著者

後藤 春彦 松井 勝紀

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.454, pp.145-154, 1993-12-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

18

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This paper alms to clear the present situation and problem of the signboards set up along Tokaido-Shinkansen between Tokyo and Shin-Osaka. The conclusions in this paper are as follows ; 1) A large number of signboards set up along the Shinkansen on the outskirts of the big city. And they are not in good condition on the landscape. 2) The social consensus has to be against setting up them. 3) The local governments have to pull down illegal signboards positively. 4) The sponsors have to take moral principles responsibility for their own signboards. 5) The advertising agency union has to keep under selfcontrol of setting up them.

著者

加藤 仁美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.433, pp.129-136, 1992-03-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3

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There are dispersed settlements in Iki island all around. Their beginning and actual conditions are yet unknown in detail. In this study, the natural and the geographical features of this island and the allotment system of land in the Edo period are investigated in relation to the settlement pattern. And it is made clear that "the land use pattern of Iki" is a set of the land use consisting of a wind break at the back, a dwelling lot, a vegetable garden in the front and the scattered farmland. In conclusion their problems in planning are considered.

著者

横仙 勝樹 高橋 鷹志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.395, pp.19-30, 1989-01-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

3

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In order to clarify man-environment interaction, the paper focuses on the mental system in which we recognize the spatial relationship of the environment. This system, which is based on our usual experience, is named 'spatial schemata' here and considered as consist of the recognized 'places' and some rules which combine these 'places'. The word 'places' was defined first, after careful consideration given to the relationships between human behavior and physical settings. A model of 'spatial schemata' was hypothesized with reference to Minsky's Frame Theory. Four frames were chosen to represent 'spatial schemata' here '. 'KOKO (here)' frame, 'ASOKO (over there)' frame, which represent mentally near and far places respectively, 'connected' frame and 'separated' frame, which represent the spatial relationship between two 'places'. Finally, an analysis on subjects' sketch-maps were made to examine validity of this model. In conclusion, the differences between each types of sketch-maps were clearly described using the four frames. As a result: of this experimental investigation the proposed model of 'spatial schemata' was proved to be an effectual system to describe man-environment interaction.

著者

本田 昭四 山下 良二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.382, pp.67-76, 1987-12-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

1 1

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In the preceding papre, the authors studied the historically changing process of housing for miners, then we made a chronological table, and we examined the origin and evolution of NAYA and KOFUSHATAKU that were built for coal miners between the 1880's and the 1920's. In this paper, we studied the evolutional process of planning for coal mine worker's houses between the 1930's and the 1950's. Our conclusions from the study are as follows : 1)Since programs for the increaced production of coal were framed by the goverment before and after World War II, many houses for mine worker were supplied between 1935 and 1950. 2) The standards of Public-housing established by Ministry of Welfare in 1941 and by Ministry of Construction in 1947, have influence on the planning of houses for mine workers. 3) Typical plans of dwelling-unit of this period were summarized as Fig. 1 and Fig. 4. 4) After the abrogation of NAYA system, the control system of houses for mine workers was improved by the institution for labour-management co-operation in the 1930's and the agreements were established as a result of the negotiation between capital and labour in the 1950's.

著者

新谷 肇一 青木 正夫 篠原 宏年

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.376, pp.51-65, 1987-06-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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Military hospitals was very important in Japan during the Meiji Era. The Meiji Goverment founded the army and navy under the national policy to enrich and strengthen the country. Armies were stationed throughout the country, where medical treatment facilities were systematically constructed. In 1871, an image plan for military hospitals was made by Ryojun Matsumoto who was the director of Surgeon Administration Department. His plan was reasonable and interesting because of constructing some of the appropriate hospitals intead of a large hospital, but they were not realized. In 1874, a model plan for the military hospitals was made under the guidance of a French Military engineer. Kumamoto and Nagoya Garrison Hospitals, the typical examples of the model plan built in 1875 and 1878. Both hospitals were composed of bilaterally symmetrical finger plan type with a large courtyard. In 1893, a standard planning for the military hospitals was made under the influences of German medical science, which was the first important standard of hospital architecture in Japan. Most of the military hospitals constructed afterwards were based on this standard.

著者

藤岡 洋保 三村 賢太郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.394, pp.62-70, 1988-12-30

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The art historian Takao Itagaki began to review architecture in 1929. He became one of the first architectural critics in Japan. He noticed a new trend in 'modern art' after World War I. He thought that 'machine civilization' as 'the spirit of the time' prevailed throughout 'modern art' and that architecture was one of the most characteristic arts of 'machine civilization,' which led him to review architecture. He had reviewed architecture in the 1930s and in the early 1940s, when modern architecture was introduced and practiced by the young architects in Japan. He convinced the new architecture should have been based on rationalism. He made much of practicing rationalism rigidly; he hated its skin-deep understanding and its vulgarization. But for him practicing rationalism was not the aim but the precondition for the new architecture. He thought practicing rationalism did not necessarily promise the realization of a new beauty which could express 'modern age.' It was the beauty that he really wanted the architects to realize. He pointed out some factors of architectural beauty; dimension, color, light effect and texture of materials. His reviews on the new buildings at that time showed coincidence with his architectural idea. He praised some buildings which were based on good understanding of rationalism and were exquisitely designed such as the Tokyo Central Post Office (1931; extant), the Tokyo Hospital for the Postal Staff (1937; demolished) and the Minsitry of Railroad Main Office (1937; extant).

著者

清水 擴

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.402, pp.127-136, 1989-08-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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In 1005, Fujiwara Michinaga constructed the Jomyoii temple, where the Hokkedo was the main hall. Taking this oppotunity,the relation between Hokkedo and dead body developped gradually. Late in the 12th century, it got firmly fixed to use Hokkedo as the mausoleum of emperors. And in Kamakura era, this formality became popular among the leaders of the "samurai". On the other hand, the Amidados used as mausplems were few. We can understand this fact as follows. The interior of the Amidado was recognised to be very pure, so it might be hesitated to enshrine the dead body in it which bore much "Kegare" (impurity).

著者

伊東 龍一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.420, pp.71-81, 1991-02-28 (Released:2017-12-25)

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The Tokugawa Shyogunate constructed buildings richly decorated with carves, and temples and shrines in the Kanto district also often had carves. In many cases, the carvers engaged in constructing the buildings of the Tokugawa Shogunate. This study deals with the carvers who belonged to the Tokugawa Shogunate and who lived in the Kanto district by analizing the materials concerning the construction. The major clarified factors are written as following. "Tyoko-Hidarisi-Gotosi-seikeizu" is a genealogy of the carvers who lived in the Kanto district. The most of the part in this genealogy have authentic matters. The greater part of carvers who lived in the Kanto district were the apprentices of the Takamatsu. These apprentices were engaged in the construction belonging to the Tokugawa Shogunate.

著者

吉沢 晋 菅原 文子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.391, pp.32-38, 1988-09-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

1 1

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In order to estimate and control the contamination by the airborne particles through the mechanism of settlement it is necessary to analyze the mechnism of falling particles in the atmosphere indoor as well as outdoor. The quantity of settled particles depend upon the concentration, exposure time and terminal velocity which are the function of aerodynamic diameter of the particle, and consequently the size distribution of the settled particles greatly differ from the original ones. In case of outdoors, the quantity of settled particles are obtained by the integral of product of partial distribution and terminal velocity of the particle using particle size distribution. The calculated values were fairly close to those experimentally obtained. In case of indoors, the authors analyzed the relation of quantity of settled particles and the airborne concentration and obtained the general equation which shows that the settled contamination is dependant on the concentration, particle size distribution which determin the terminal velocity, the ceiling height, and the air change rate which is the reciprocal of the time length of particles' stay within the room. Experiments were performed using model chamber of 30 ×30×30 cm in size with known ventilation rate. Theoretical values coincided with the results of experiment very well.

著者

寺田 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.414, pp.69-80, 1990-08-30

被引用文献数

4

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The purpose of this study is to make geometrical logic clear and to introduce a logical method to design process for more intelligent architectural layout planning. In this paper, a procedure to derive the rectangular mosaic patterns is proposed, which are fundamental forms to be modified for the practical planning. This procedure can be divided into 3 steps roughly. First step : The graph which represents all the adjacencies between two rooms has to be defined, and for mathematical operation the adjacency matrix as well. Second step : The dual graph is to be transformed from the given primal graph. Some mathematical and geometrical methods are presented on the basis of electric circuit models for this transformation. Third step : Finally, all the possible rectangular mosaic patterns are to be found. Every pattern is isomorphic to the dual graph transformed at second step. The author and his assistant have developed the interactive pattern editor on CRT, in oder to select and modify the patterns obtained. This editor is realized to be very helpful especially for small scale projects. The result data are to be input to the CAD device. The development of more sophisticated editor is expected in future.

著者

伊藤 毅

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.380, pp.p125-134, 1987-10

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Tenma Honganji Jinaimachi was consisted of Honganji Temple (the Gobo) and its town. Hongariji Temple was considered to be located on the eastern part of the Jinaimachi, and the circumference around the Jinaimachi was not permitted to be fortified by Hideyoshi. Such a construction cannot be regarded as the regular style of Honganji and it symbolically shows the change in quality of Honganji Jinaimachi under the severe control of Hideyoshi. Honganji Jinaimachi was in turn compelled to remove to Kyoto in 1591. After the removal, Tenma district didnot go to ruin, but continued as the town. Tenma-kumi (one of the regional community of Osaka in the Edo era) came into being laying the foundation of Tenma Houganji Jinaimachi.

著者

村田 明久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.414, pp.89-101, 1990-08-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

3 3

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Foreign settlements were established at three times (1859, 1868, 1869) in order to trade and reside for foreigners in a treaty ports and towns. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the construction process and planning methods of all foreign settlements in Japan ; Yokohama, Nagasaki, Hakodate, Kobe, Osaka, Tokyo and Niigata. The summary is as follows : 1. Foreigner's place of residence that was various in settlement area and it's upward tendency was constructed in the following order ; a single zone of a settlement, a double zone of a settlement and a mixed-residence, and a single zone of a mixed-residence. 2. All the settlements were separated from the outer city by topographical border like Dejima in Nagasaki. From the second period after Yokohama disaster in 1866, inner spaces setted between settlement and Japanese place of residence were re-designed as a special structural street like open space and the other public space. 3. At the first period site planning was made by feet scale and a single site block-planning was main, but from the second period a double site block-planning was made with standard lot size of the range 200〜600 tsubo. 4. There were three city component-type. (1) Separately located-open port type (2) Adjacently located-open port type (3) Adjacently located-open town type. And there were various modern planning of public road and facilities, commercial placement, fire prevention, yamate residence, recreation space and so on.

著者

藤岡 洋保 佐藤 由美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.447, pp.109-118, 1993-05-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

3 3

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This paper shows how the concept of "space", which was first developed in, Germany in the late 19th century, was introduced into and developed in Japan, analyzing the articles on the four major Japanese architectural magazines between 1887 and 1960. Until the 1920s, the word kukan (space) had rarely been used in them. The concept of "space" began to be developed in the 1930s. From the 1950s on, it has been utilized by Japanese architects, especially the team led by Kenzo Tange. Their, move implies that at that time modern rationalism began to gain ground in many Japanese architects' thoughts.

著者

檜谷 美恵子 住田 昌二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.392, pp.136-146, 1988-10-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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This paper aims at making clear from both historical and spatial aspects how and by what reasons the owner-ccupation has spreaded in urban areas of Japan by means of taking the cases of 24 main cities into consideration. The conclusion concerning to historical change is summarized as follows: 1) Before the war, the private renting was the dominant tenure of urban housing excepte for housing located in the suburbs of the big cities and several new industrial cities rapidly urbanized, where the sign of the growth of the owner-occupied sector was emerging. 2) The remarkable increase of the owner-occupied ratio from 22.3% in 1941 to 41.3% in 1948 causes to an enormus degree by the war damage and the housing constructin immediately after the end of the war, which determined the changing direction of housing tenure after the war. 3) For the postwar period, the change of a distrubution ratio of housing tenure has been caused mainly by rapid urban growth, especially the intensive concentration in metropolitain areas throughout the period of the high economic growing and the amount of new rental housing has sharply reflected on it. While the number of owner-occupied housing has constantly increased throughout the same period and as compared with the renting, the owner-occupation is more stable and accumulative as tenure type. On the other hand, through the spatial ananlysis, it became clear that there were several differet patterns in the increasing process of the owner-occupation, the main two patterns are as foolows : 1) Metropolitan type・・・ After having accumulated the private renting, owner-occupied housing has increased in parallel with the real urbanization. 2) Local type ・・・In the cities where urbanization has been inseparably related to the incorporation of rural areas, the owner-occupied ratio has risen through the increasing number of a farmhouse and being based on it, the real urban housing has been formed on the side of the owner-occupied sector. Most of cities of Japan are subject to the latter model and it means that the tenure of a farmhouse has significantly contributed to the expantion of the owner-occupation. The ratio of the owner-occupied has been determined not only by the factors which caused the change in the national level as mentioned above, but also by the special factors of each city such as historical and cultural characteristics concerning to the choise of housing tenure.

著者

本田 昭四 山下 良二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.375, pp.76-87, 1987-05-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

1

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In Japan, many houses for mine workers were built from the 1880's to the 1960's. However, since the goverment changed its energy policies in the sixties, the coal mining industries declined and mine workers who lost their jobs left the coal mining districts. In the 1970's, rehabilitation programs of the district were emphasized. Since the coal mine is located on the site where the coal is found, workers forced to live closed to the mines. Also to facilitate labor manmagement, workers have been made to live collectively. In our country this type of collective housings were called NAYA or HANBA before the 1900's. With the improvement of labor-management relations, the name have been changed to KOFU-SHATAKU, KOFU-SHUKUSHA or TANKO-ROMUSHA-JUTAKU. As the dialogue labor and management increased after the second War, the name was shortened to TANKO-JUTAKU, as it is commonly referred to in administrative circles. This paper is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, the authors studied the historically changing process of housing for miners, then we made a chronological table and divided it into six periods. In the second and third chapter, we examine the origin and evolution of NAYA and KOFU-SHATAKU that were built for coal miners between the 1880's and the 1920's.

著者

麓 和善 渡辺 勝彦 内藤 昌

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.363, pp.115-124, 1986-05-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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Although architectural quantity survey techniques are always essential in order to plan and rationalize architectural construction activities, there are few historical analysis on the scientific universality of such techniques in Japan. The "Gushikenki" (written in the Edo Period) appears to be known as the only architectural reference book dealing with these techniques. Nevertheless, this book seems to be based on previous Japanese mathematics books that were already concerned with the matter. In this study we intend to examine the architectural quantity survey techniques contained such books, as a first stage for a future and move advanced study on the "Gushikenki" and its mathematical background.

著者

中川 理

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.418, pp.125-134, 1990-12-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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In Tokyo, The urban areas rapidly stretched out of the city limits after the end of the Meiji era. This paper reveals the immediate cause, that is, the fact that many salaried workers moved to surrounding towns and villages because of the gap in house rent caused by the imbalance in "KAOKU-ZEI" (the rates on the owners of houses) payment in and out Tokyo City

著者

十代田 朗 渡辺 貴介 安島 博幸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.436, pp.79-86, 1992-06-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

3 7

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This study tries to explain the development and types of villas in Japan (1860'-1940') for the period as the influence of the Western society. For this purpose, historical records on each resort area, owner of villas, locations and plans of villas are analyzed. This study revealed 1) the evolutional process of villas in the Kanto region, 2) the factors which caused such development, and 3) the grouping of villa types in Japan (1860'-1940') on the base of the locations and the purposes of possession.

著者

宮本 文人 谷口 汎邦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.436, pp.19-29, 1992-06-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study is to investigate children's cognitive maps of school buildings. Sketch-map and placings of specific locations of floor plan were employed to externalize children's cognitive maps. The subjects were the second, the third, and the fifth graders. Some of second graders' maps seems to be as accurate as fifth graders' ones in the placings of specific locations. In one school building, the block slanting at 45 degree angle was distorted to be at right angle and pararell about 30 children's cognitive maps. In the other school building, about 10 children's sketch-maps indicated rotated distortions.

著者

藤沢 彰

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.384, pp.97-107, 1988-02-28 (Released:2017-12-25)

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A sanctuary has allways an entrance : a gate. Sometimes these gates are built with wooden stage. They are called "Ro-Haiden" in Yamaguchi area. This paper will clarify that the "Ro-Haiden" of Yamaguchi area was built and spread under the influence of Todaiji-Hachimanga Shrine and Hofu-TemmangU Shrine. The "Ro-Haiden" was used not only as a passage but also as a ritual place. The content 1. Introduction 2. The style and its' distribution of the "Ro-Haiden" in the area of Yamaguchi 3. Ceremonial practices at the "Ro-Haiden" (1) In Hofu-Temmangu Shrine (2) In Aiosho-Hachimangn Shrine 4. The formation of the "Ro-Haiden" and its' distribution. (1) A review of hitherto published theories about the "Ro-Haiden" (2) The relation between Todaiji-Hachimanga Shrine and Hofu-TemmangQ Shrine in the Kamakura era (3) The area formed by the "Kechienshn" of Hofu-TemmangQ Shrine (4) The distribution of the "Kechiensha" group [Hofu-Temmanga Shrine] and the distribution of the "Ro-Haiden" 5. Conclusion