著者

黒岩 将人 岡崎 甚幸 吉岡 陽介

出版者

Japan Ergonomics Society

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.29-40, 2001-02-15 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

4 6

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生活空間を歩行中の周辺視の役割を, 通常視野実験と制限視野実験の比較によって解明する. 通常視野実験ではアイカメラを装着して廊下および階段を歩行し, 制限視野実験では著者らが新しく開発した周辺視野を制限するマスクを装着して同じ場所を歩行した. その結果, 通常視野下に対して制限視野下では, 1) 進行方向の床と壁の境界を注視しながら歩行する傾向がある, 2) 角を曲がる時には大廻りをする, 足や手がアンダーリーチングになる, 3) 階段下り歩行開始時に極端に歩行速度が落ちる, 4) 階段上り歩行時に足を擦らせて歩く等の特徴的な行動が見られた. 以上から歩行時の周辺視が, 身体と歩行環境との間の正確な距離や位置関係の把握を助ける役割を果たすことが明らかになった.

著者

中村 優花 岡崎 甚幸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.754, pp.2441-2451, 2018-12

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&nbsp;This study is to analyze the types of spatial composition within Buddhist shrines. The focus was on the spatial composition, the plan forms and the arrangement of worship objects (stupas and Buddhist statues). This research is based on 55 documented Buddhist temples in Central Asia. The shrine architectures have been divided into 4 types based on spatial compositions. The meanings of spatial composition also have been discussed by conjecturing how worship acts were performed in shrine architectures. For the purpose of this study, Central Asia is defined as: northern Pakistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Xinjiang Uyghur (Fig. 1).<br>&nbsp;The plan forms were divided into the following types: single chamber, two-celled chamber which has main chamber and ante-chamber (having wing walls and without wing walls type), and the corridor type (a main chamber enclosed by a single wall/ two-celled chamber enclosed by a single wall) (Fig. 2). According to the classification of plan forms, the arrangement of worship objects was classified as I, II, III, and IV. The spatial compositions were analyzed based on the schemas. The shrine architectures have been divided into 4 types as the follows (Fig. 3):<br>&nbsp;I. Worshippers face worship object inside or outside the chamber: Worshippers do not enter inside, and face to the worship object directly; Worshippers enter inside directly without wing walls, judging from its large scale; Worshippers enter inside through wing walls, judging from its large scale and the spatial composition.<br>&nbsp;II. Shrine with axiality: the worship object is located at the further end of the shrine (in some cases, center of the shrine). There is the symbolic direction to the worship object. Worshippers face the worship object.<br>&nbsp;III. Shrine with circumambulatory: the worship object is housed in the center of the main chamber. Accordingly, pradak?i?a (Buddhist devotional practice) is performed.<br>&nbsp;IV. Shrine with centrality: the worship objects are placed on three sides or four sides of the main chamber. The plan forms of shrines are centralized plan such as a square and a cruciform.<br>&nbsp;Axiality is a common characteristic in many shrine architectures. Axiality is necessarily component in the case of the two-celled chamber type shrines. In addition, it became clear that there is the shrine architecture includes some characteristics of spatial composition: axiality + circumambulatory, and axiality + circumambulatory + centrality.<br>&nbsp;Over a long period of time, circumambulatory design was adopted for wide areas because it indicated the circumambulation ritual from left to right of the worship object. On the other hand, there were few examples of shrine architectures with centrality. It has been conjectured that centrality was a determinate factor judging from the aspect of geographical distribution. Based on the analysis, the meaning of the spatial compositions was considered. The conclusions are as follows:<br>&nbsp;- Shrines with axiality means that the Buddhist world continues forward.<br>&nbsp;- Shrines with circumambulatory were held for service of the cosmological Buddha.<br>&nbsp;- Shrines with centrality had worshippers enclosed by the Buddhist world.<br>&nbsp;It could be considered that &ldquo;circumambulatory&rdquo; and &ldquo;centrality&rdquo; is contrasting characteristics of spatial composition and suggests a change of meaning in the shrine architecture.

著者

猪股 圭佑 岡崎 甚幸 柳沢 和彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.670, pp.2477-2485, 2011-12-30 (Released:2012-03-02)

参考文献数

35

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The present paper aims to analyze the types of the mountains painted in the Christian paintings of the Chora Church, focusing on their relationships to persons, and clarify the significance of these types. In our analysis, we made explanatory drawings and pattern diagrams of each painting. Explanatory drawings were made to divide each painting into scenes. Pattern diagrams were made to find out the relationships among persons and mountains. Three types of mountains were identified: 1) Mountains Next to Persons, 2) Mountains Surrounding Persons, and 3) Mountains Next to Persons and Surrounding Other Persons. The significance of these types was also clarified.

著者

岡崎 甚幸 伊藤 達彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.436, pp.127-137, 1992

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

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Architectural Space Montage Method was thought up by authors. Subject's mental image is expected to be represented by miniatures 1 to 50 scale such as units of walls, furnitures, people and trees on a white plate 60cm×90cm. Schizophrenic patients try to make a model of the ideal ward in mental hospital. This method would not deteriorate psychopathology because of forming only dairy living space unlike sandplay therapy. Framing, disturbed association of ideas and preference of protected space were represented on their own works. This method might be a useful therapy in near future because of interests by patients, endurance and impetus to patients.