behavior technology to behavior problems of dogs, the problems arising from the massive disparities in the treatment of dogs, and the view and traditional attitude towards animals in the theories of animal ethics.

著者

実森 正子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.7-18, 2013 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

46

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The field of animal learning and behavior has a long history and continues to contribute in important ways to the understanding of cognitive processes in different animal species as compared to human beings. Animals have considerable flexibility to optimize their behaviors in solving particular problems as well as coping with ever-changing circumstances. Research on learning mechanisms from a comparative perspective may deepen our understanding of functional significance of cognitive behaviors of both human and nonhuman species. Examples are taken from studies of list memory, categorization, formation and expansion of equivalence relations among physically different stimuli, and visual search for category.

著者

実森 正子

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.4_86-4_88, 2011-04-01 (Released:2011-08-18)

参考文献数

6

著者

関口 勝夫 牛谷 智一 実森 正子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.95-105, 2011 (Released:2011-07-15)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1 1

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Two experiments investigated the processing of global and local information by pigeons. In Experiment 1, pigeons were trained to discriminate four hierarchical stimuli composed of two letters at global level and two other letters at local level. Color frames predicted the level to be tested in the subsequent two-alternative forced-choice test. The pigeons learned to discriminate the global/local compound stimuli and then showed successful transfer to the stimuli composed of novel letters that were irrelevant to the subsequent test. In Experiment 2, new pigeons were trained with the stimuli that had relevant letters only at one level. The local-relevant and global-relevant stimuli appeared in alternating daily sessions, so that the daily context allowed attention to be directed to the appropriate level. Performances on probe trials for the familiar training stimuli and novel global/local compound stimuli were compared under the context-consistent and context-inconsistent conditions. The tests revealed a cognitive precedence for local information of the compound stimuli.

著者

坂上 貴之 山本 淳一 実森 正子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.395-411, 1994-12-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

145

被引用文献数

1

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As the opportunity to contact with related areas has increased, the study of the experimental analysis of behavior has experienced revolutionary changes. Some of the most active and important areas-studies of choice, comparative cognition, and human language-are reviewed to acquaint readers. Studies of CHOICE have linked to the molar theories of behavioral economics and behavioral ecology, which promoted research of choice by animals under uncertainty conditions. Further approach has been made to integrate the molar and molecular analyses on the basis of the ideas of behavior dynamics. COMPARATIVE COGNITION is a part of a larger field including cognitive science, behavioral neuroscience, and biological science. Recent developments, aided with a comparative perspective, made significant contributions to our understanding of the phylogeny and ontogeny of cognition. Advances in analysis of human behavior provided tools to study behavioral aspects of semantics, syntax, and pragmatics of HUMAN LANGUAGE. Using the paradigm of stimulus equivalence, the emergence of stimulus relations, stimulus-stimulus networks, hierarchical structure of verbal behavior, and other language-related behaviors have been investigated.

著者

実森 正子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.62.2.1, (Released:2012-12-16)

参考文献数

46

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The field of animal learning and behavior has a long history and continues to contribute in important ways to the understanding of cognitive processes in different animal species as compared to human beings. Animals have considerable flexibility to optimize their behaviors in solving particular problems as well as coping with ever-changing circumstances. Research on learning mechanisms from a comparative perspective may deepen our understanding of functional significance of cognitive behaviors of both human and nonhuman species. Examples are taken from studies of list memory, categorization, formation and expansion of equivalence relations among physically different stimuli, and visual search for category.