6 0 0 0 OA 「柔道人口を考える」
- 著者
- 星野 映
- 出版者
- スポーツ史学会
- 雑誌
- スポーツ史研究 (ISSN:09151273)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.31, pp.1-18, 2018 (Released:2020-03-26)
The purpose of this paper is to clarify how complex relationships between judo organizations and groups in France changed after World War II. This paper focuses on the correlations between the internal situations of judo in France, and the tendencies outside of France. The first judo federation in France was the FFJJ, which existed from 1946 to 1956. The number of Judoka rapidly increased in France after WWII because of the Me´thode Kawaishi, an original judo method invented by Mikinosuke Kawaishi. The Me´thode Kawaishi was adapted by the FFJJ as the official method. The centralized governance system of this method can be credited for the successful production of judo professors as well as the creation of judo clubs. However, Shudokan Club and its professors were opposed to the FFJJ as they espoused the Kodokan Judo method by Ichiro Abe, rather than the Me´thode Kawaishi. Abe influenced the rise of adherents of Kodokan judo in France. They were called “tendence Kodokan”. They opposed the technical policy and the ethical characteristics of the FFJJ, and established their own federal organization in 1954. This federation showed their confrontational attitude towards the FFJJ, which resulted in the FFJJ attempting to exclude “tendence Kodokan” at first. This decisive conflict between the FFJJ and Kodokan spread across the country. Ultimately, both groups concluded with an agreement for their unification. A new federation, la Fe´de´ration Française de Judo et Disciplines Assimile´es(FFJDA) was established in 1956. In the international scene, the International Judo Federation was established in 1951, with the first World Judo Championship being held in 1956. Moreover, the movement by the IJF to include judo into the Olympic program started immediately after WWII. Thus, the period of dynamic international changes surrounding judo, and the period from the end of WWII to the foundation of FFJDA overlapped with each other. The FFJJ actively worked to retain hegemony over international judo after WWII. In order to take the initiative within the IJF, and to facilitate the inclusion of judo in the Olympic Games, the FFJJ approached Japan despite the view against “tendence Kodokan” in France. The more actively the FFJJ worked with the IJF, the more the differences between the national situation and the international attitude stood out. The FFJJ attempted to integrate with “tendence Kodokan” by making concessions in order to resolve the conflicting situation.
1 0 0 0 OA 1940-1944 年の占領期パリにおける柔道の確立: フランス柔術クラブの活動を中心に
- 著者
- 星野 映
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会
- 雑誌
- 体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.64, no.1, pp.187-203, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)
- 参考文献数
- 67
From 1940 to 1944, Paris was occupied by the German army. The “Vichy” government began to reform sports activities for French citizens, and under the new Vichy policy, many sports saw an expansion of popularity. The expansion of judo in France during this period was particularly dramatic. This article examines how judo was practiced in German-occupied Paris, and how it acquired the status of a sport in France, with reference to the activities of the Jiu-Jitsu Club de France and its historical context in Paris at that time. In occupied Paris, the Jiu-Jitsu Club and its judoka, especially Paul Bonét-Maury, president of the club, and Mikinosuke Kawaishi, who provided technical guidance, promoted judo as a sport. In the first half of the Occupation, the club held low-key public demonstrations. Also, practitioners in clubs were trained on the basis of teaching methods devised by Kawaishi, which included aspects such as the color belt system, and the establishment of expensive membership fees despite the Occupation situation. As a result, many intellectual professionals and industrial capitalists with economic resources played a principal role as judoka. Furthermore, by encouraging students to open new clubs, the number of judoka practicing Kawaishi judo increased. These factors remained characteristic of French judo after the Second World War. In the latter half of the Occupation Period, the Jiu-Jitsu Club de France joined the French Wrestling Federation, so that judo became better known publicly, and in late May 1943, the First French Judo Championship was held. The Championship was held continuously in subsequent years, and received recognition of being “worthy to be aligned with other sports”. The German army was not directly involved with judo in Paris, but the fact that the Jiu-Jitsu Club de France expanded its activities while adapting to the circumstances of the Occupation encouraged the official recognition of judo in Paris.
- 著者
- 星野 映
- 出版者
- 日本仏学史学会
- 雑誌
- 仏蘭西学研究 (ISSN:03866637)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.46, pp.3-13, 2020-06-13
1 0 0 0 OA 1940-1944 年の占領期パリにおける柔道の確立: フランス柔術クラブの活動を中心に
- 著者
- 星野 映
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会
- 雑誌
- 体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.18055, (Released:2019-05-10)
- 参考文献数
- 67
From 1940 to 1944, Paris was occupied by the German army. The “Vichy” government began to reform sports activities for French citizens, and under the new Vichy policy, many sports saw an expansion of popularity. The expansion of judo in France during this period was particularly dramatic. This article examines how judo was practiced in German-occupied Paris, and how it acquired the status of a sport in France, with reference to the activities of the Jiu-Jitsu Club de France and its historical context in Paris at that time. In occupied Paris, the Jiu-Jitsu Club and its judoka, especially Paul Bonét-Maury, president of the club, and Mikinosuke Kawaishi, who provided technical guidance, promoted judo as a sport. In the first half of the Occupation, the club held low-key public demonstrations. Also, practitioners in clubs were trained on the basis of teaching methods devised by Kawaishi, which included aspects such as the color belt system, and the establishment of expensive membership fees despite the Occupation situation. As a result, many intellectual professionals and industrial capitalists with economic resources played a principal role as judoka. Furthermore, by encouraging students to open new clubs, the number of judoka practicing Kawaishi judo increased. These factors remained characteristic of French judo after the Second World War. In the latter half of the Occupation Period, the Jiu-Jitsu Club de France joined the French Wrestling Federation, so that judo became better known publicly, and in late May 1943, the First French Judo Championship was held. The Championship was held continuously in subsequent years, and received recognition of being “worthy to be aligned with other sports”. The German army was not directly involved with judo in Paris, but the fact that the Jiu-Jitsu Club de France expanded its activities while adapting to the circumstances of the Occupation encouraged the official recognition of judo in Paris.