著者

渡辺 伸一

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.115-125, 2007-10

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Environmental cadmium pollution causes cadmium poisoning. The first cadmium-polluted area ever discovered in the world was the Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture in Japan. The most severe case of cadmium poisoning is Itai-itai disease (osteomalacia), which was officially recognized as a pollution-related disease by the Japanese government in 1968, and a less severe case is tubular kidney dysfunction. In other words, the occurrence of Itai-itai disease is only the "tip of the iceberg". The tubular kidney dysfunction is the earliest and most prevalent adverse result of chronic cadmium poisoning. The Japan Public Health Association Cadmium Research Committee, supported by the Environmental Agency, carried out health surveys in cadmium-polluted areas of 8 prefectures during the period of 1976-1984 and reported that many cases of tubular kidney dysfunction were found not only in Toyama but also in Ishikawa, Hyogo and Nagasaki prefectures. However, the Environmental Agency and the research committee have never certified this kidney dysfunction as a pollution-related disease. In 1970, the Japanese government set tentative acceptable standards of 1ppm for brown rice and enacted the Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Prevention Law in 1971. Based on this Law, restoration projects of polluted soils of rice paddies were started. If cadmium nephropathy was certified as a officially pollution-related disease, acceptable standards for brown rice must be more strict than 1ppm, because 1ppm is a standard to prevent habitants from suffering from Itai-itai disease. This new strict standard arrives at increases in polluted rice and soils. This means increases in the expenses to buy polluted rice and to restore polluted soils. To offer indemnity to farmers for any reduction in his rice crop is the responsibility of polluting industries and to pay expenses to restore polluted soils is the responsibility of polluting industries, the central government and local authorities. This paper concludes that the main reason why cadmium nephropathy has not been certified as an official pollution- related disease is that the decision-making of the Environmental Agency and the research committee reflects the intention of the polluting industries and the government who regard the expenses above as too heavy a burden.

著者

渡辺 伸一

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.115-125, 2007-10-31 (Released:2017-02-27)

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Environmental cadmium pollution causes cadmium poisoning. The first cadmium-polluted area ever discovered in the world was the Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture in Japan. The most severe case of cadmium poisoning is Itai-itai disease (osteomalacia), which was officially recognized as a pollution-related disease by the Japanese government in 1968, and a less severe case is tubular kidney dysfunction. In other words, the occurrence of Itai-itai disease is only the "tip of the iceberg". The tubular kidney dysfunction is the earliest and most prevalent adverse result of chronic cadmium poisoning. The Japan Public Health Association Cadmium Research Committee, supported by the Environmental Agency, carried out health surveys in cadmium-polluted areas of 8 prefectures during the period of 1976-1984 and reported that many cases of tubular kidney dysfunction were found not only in Toyama but also in Ishikawa, Hyogo and Nagasaki prefectures. However, the Environmental Agency and the research committee have never certified this kidney dysfunction as a pollution-related disease. In 1970, the Japanese government set tentative acceptable standards of 1ppm for brown rice and enacted the Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Prevention Law in 1971. Based on this Law, restoration projects of polluted soils of rice paddies were started. If cadmium nephropathy was certified as a officially pollution-related disease, acceptable standards for brown rice must be more strict than 1ppm, because 1ppm is a standard to prevent habitants from suffering from Itai-itai disease. This new strict standard arrives at increases in polluted rice and soils. This means increases in the expenses to buy polluted rice and to restore polluted soils. To offer indemnity to farmers for any reduction in his rice crop is the responsibility of polluting industries and to pay expenses to restore polluted soils is the responsibility of polluting industries, the central government and local authorities. This paper concludes that the main reason why cadmium nephropathy has not been certified as an official pollution- related disease is that the decision-making of the Environmental Agency and the research committee reflects the intention of the polluting industries and the government who regard the expenses above as too heavy a burden.

著者

富井 奈菜実 大西 貴子 中西 陽 小松 愛 根來 秀樹

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 = Bulletin of Nara University of Education. Cultural and Social Science (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.1-14, 2020-12-25

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In this paper, in order to clarify importance of activities based on the interests of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders, we examine the program and activity of “The Train GEEK Club at Nara University of Education”, which is composed of ASD children. The train GEEK Club program includes many different activities which are very unique. In the main program organized in accordance with their interests, the participants plan their activities, prepare and make their own presentations, by talking and sharing the knowledge related to trains and railways which are positioned as their “excessive interest”. It is found that the program has some significances, such as to pursue to their hobbies taking their advantage of knowledge of train, to get a sense of accomplishment through this activity, and to make close friends are able to talk and share their common hobbies. It is suggested that the activity is working for support of interpersonal relations and their leisure from the point of developmental perspective.

著者

渡辺 伸一

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.115-125, 2007-10-31

---

Environmental cadmium pollution causes cadmium poisoning. The first cadmium-polluted area ever discovered in the world was the Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture in Japan. The most severe case of cadmium poisoning is Itai-itai disease (osteomalacia), which was officially recognized as a pollution-related disease by the Japanese government in 1968, and a less severe case is tubular kidney dysfunction. In other words, the occurrence of Itai-itai disease is only the "tip of the iceberg". The tubular kidney dysfunction is the earliest and most prevalent adverse result of chronic cadmium poisoning. The Japan Public Health Association Cadmium Research Committee, supported by the Environmental Agency, carried out health surveys in cadmium-polluted areas of 8 prefectures during the period of 1976-1984 and reported that many cases of tubular kidney dysfunction were found not only in Toyama but also in Ishikawa, Hyogo and Nagasaki prefectures. However, the Environmental Agency and the research committee have never certified this kidney dysfunction as a pollution-related disease. In 1970, the Japanese government set tentative acceptable standards of 1ppm for brown rice and enacted the Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Prevention Law in 1971. Based on this Law, restoration projects of polluted soils of rice paddies were started. If cadmium nephropathy was certified as a officially pollution-related disease, acceptable standards for brown rice must be more strict than 1ppm, because 1ppm is a standard to prevent habitants from suffering from Itai-itai disease. This new strict standard arrives at increases in polluted rice and soils. This means increases in the expenses to buy polluted rice and to restore polluted soils. To offer indemnity to farmers for any reduction in his rice crop is the responsibility of polluting industries and to pay expenses to restore polluted soils is the responsibility of polluting industries, the central government and local authorities. This paper concludes that the main reason why cadmium nephropathy has not been certified as an official pollution- related disease is that the decision-making of the Environmental Agency and the research committee reflects the intention of the polluting industries and the government who regard the expenses above as too heavy a burden.

著者

板橋 孝幸 岩本 廣美 河本 大地

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 = Bulletin of Nara University of Education. Cultural and Social Science (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.1-19, 2019-11-29

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This paper shows the significance and problems of small schools laying both elementary and junior high schools in remote rural areas by arranging the cases of Ishigaki City and Taketomi Town in Okinawa Prefecture. In these schools, efforts have been made in school management and local area learning so that children can recognize their growth while considering the connection between elementary and junior high schools, by looking at the entire nine years of learning.

著者

牧野 英三

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.115-136, 1980-11-25

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At the Shunie performed at the Nigatsudo Hall of the Todaiji Temple, the Jimmyocho, which is supposed to have originated with the Engishiki, is recited immediately after the Shoya period every day during the fortnight's ritual, following the Jobun of the Kanjoku recited by the officiating priest, Daidoshi. The chanting of the Jimmyocho, of which seven common priests (Hirashu) take charge as chanters (Yomiyaku) by turns, takes place for the purpose of inviting the gods omnipresent throughout Japan, amounting to over 13,700, to the ceremonial hall of the Shunie, and calling on them to help carry out the religious cerermony, Gyobo, uneventfully. It is not, however, until he is confined in the Nigatsudo Hall for the religious devotion for the third year that the Hirashu is qualified for the Yomiyaku. There are two ways of chanting-Hombushi, orthodox recital, and Hikiage, informal recital. The Hombushi is recited for the first seven days, Johichinichi, and the Hikiage for the latter seven days, Gehichinichi. However, on the days with rather lots of rituals, such as the fifth and seventh days during the Johichinichi, the Hikiage is recited. The Jimmyocho is divided into nine sections. The first section is recited rather slowly to anicety. The tempo of the recitation is accelerated gradually from the second section on, until it comes to its audible limit, especially in the fifth to the seventh section. In the eighth section the tempo is decelerated to that of the first part. In the recitation of the Goryo in the ninth section the scale is toned down, and the whole recitation comes to the finish in stillness. The time required for chanting varies from twenty to twenty-eight minutes according to the Hombushi or the Hikiage, and the Yomiyaku, etc. The note of the melody of the Jimmyocho and the pattern of each section are shown on the following pages. (The music is based on what was taped by the late Daisojo Kokai Kitagawara, former Betto of the Todaiji Temple, in 1958.)

著者

牧野 英三

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.107-127, 1983-11-25

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During the term of the Shunie of the Todaiji Temple, from the first to the fifteenth of March, the Kakocho, list of the departed remarkable for meritorious services to the temple, is read in a chanting tone after the Karichozu, which means a brief recess for urination, on two days of the term, the fifth and the twelfth. The priest in charge of chanting the Kakocho is the Kitashu-no ichi, chief of the four common priests sitting in the north seat in the hall together with two superiors, for the twelfth, and one of the three common priests also seated with another two superiors in the south seat, or a common priest who has taken part in his fifth year's cult, for the fifth. The original of the Kakocho in existence, put in good repair in the eighth year of Kambun (1668 A.D.), is a scroll about thirty meters in lenght with eighty sheets of paper pasted together. After that time on the names of the departed have been written down in a separate scroll, and those put on record so far in the two scrolls exceed 3700 in the aggregate. The first part of the Kakocho is read off rather in a slow repressed tone, the second being chanted in a higher tone and pitch. The third part is read almost straight on, and the chanting of the last is finished off in a slow stream. The time required for this is about forty minutes.

著者

上村 盛人

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.69-80, 1977-11-15 (Released:2017-02-24)

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In Swinburne's poetry we find many remarkable femme fatale characters : Dolores, Faustine, Venus, Mary Stuart, and Atalanta are all typical femmes fatales, to give a few examples. He was almost possessed with the femme fatale image, and in fact, he became the first to introduce to the Victorian England the "fatal woman" imagery, which was indeed the representative iconography in the fin de siecle European art. Mary Gordon was Swinburne's closely related cousin and was also his bosom friend who had shared the romantic make-believe world of their own since their childhood. Mary's sudden announcement to marry a soldier was a shock to the poet, to whom perhaps it meant destruction of their cherished private world. Swinburne had been interested in the femme fatale theme since his boyhood, and in his imagination the "fatal woman" image had already taken shape, waiting only for a chance to be actually written down as a poem. Mary's engagement announcement gave him such a chance, and now he could set out to become a chief actor in his‘monodrama', in which he was to be tormented by cruel femmes fatales. Swinburne was a poet who was extremely conscious of his poetic art as a‘maker' of poetry. Almost all his poetry can possibly be said‘meta-poetry', that is, poetry about poetry. To achieve his aim to embody‘l'art pour l'art' in his poems, he made use of surprisingly many poetic forms and themes. And his femme fatale myth was one of such themes and his‘lost love' to Mary Gordon gave a good chance to start him writing femme fatale poems.

著者

豊田 弘司 照田 恵理

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.41-48, 2013-11-30

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The present study examined the relationship among stress, stress response and emotional intelligence (EI) in undergraduates. Undergraduates were asked to rate the items from scales corresponding to EI (J-WLEIS; Toyota & Yamamoto, 2011), Stressor (STR; Shima, 1999) and Stess response (SRS-18; Suzuki et al., 1997). J-WLEIS consisited of four subscales: Regulating emotion, Self emotion appraisal, Others-emotions appraisal and Use of emotion. STR was composed of four subscales, existential, interpersonal, academic and physical stressors. SRS-18 consisted of three subscales: deppression, aggression and hopeless. The result indicated that EI scores were negatively correlated with both stressor and stress scores, and showing that participants with high EI had less stressor and less stress response than those with low EI. Stressor was correlated with stress response higher in participants with low EI compared to those with high EI. This result was interpreted as showing the possibility that EI moderated the relatonship between stressor and stress response.

著者

小笠原 真 小笠原 真 OGASAWARA Shin

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.p39-60, 1992-11

著者

劉 麟玉

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.95-105, 2011-11-30

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GAO Yi-Sheng, who was an aborigine of Tsuou tribe in Taiwan, was born in 1908. His native name was Uyongu Yatauyungana, and he also had a Japanese name, Issei Yada, because Taiwan was ruled by Japan around the time. When Taiwan became a territory of Republic of China in 1945, he again changed his name to a Chinese name, GAO Yi-Sheng. Although he was arrested on a false charge as a revolter against the government in 1952 and executed in 1954, Taiwanese and Japanese scholars have considered him as one of the elite in Tsuou tribe, not only because he attempted to build an autonomous society for Taiwanese aborigines, but also because he had considerable talents for literature and music. Even when he was in prison, GAO Yi-Sheng composed many songs, as thinking of his own children and people of Tsuou tribe. It is undoubted that he was a tragic figure in the history of politics, but I would like to shed more light on his music talent. We all know that music composition needs knowledge of organizing the notes and writing them on the staves. So where and why did GAO learn the knowledge about music composition? What is characteristic of his music? In order to answer the questions, in this paper, I will examine GAO's progress in music education during his school years and analyze his compositions as well.

著者

大辻 彩音 河本 大地

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 = Bulletin of Nara University of Education. Cultural and Social Science (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.49-64, 2021-11-30

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How can we conduct local learning (or community learning) in an expanded school district under the circumstances of school consolidation? In order to obtain clues to answer this question, we examine whether the consolidation of schools in the elementary schools of mountainous Totsukawa Village, Nara Prefecture has led to any changes in local studies, and whether local studies lead to pupils becoming more interested in the local areas. First, we interviewed teachers about the content of local learning before and after the consolidation of schools and the impact of the consolidation. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the children in order to clarify whether or not the local studies led to the children becoming interested in and proud of the community in which they live. As a result, it was found that although the consolidation of schools will make it difficult to implement activities closely related to local people, it is important to create a system for local learning that includes local people and parents. Moreover, although interest in the local area increases in the lower and middle grades, in order to sustain this interest in the upper grades and to increase the students' attachment to the local area, it is considered effective to conduct local studies in a way that matches the interests of each child.

著者

阿部 孝哉 河本 大地 森口 洋一

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 = Bulletin of Nara University of Education. Cultural and social science (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.73-85, 2020-12

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of game materials on the alleviation of disgust tendency toward geography learning in junior high school social studies. First, we analyze the effects and challenges of games "Momotaro Dentetsu" as a tool for geographic learning. Next, game teaching materials "Kyushu Quiz Tour" created based on the analysis results are put into practice for junior high school students. Then, based on the image of students practicing the game materials and the results of the subsequent questionnaire, we examine what kind of game materials are effective in mitigating the detestation tendency of geographic learning. As a result, by developing the class using the game teaching material, it was possible to give stimulation to the class which tends to advance in the same form every time. And it was proven that the detestation tendency was eased by attracting the interest of the students and repeating the experience which made the geography learning to be fun. In addition, playing games with other students has the potential to lead to the formation of human relationships.

著者

丹 敦 渡辺 伸一

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.165-180, 2004-10

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Deer in Nara - "Nara-no-Shika"- inhabit the area in and around Nara Park in Nara City, the capital of Nara prefecture. In Nara, they have been protected as sacred animals of the Kasuga shrine for a long time. On the other hand, damage to crops caused by them was so serious that the villages in Nara built "Shikagaki" (Shishigaki) during the Edo period. "Shikagaki" is a piece of equipment which is made of wood, stones and mud to prevent damage to crops caused by wild animals, especially deer in the case of Nara. According to our fieldwork, ruins of "Shikagaki" still exist around Nara Park. However, there has been no study to prove where they are located. We would like to propose that the rums of "Shikagaki" are very precious reminders of Nara's heritage in the sense that they are the products of local villagers' hard work. The purpose of this study is to clarify the distribution of the "Shikagaki" and their present situation.

著者

八尾坂 修

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.127-142, 1999-11-10

著者

今井 靖親 高本 和昌

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.245-262, 1991-11-25

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The purpose of this study was to examine the readability of Japanese sentences. Experiment I was conducted in order to test the effect of the percentage of Chinese charcters and the presentation of the theme in the sentences on the subjects' reading time. The subjects were 60 college students. On the basis of the percentage of Chinese characters in the sentences and the presentation of the theme of the sentences, they were randomly assigned to one of the following six groups : High-theme, High-no theme, Middle-no theme, Non-theme, Non-no theme. They were asked to read the sentences shown by a slide projector on a paper and the time to read the sentences was recorded. For the subjects of the 'theme' groups the theme was told before they started reading the sentences. The reading time in the High groups was significantly shorter than that in the 'Non'groups. This suggests that the words written in Chinese characters in the sentences have facilitating effect on the readability of the Japanese sentences. No significant difference was observed between the 'theme' groups and the 'no theme' groups. The result made it clear that there were very similar words like the theme in the sentences shown for the 'no theme' groups. Experiment 2 was designed in order to test again the effect of the presentation of the theme on the subjects' reading time. The subjects were 20 college students. They were asked to read the sentences written only in hiragana (not containing Chinese charcters) on a paper. The 'theme' group took more reading time that in the 'no theme' group, but in reading the sentences the subjects of the 'theme' group made fewer mistakes than the subjects of the 'no theme' group. The findings suggest that the theme presented for the subjects facilitated to recognize the words in the sentences. but it took more time for them to correspond the contents or the words of the sentences with the theme.

著者

小笠原 真 真鍋 祐子

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.77-99, 1986-11-25

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Modernization in Western Europe is, according to Max Weber, based upon the rationnal spirit by Protestantism, forced by the rational, purpose-oriented attitudes in life which does not admit even incantation. According to this inductive study for "an ideal type", the shamanism is nothing but a momentary transition of relief, therefore, it cannot possibly bring about the rational, purpose-oriented attitudes in life towards any radical reforms. But in Korea, modernizing itself rapidly from 1970's to today, the shamanism cannot necessarily be assumed to be thoroughly broken down. Some conclusions in this thesis are in order; 1. According to "the traditional belief about succession of the shaman as profession" by Chijun Murayama, the temporal revision of the modernization of <traditional→rational> can be seen everywhere we investigated. 2. The shape of temporal transition changes variously in accordance of the space because <the meaning> in that people find in the exorcism by the main callings in particular regions. 3. The aspects of the change in shamanism can be captured this shift. This is the changing of the religious goal, and moreover, within this can be said to be based upon the rationalism by modernization. Therefore, such a cultural phenomenon of the shamanism may be said not to cease to exist but to modulate its functions in various ways as the modernization process proceeds.

著者

安田 寛 多田 純一 長尾 智絵 安田 寛 多田 純一 長尾 智絵 YASUDA Hiroshi TADA Junichi NAGAO Chie

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.121-126, 2009-11

著者

阿部 智 木村 真知子 若吉 浩二 石川 元美 小畑 治 高橋 豪仁

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.169-179, 2008-10-31

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in physical fitness of elementary school children who participated in the long term sports classes using Ballschule program that has received high evaluation in Germany, and to compare the physical fitness and exercise habits of the children and that of those who had not participated in the classes. In addition, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of Ballschule program on the growth of child, and to obtain basic data to make a physical fitness program for elementary school children. First, a total of 47 children, the 2nd and 3rd grade, practiced in sports classes of Ballschule, participated in a sports class held over the long term. There was the improvement with physical fitness and balance in the total score of the physical fitness test. Next, In the comparison of a total 34 children of the 2nd, 10 children who had participated in sports classes of Ballschule and 24 of children who had not, it is confirmed that the total coordination score of Post-test was higher than that of Pre-test in the former children. As a result, it is suggested that the improvement of the physical fitness was caused by the long-term Ballschule program. We could consider Ballschule program as an effective training program, and furthermore we need to examine the validity of Ballschule program as school education. This study elucidated the importance that we should take unspecialized physical fitness program such as Ballschule for developing children. However, it is necessary that we demonstrate the effects of the Ballschule program by using other factors of physical fitness besides ability of coordination that have been central in test heads. And then, a program of Ballschule suitable for Japanese original social context must be suggested and practiced so that Ballschule will be familiarized, applied and practiced in various occasions.

著者

清水 キワ

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.177-191, 1972-11-15

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The 'TANOMOSHI' as they call it, is a body of association which has passed current in Japan since the Medieval days; it is a system of financing for common people, managed autonomously in the spirit of mutual assistance. Nowadays, when available means of financing are everywhere prevalent, it might almost be assumed that the TANOMOSHI is already outmoded. Our investigation, however, amply shows that this system is still largely in practice among the common people, who resort to this system with a view to their household financing and also to the betterment of their social relations. Our final conclusion is that, unless any radical measures for common people's welfare are enforced by the State authorities, the TANOMOSHI will never fail to survive.