著者

桑林 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.5-30, 2021 (Released:2021-04-13)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

3

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先住民による「記憶の場所」の構築と,支配的マジョリティがそこに与えた文化的・社会的な影響を分析することは,先住民のアイデンティティと過去,そして場所の関係性を解明する一助となりうる。本稿は,アイヌによってシャクシャインに関する「記憶の場所」へと構築された北海道新ひだか町の真歌山を事例に,その構築がいかに彼(女)らをめぐるポストコロニアル状況に影響されていたのかを考察する。真歌山は従来からシャクシャインに対する顕彰行為の場であったが,1960年代末以降,和人のまなざしの影響を受けながら,アイヌ・アイデンティティと結びつく「記憶の場所」へと構築され,各地のアイヌを巻き込んでいった。その後も,アイヌによる和人のまなざしの受け止め方が変化するたびに,真歌山という「記憶の場所」は再構築され続けている。こうした動きには,文化的な喪失と同化を経験し,今なお和人のまなざしから解放されていない,現代のアイヌをめぐる文化的・社会的なポストコロニアル状況が映し出されていた。その意味で,真歌山は現代のアイヌを取り巻くコロニアリズムの残滓を反映した,ポストコロニアルな「記憶の場所」として位置づけられる。このようなコロニアリズムの残滓について,多様な解釈が存在することを想定し,それらを丁寧に読み解くことが,真歌山という「記憶の場所」の構築をより深く理解するためには必要である。

著者

桑林 賢治

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理学会大会 研究発表要旨 2016年 人文地理学会大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.104-105, 2016 (Released:2020-06-13)

著者

桑林 賢治

出版者

史学研究会 (京都大学大学院文学研究科内)

雑誌

史林 (ISSN:03869369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.3, pp.403-426, 2017-05

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In 2005, the Japanese government expanded its list of cultural properties to include cultural landscapes (bunkateki keikan 文化的景観). Medieval manors in particular were evaluated and selected for conservation based on their historical significance. Human geographers have pointed out that evaluations on the basis of heritage are often limited to or exclude specific periods of history. For example, manorial-landscape evaluations tend to focus primarily on the era in which the manor was functional rather than the present, and neglect how the landscape has been transformed over time. Accordingly, spatial-scale evaluation is also necessary to understand how local residents perceive a cultural landscape and participate in its formation and conservation. Inasmuch as residents'perceptions do not necessarily coincide with the official evaluation, conservation would hinge on both largescale assessment and local-scale considerations. Given the perspective described above, the evaluation of manorial cultural landscapes must be executed in connection with historical views as well as spatial issues. Hence, this paper considers the inherent problems in conservation as a result of conflict between historical evaluation and current local understandings of manorial landscapes. The study area, Ōgi 大木 district, Izumisano City, Osaka Prefecture, was home to the medieval manor Hineno-shō 日根荘, owned by the Kujō family, and it was designated a national historic site in 1998. Later, in 2013, Ōgi district was registered as "The Rural Landscape of Hineno-shō Ōgi" (nōson keikan 農村景観). The findings are summarized as follows: First, there is a gap between the historical evaluation and the residents'consciousness regarding the history represented by the landscape of the Ōgi district. The former emphasizes the landscape's connection with the period of the functioning of Hineno-shō and ignores other periods, whereas the latter dismisses the landscape's relation to one particular time period, and focuses on it a more ambiguous unspecified past. Furthermore, efforts to strengthen the historical value of the area by unifying the cultural landscape with the national historic site can be seen in Izumisano's official actions. In contrast, the activities of local residents do not demonstrate the same appreciation for the landscape's history. In other words, the different evaluations applied in accordance with each position are manifest in the disparate claims of the two groups. Under the circumstances, most residents have a positive view of the registration and conservation of the landscape as a cultural property. Such an acceptance, however, is formulated with the understanding that historical evaluations and residents'perceptions are not in accord. There is a possibility that conflict in the Ōgi district over conservation and utilization of the landscape will arise as residents gradually acknowledge the historical significance of Hineno-shō. This study illustrates the difficulty in reaching consensus due to discordant views regarding conservation and utilization of manorial cultural landscapes.