- 著者
- 鈴木 明 山名 善之
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.84, no.759, pp.1271-1277, 2019 (Released:2019-05-30)
- 参考文献数
- 16
- 被引用文献数
- 1 1
Le Corbusier’s Modulor is a theory of dimension and scale for architects. The Modulor replaced the dimensional standards, principles of Purism, and tracés régulateurs used in achieving the “machine aesthetic” advocated by Le Corbusier during the 1920s, and it brought harmony to both the interior and exterior of buildings such as the postwar Unité d’Habitation in Marseille, the Cabanon, and works of religious architecture. Why does the Modulor’s human figure raise its left arm? Despite the wide dissemination of this distinctive posture and physique, what role the human figure played in the Modulor research, and what it brings to the theory, remains unknown. The human figure in the Modulor is not merely a diagram or explanation of the theory, but also at the heart of the theory. In this paper, by tracing mutual adjustments between theory and bodily expression (part and posture) at each stage of the formation of the theory, we argue that there was a deliberate transition in graphic representation. Next, the freedom of behavior attained by the Modulor's “arm-raising body” in comparison with the “mechanical body” of modern aesthetics, mathematicians and architects, was a criticism of the efficiency of diagrammatic representations of the human body. The standards that motivated the Modulor research arose from the modern knowledge that supported mass production and allowed its distribution across languages and national boundaries. It is shared by Le Corbusier's advocacy of “machines for living” and his artistic movement Purism, as well as modern art in general, including the Bauhaus and other architectural movements. But under the “total warfare” policy of the Nazi regime in Germany, Neufert-based standards were adopted not only in ordinary mass housing, but also for maximum efficiency in the planning of concentration camps, and for forced labor by national prisoners of war. The expression of the body in the Modulor made diverse and free behavior possible through a relaxation of the whole body. The posture of raising the right arm indicates the height of the space unavailable for labor/production. Such a posture is irrelevant to functionalist thinking and efficiency-oriented human understanding. However, for architects it is an everyday attitude, a posture that confirms the height of the ceiling. With this posture the Modulor critiqued the mechanical body, including the Neufert body, and discovered a free space that cannot be grasped by spatial concepts and may be considered a meaningful space. The purpose of this paper is to use these issues to clarify the function and role of the human figure in the formation of the theory of the Modulor.
- 著者
- 横尾 真 山名 善之 岩岡 竜夫
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.80, no.712, pp.1463-1471, 2015
This study aims to clarify architects' thoughts of “AÉRO-CLUB ROLAND-GARROS À BUC”, which is the relationship between features and building components. It is about the features such as floor planning, concept of space, structure type, facility planning and also about the building components such as the assembly system as well as the list of all parts. The composition of this study includes the analysis of the features of this building and the analysis of the technological aspect of the building components. Finally, we discuss what kind of relationship the two has.
- 著者
- 横尾 真 山名 善之 岩岡 竜夫
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.21, no.48, pp.853-858, 2015
This study aims to clarify the design feature of Maison du Peuple de Clichy, which is located in the northwest of Paris and was designed by French architects in the late 1930’s. As repair works have been carried out in recent years, it became possible for us to analyze this building. We are specifically focusing on the composition of each floor plan, the structure frame and two technical features. One is the prefabricated curtain wall panel which was the first in the world. The other is the system of moveable elements which can be used either as a market, a conference room or a cinema.
1 0 0 0 「ヴァカンス用住宅BLPS」にみられる建物の特徴と構成部品の関係
- 著者
- 横尾 真 山名 善之 岩岡 竜夫
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.739, pp.2421-2429, 2017-09
“Maison démontable en ancier B. L. P. S.” was designed by French architects Eugene Beaudouin, Marcel Lods, Jean Prouvé, and Forges de Strasbourg as a constructor in 1936. An external form is 3.3m×3.3m, this small house is used for 2 persons. It consists a living room with 2 beds and a dining table, a kitchen space, a toilet and shower space and also could assemble and be demountable at anywhere. The begginig of this small house was made a prototype at Ateliers Jean Prouvé that was presented at the sixth exposition de l'habitation in the salon des arts ménagers in January 1939. All parts not only the entire house but also furniture were made of the thin steel sheets, there was not the foundation by Reinforced concrete. When Lods demonstrated at the exposition, in fact he could assemble for 2.5 hours and be demountable for 45 minutes. In the same year, someone stolen this small house before begining World War II, and it can never be seen anywhere.<br> As a background and purpose of this study, it aims to clarify architects' thoughts of “Maison démontable en ancier B. L. P. S. “, which focuses on the relationship between features and building components. It is about the features such as floor planning, concept of space, structure type, facility planning, and also about the building components such as the assembly system as well as the list of all parts. Finally, we discuss what kind of relationship the two has.<br> The previously-mentioned 3 French architects collaborated mainly in 3 projects, this small house is one of them, and its second project. Prouvé has explained through an interview in the book that was written by Peter Sulzer in 2000, it is “B. L. P. S. entirely made at my place… an enormous number of innovations… like the system of assembling the panels...”. Besides Franz Graf has explained that this small house, it's design, has been a great help in designing the façade of the Medische Faculteit in Rotterdam (today: Erasmus MC) by Prouvé, built in 1968. This means that Prouvé used the similar details in different project 30 years past, it could also say to find an importance innovation in this small house.<br> As a result, we found that important design through to clarify features and building components of “Maison démontable en ancier B. L. P. S.”. It is consisted by 5 building components which are the roof panel, the floor panel, the wall panel, the facility unit, the funiture unit, and they are a set for 2 components. Each of them has a meanings, such as it plays a role as Instruction how to assemble or where sets a position for the next assembled parts. Detail of the joints which connects between building components, has same detail, it can say that a set of building components are able to use turning upside down and is possible to make entire building what it is designed 2 building components by same one without the floor panels and the facility unit.
1 0 0 0 OA 計画都市ダラットの形成に関する研究 ヒル・ステーションとして要求された機能に着目して
- 著者
- 首代 佳吾 山名 善之
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.83, no.744, pp.231-239, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)
- 参考文献数
- 8
- 被引用文献数
- 1 1
In recent years, the cultural heritage value of cities and architecture constructed by western powers in the former colonies mainly in Asia and Africa is beginning to be realized. While the cities and architecture tend to be regarded historical negative legacies for the former colonies, recent research suggests that they are important legacies representing the process of modernization of the city and accepting and coexisting with the other. In the discussion of shared heritage that began in 2010 in such a framework, colonial architecture is one of the important elements of the modern era and it is connection parts between the present and past. However, because evaluation of such cities and architecture are getting behind and the economic situation is developing in recent years, some of them are destroyed before being evaluated and protected as cultural heritage. Therefore, in order to consider the cities and architecture of the former colonies as a shared heritage, it is necessary to clarify the formation of the city including it's architecture. The foundation of the former colonial cities were constructed by western powers. Colonial cities originally existed in the form of rural areas and villages that were required for trade and military functions by western powers. Furthermore, these cities were continually formed as these functions expanded. When people in each suzerain came to visit, the cities began to be constructed as planned cities considering their various functions. Especially, hill station, planned for people stationed in hot climate colonies but accustomed to cold climates, is one type of the planned city formed by the requirement for these diverse functions. Therefore, in this research, reveal the urban formation in the formation of Dalat, hill station in Vietnam, with focusing on the function required by France and the aim of this study is to reveal acceptance and development of modern idea brought from western Europe called planned cities. Chapter 1 focuses on the process of gathering and categorizing relevant original documents. In order to grasp the location of organizations that hold documents used in past research. Documents relevant to this research were then identified. Chapter 2 organizes the urban planning of the entire Dalat chronologically and focuses on zoning changes and revealing the changes in the function in the city. Chapter 3 extracts a discourse on the functions revealed in Chapter 2 from the document set grasps when each function was required for the first time. Chapter 4 compares the urban formation revealed in Chapter 2 and the required functions revealed in Chapter 3 chronologically. As a result, although there is a difference in time from request to reflection, it is revealed that the requested function is reflected in urban formation, and Dalat is a city formed by requirement of various new functions over time. Chapter 5, we revealed how modern ideas introduced by France in current Dalat is developed from a field survey of architecture. As a result, modern industries such as tourism had a great influence on urban formation in Dalat during the colonial era are still thriving. Furthermore, while several grand hotels for the upper classes were constructed during the colonial era, it is revealed that many small hotels called mini hotels which provide accommodation at low prices for all classes are being constructed at present.
- 著者
- 首代 佳吾 山名 善之
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.744, pp.231-239, 2018-02
- 被引用文献数
- 1
In recent years, the cultural heritage value of cities and architecture constructed by western powers in the former colonies mainly in Asia and Africa is beginning to be realized. While the cities and architecture tend to be regarded historical negative legacies for the former colonies, recent research suggests that they are important legacies representing the process of modernization of the city and accepting and coexisting with the other. In the discussion of shared heritage that began in 2010 in such a framework, colonial architecture is one of the important elements of the modern era and it is connection parts between the present and past. However, because evaluation of such cities and architecture are getting behind and the economic situation is developing in recent years, some of them are destroyed before being evaluated and protected as cultural heritage. Therefore, in order to consider the cities and architecture of the former colonies as a shared heritage, it is necessary to clarify the formation of the city including it's architecture.<br> The foundation of the former colonial cities were constructed by western powers. Colonial cities originally existed in the form of rural areas and villages that were required for trade and military functions by western powers. Furthermore, these cities were continually formed as these functions expanded. When people in each suzerain came to visit, the cities began to be constructed as planned cities considering their various functions. Especially, hill station, planned for people stationed in hot climate colonies but accustomed to cold climates, is one type of the planned city formed by the requirement for these diverse functions.<br> Therefore, in this research, reveal the urban formation in the formation of Dalat, hill station in Vietnam, with focusing on the function required by France and the aim of this study is to reveal acceptance and development of modern idea brought from western Europe called planned cities.<br> Chapter 1 focuses on the process of gathering and categorizing relevant original documents. In order to grasp the location of organizations that hold documents used in past research. Documents relevant to this research were then identified.<br> Chapter 2 organizes the urban planning of the entire Dalat chronologically and focuses on zoning changes and revealing the changes in the function in the city.<br> Chapter 3 extracts a discourse on the functions revealed in Chapter 2 from the document set grasps when each function was required for the first time.<br> Chapter 4 compares the urban formation revealed in Chapter 2 and the required functions revealed in Chapter 3 chronologically. As a result, although there is a difference in time from request to reflection, it is revealed that the requested function is reflected in urban formation, and Dalat is a city formed by requirement of various new functions over time.<br> Chapter 5, we revealed how modern ideas introduced by France in current Dalat is developed from a field survey of architecture. As a result, modern industries such as tourism had a great influence on urban formation in Dalat during the colonial era are still thriving. Furthermore, while several grand hotels for the upper classes were constructed during the colonial era, it is revealed that many small hotels called mini hotels which provide accommodation at low prices for all classes are being constructed at present.
1 0 0 0 OA 「ビュックの飛行クラブハウス」にみられる建物の特徴と構成部品の関係
- 著者
- 横尾 真 山名 善之 岩岡 竜夫
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.80, no.712, pp.1463-1471, 2015 (Released:2015-07-11)
- 参考文献数
- 15
This study aims to clarify architects' thoughts of “AÉRO-CLUB ROLAND-GARROS À BUC”, which is the relationship between features and building components. It is about the features such as floor planning, concept of space, structure type, facility planning and also about the building components such as the assembly system as well as the list of all parts. The composition of this study includes the analysis of the features of this building and the analysis of the technological aspect of the building components. Finally, we discuss what kind of relationship the two has.
- 著者
- 横尾 真 山名 善之 岩岡 竜夫
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.21, no.48, pp.853-858, 2015-06-20 (Released:2015-06-20)
- 参考文献数
- 24
This study aims to clarify the design feature of Maison du Peuple de Clichy, which is located in the northwest of Paris and was designed by French architects in the late 1930’s. As repair works have been carried out in recent years, it became possible for us to analyze this building. We are specifically focusing on the composition of each floor plan, the structure frame and two technical features. One is the prefabricated curtain wall panel which was the first in the world. The other is the system of moveable elements which can be used either as a market, a conference room or a cinema.
1 0 0 0 OA 「ヴァカンス用住宅BLPS」にみられる建物の特徴と構成部品の関係
- 著者
- 横尾 真 山名 善之 岩岡 竜夫
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.82, no.739, pp.2421-2429, 2017 (Released:2017-09-30)
- 参考文献数
- 11
“Maison démontable en ancier B. L. P. S.” was designed by French architects Eugene Beaudouin, Marcel Lods, Jean Prouvé, and Forges de Strasbourg as a constructor in 1936. An external form is 3.3m×3.3m, this small house is used for 2 persons. It consists a living room with 2 beds and a dining table, a kitchen space, a toilet and shower space and also could assemble and be demountable at anywhere. The begginig of this small house was made a prototype at Ateliers Jean Prouvé that was presented at the sixth exposition de l'habitation in the salon des arts ménagers in January 1939. All parts not only the entire house but also furniture were made of the thin steel sheets, there was not the foundation by Reinforced concrete. When Lods demonstrated at the exposition, in fact he could assemble for 2.5 hours and be demountable for 45 minutes. In the same year, someone stolen this small house before begining World War II, and it can never be seen anywhere. As a background and purpose of this study, it aims to clarify architects' thoughts of “Maison démontable en ancier B. L. P. S. “, which focuses on the relationship between features and building components. It is about the features such as floor planning, concept of space, structure type, facility planning, and also about the building components such as the assembly system as well as the list of all parts. Finally, we discuss what kind of relationship the two has. The previously-mentioned 3 French architects collaborated mainly in 3 projects, this small house is one of them, and its second project. Prouvé has explained through an interview in the book that was written by Peter Sulzer in 2000, it is “B. L. P. S. entirely made at my place… an enormous number of innovations… like the system of assembling the panels...”. Besides Franz Graf has explained that this small house, it's design, has been a great help in designing the façade of the Medische Faculteit in Rotterdam (today: Erasmus MC) by Prouvé, built in 1968. This means that Prouvé used the similar details in different project 30 years past, it could also say to find an importance innovation in this small house. As a result, we found that important design through to clarify features and building components of “Maison démontable en ancier B. L. P. S.”. It is consisted by 5 building components which are the roof panel, the floor panel, the wall panel, the facility unit, the funiture unit, and they are a set for 2 components. Each of them has a meanings, such as it plays a role as Instruction how to assemble or where sets a position for the next assembled parts. Detail of the joints which connects between building components, has same detail, it can say that a set of building components are able to use turning upside down and is possible to make entire building what it is designed 2 building components by same one without the floor panels and the facility unit.
- 著者
- 熊谷 洋輝 山名 善之
- 出版者
- 日本建築学会
- 雑誌
- 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.757, pp.693-701, 2019-03
Modernization in former colonial countries has been promoted by external factors such as acceptance of culture propagation, in accordance with the colonial rule by Western powers. Likewise, in an architectural field, a number of studies on colonial modern architecture have been carried out, and most of them have viewpoints of the architecture and city planning designed by architects of suzerain countries. New style of architecture compromising between western style and traditional style had made in colonies, and most of them had been studied on the viewpoints of “style” applying architecture of various building-types. R. Banham pointed out that architectural theory of J. Guadet was Modern in propagation of the styles. J. Guadet divided architectural style including new building-types with design standards made in 19c into elements, and let them be able to reconstruct. Public buildings of France thereafter the end of 19c designed by the architects of Beaux-Arts in accordance with both styles and standards regulated by state, and it was the same situation at the French colonies ruled by its assimilation policy in the same period.<br> It is also important to educate locals under the French colonial policy. This study focused on the elementary school buildings of France standardized in the end of 19c for constructing by establishing public education, Tonkin as a model of focusing on educating locals to train the bureaucracy among French colonies.<br> The purpose of this study was to present the new viewpoints to comprehend the colonial modern architecture that are some aspects of singularity of it by showing degree of deviation against design standards of France directed at the elementary school building for locals in Tonkin.<br> The method to find some aspects of singularity is grasping standard model of French elementary school against design standards of France and the architectural theory of J. Guadet, and investigating at the national archive in Vietnam to collect necessary documents. Ultimately, collating to standard model of France and finding degree of deviation.<br> The following six results were obtained. (1) Elementary school buildings for locals in Tonkin were composed by bare elements that were school buildings, toilets and the houses for teachers. (2) There were 3 types of the space of toilets which were constructed larger than the standards of France. (3) An area of classroom per student was generally smaller than the standards of France. (4) The classroom in Tonkin had several different parts from unilateral lighting classroom of France that were replaced the half-outdoor corridor, established portal of classroom on bilateral wall. (5) There were 11 types of the heights and widths of classrooms including aspects of unilateral lighting. The heights generally kept the standards of France, but the widths of type were made smaller and larger than the standards of proportion between heights and widths of France, the widths of type were made smaller, the widths of type and type were made larger. (6) There were 9 types of the dimensions showing vertical set positions of windows. In any case, the windows were set up in lower position than the standards of France, the dimensions of lintels were larger than the standards of France and the classrooms had a space between the upper end of window and ceiling.<br> In conclusion, the degree of deviation against the design standards of France were able to find in elementary school buildings of Tonkin as the case study sites. It allows us that we described the colonial modern architecture from the new viewpoints that is collating colonial modern architecture to the standards of suzerain state per building-type instead of the viewpoints of “architectural style” that was often used in the previous studies by others.
- 著者
- 山名 善之
- 出版者
- 建築保全センター
- 雑誌
- 建築/保全 (ISSN:13458418)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.20, no.2, pp.60-71, 1998-11