著者

早川 尚志

出版者

内陸アジア史学会

雑誌

内陸アジア史研究 = Inner Asian studies (ISSN:09118993)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.23-49, 2015-03

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As is usually the case with Inner Asian dynasties that ruled vast territories, the Timurid Dynasty operated a postal system, which encompassed an extensive web of postal stations. This system was instrumental in allowing the Timurids to acquire information rapidly, and it also facilitated the movement of both military personnel and civilians. The system was also used for time-tracking: For instance, citing how many postal stations there were between two cities proved to be a relatively reliable way of calculating distance. This truly demonstrates the importance of the postal system under the Timurid Dynasty, especially as far as transport is concerned. In this paper, I examine the postal station as a criterion of time-tracking and relate it to a unit called farsaḫ or farsang. I also discuss the way in which the Timurid Dynasty could retain and manage the postal station as a constant criterion. Specifically, I examine the system of postal stations, the permission needed in order to conduct a journey, how such permission was acquired, who could supply such permission, the benefits of such permission, and the support of the šiqāʾūls. The results of my investigation demonstrate how the Timurid rulers kept this web of postal stations in their lands and how they used them in order to obtain valuable information as quickly as possible, especially during emergencies.

著者

早川 尚志

出版者

国士舘大学イラク古代文化研究所

雑誌

ラーフィダーン = al-Rāfidān (ISSN:02854406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, 2015

著者

三津間 康幸 早川 尚志

出版者

日本天文学会

雑誌

天文月報 = The astronomical herald (ISSN:03742466)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.7, pp.472-479, 2017-07

著者

早川 尚志

出版者

京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科「地域と環境」研究会

雑誌

地域と環境 = Region and environment (ISSN:13440985)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.91-108, 2014-12-26

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日本の都城プランが中国の長安を模倣したものであるのに対し,恭仁京のプランは都を貫く大河,内在する港,偏在する内裏と「朱雀大路」,左右京に山地が介在する狭隘な甕原の選地,と例外だらけであったが,その原因は長らく究明されてこなかった。そこで筆者は恭仁京を隋唐のもう一つの都洛陽と比較検討することで,その例外性の原因に迫り,恭仁京が他の日本の都城と違って洛陽を模倣して成立したものである可能性が浮上した。

著者

三宅 芙沙 堀内 一穂 宮原 ひろ子 早川 尚志 笹 公和 箱崎 真隆 前原 裕之 栗田 直幸 木村 勝彦 門叶 冬樹

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

基盤研究(S)

巻号頁・発行日

2020-08-31

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樹木年輪の14Cや氷床コアの10Be、36Clといった宇宙線生成核種は、観測史上最大とされる1956年のSEP(Solar Energetic Particle)イベントの数十倍という過去の超巨大SEPイベントの優れた代替データである。本研究は、年輪の14Cと氷床コアの10Be、36Cl分析から、完新世(過去1万2千年間)における最大のSEPイベントの同定と、超巨大SEPイベントの発生頻度及びその発生特性の解明を目的とする。我々の太陽における発生特性を、太陽型恒星の恒星フレアと比較することで、太陽型恒星における太陽の普遍性と特殊性を評価する。

著者

早川 尚志

出版者

内陸アジア史学会

雑誌

内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.23-49, 2015-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

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As is usually the case with Inner Asian dynasties that ruled vast territories, the Timurid Dynasty operated a postal system, which encompassed an extensive web of postal stations. This system was instrumental in allowing the Timurids to acquire information rapidly, and it also facilitated the movement of both military personnel and civilians. The system was also used for time-tracking: For instance, citing how many postal stations there were between two cities proved to be a relatively reliable way of calculating distance. This truly demonstrates the importance of the postal system under the Timurid Dynasty, especially as far as transport is concerned. In this paper, I examine the postal station as a criterion of time-tracking and relate it to a unit called farsah or farsang. I also discuss the way in which the Timurid Dynasty could retain and manage the postal station as a constant criterion. Specifically, I examine the system of postal stations, the permission needed in order to conduct a journey, how such permission was acquired, who could supply such permission, the benefits of such permission, and the support of the siqa'uls. The results of my investigation demonstrate how the Timurid rulers kept this web of postal stations in their lands and how they used them in order to obtain valuable information as quickly as possible, especially during emergencies.

著者

早川 尚志

出版者

日本イスラム協会

雑誌

イスラム世界 (ISSN:03869482)

巻号頁・発行日

no.86, pp.33-59, 2016-10

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This paper examines control over transportation in Eastern Turkestan under the rule of the late Mughūl Ulūs (mid-16th to late 17th century), the dynasty that was pivotal in completing the process of Islamization in Eastern Turkestan. Controlling transportation has always been of vital importance so that rulers retain their dominion and authority over a given territory, even more so in huge inland empires, like the ones that Muslims built in Eurasia during the Medieval Ages. This was the case in Eastern Turkestan going as far back as the time of the Western Turkic Khaganate. In the middle of the 13th century, this area hosted a well-maintained postal system known as "yāmchī system" under the Yuán dynasty. However, after the decline of Yuán dynasty's rule, the rise of the Chaghatay Ulūs and under the rule of the Mughūl Ulūs, it is not well established what kind of control regulated transportation in this area. In order to grasp the complexities of Mughūl Ulūs's rule over Eastern Turkestan from the perspective of transportation three points of interest are discussed. First, the manzil network is examined in order to give a picture of the infrastructure of transportation in this area. Second, travel passes are explained: which authority issued them, what was granted through their possession, and what was the state of affairs of the actual caravans 34 and the security that was promised to them. Last but not least, the argument is concluded by analyzing the postal systems in East Turkestan under the Mughūl Ulūs, where, contrary to the era of Mongol rule, a failure of the stated system is acknowledged. After giving an outline of the transportation system and the way in which it was governed during the late Mughūl Ulūs, the paper concludes that this represents a clear example of the failure of a transportation system in a country that was disintegrating.

著者

早川 尚志

出版者

京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科「地域と環境」研究会

雑誌

地域と環境 (ISSN:13440985)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.91-107, 2014-12

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日本の都城プランが中国の長安を模倣したものであるのに対し,恭仁京のプランは都を貫く大河,内在する港,偏在する内裏と「朱雀大路」,左右京に山地が介在する狭隘な甕原の選地,と例外だらけであったが,その原因は長らく究明されてこなかった。そこで筆者は恭仁京を隋唐のもう一つの都洛陽と比較検討することで,その例外性の原因に迫り,恭仁京が他の日本の都城と違って洛陽を模倣して成立したものである可能性が浮上した。

著者

河村 聡人 早川 尚志 玉澤 晴史 磯部 洋明 柴田 一成

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2019-05-17

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太陽は人類が最も研究している恒星ではありますが、その知見は限られた時間スケールでの観測に基づいています。太陽活動の科学的な記録は、黒点に関して約400年、エネルギーの解放を伴う突発的増光現象であるフレアに関して約160年にわたります。一方で、人々は何千年にもわたって太陽活動の痕跡を観察し記録してきました。その現象を今日の我々はオーロラと呼んでいます。我々の研究の第一のゴールは、科学的な黒点観測と歴史資料に残るオーロラの記録とを組み合わせ、過去400年の太陽活動を解明することです。我々が知りたい物理変数はフレアの強度で、現代の太陽観測に基づく統計からその強度を推定する手法を開発しました。この手法の鍵となるのは、フレア時にコロナ質量放出が起こったことを強く示唆する低緯度オーロラの観測です。黒点の大きさの科学的観測と低緯度オーロラ観測の歴史資料から、フレア強度を推定することができるようになりました。当ポスター発表では、歴史資料を用いた太陽物理学の将来性と課題を議論します。当ポスターを科学と歴史学のコラボレーションの成功の一例として提示します。

著者

早川 尚志

出版者

内陸アジア史学会

雑誌

内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)

巻号頁・発行日

no.30, pp.23-49, 2015-03-31

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As is usually the case with Inner Asian dynasties that ruled vast territories, the TimuridDynasty operated a postal system, which encompassed an extensive web of postal stations.This system was instrumental in allowing the Timurids to acquire information rapidly,and it also facilitated the movement of both military personnel and civilians. The system was also used for time-tracking: For instance, citing how many postal stations there were between two cities proved to be a relatively reliable way of calculating distance. This truly demonstrates the importance of the postal system under the TimuridDynasty, especially as far as transport is concerned. In this paper, I examine the postal station as a criterion of time-tracking and relateit to a unit called farsaḫ or farsang. I also discuss the way in which the Timurid Dynastycould retain and manage the postal station as a constant criterion. Specifically, I examinethe system of postal stations, the permission needed in order to conduct a journey, howsuch permission was acquired, who could supply such permission, the benefits of suchpermission, and the support of the šiqāʾūls.The results of my investigation demonstrate how the Timurid rulers kept this web ofpostal stations in their lands and how they used them in order to obtain valuable informationas quickly as possible, especially during emergencies.

著者

早川 尚志

出版者

内陸アジア史学会

雑誌

内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.23-49, 2015

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As is usually the case with Inner Asian dynasties that ruled vast territories, the Timurid
Dynasty operated a postal system, which encompassed an extensive web of postal stations.
This system was instrumental in allowing the Timurids to acquire information rapidly,
and it also facilitated the movement of both military personnel and civilians. The system was also used for time-tracking: For instance, citing how many postal stations there were between two cities proved to be a relatively reliable way of calculating distance. This truly demonstrates the importance of the postal system under the Timurid
Dynasty, especially as far as transport is concerned. In this paper, I examine the postal station as a criterion of time-tracking and relate
it to a unit called farsaḫ or farsang. I also discuss the way in which the Timurid Dynasty
could retain and manage the postal station as a constant criterion. Specifically, I examine
the system of postal stations, the permission needed in order to conduct a journey, how
such permission was acquired, who could supply such permission, the benefits of such
permission, and the support of the šiqāʾūls.
The results of my investigation demonstrate how the Timurid rulers kept this web of
postal stations in their lands and how they used them in order to obtain valuable information
as quickly as possible, especially during emergencies.

著者

早川 尚志

出版者

国士館大学イラク古代文化研究所

雑誌

ラーフィダーン (ISSN:02854406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.83-110, 2015

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Despite numerous studies on the transportation hubs in Eastern Turkistan that connect West Asia and China in the ancient and early modern time, there are few studies on the transition of trade routes in the period between the fall down of the Mongolian Empire (14th century) and the arrival of Portugese missionaries (17th century) . This study shows the main routes and the transition of trade routes in Eastern Turkistan in this period to fill the gap. A series of bibliographic survey of geographical documents and records of ambassadors and merchants who traveled this region reveal three main routes shown in the Khitai-nama, their transition, and the reason why the main route had changed.