著者

永積 昭

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.15-30, 1967 (Released:2014-09-15)

著者

永積 昭

出版者

京都大学東南アジア研究センター

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.177-183, 1968

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

著者

永積 昭

出版者

東南アジア学会

雑誌

南方史研究 (ISSN:2185050X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1963, no.3, pp.98-102, 1963-08-15 (Released:2010-10-22)

著者

永積 昭

出版者

東南アジア学会

雑誌

南方史研究 (ISSN:2185050X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1960, no.2, pp.157-178, 1959-06-30 (Released:2010-10-22)

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The writer, having investigated the royal lineage of the kingdom called Patani in the eastern side of the Malay Peninsula in the 17th century, will now try to clarify some facts concerning eminent members among the ruling class of the kingdom by availing himself of Chinese, European and Japanese sources.The ruling class, called orang-cayas (nobles) in the Malayan language, were said to be as many as four thousand according to the Voyages of Jacob Van Neck, though the figure seems to be incredible compared with the whole population of the country. In most cases, each nobleman used to be called with a prefix “Dato” which means “nobleman” in Malayan. The writer asserts that the title is the same as the word na-tu (nátok in Fukien dialect) mentioned in Tung-hsi yang-kao written in Ming China.It was much more difficult for the writer, however, to identify all the particular noblemen than to trace the royal lineage, because almost all the nobles were called merely by their official titles, not by their personal names. All he could do, therefore, was to trace their official status in the bureaucracy, apart from each individual.Among the official titles one that appears most frequently and during the longest course of time is “Dato Serinara”, which means divine hero. The writer associates it with Shitsu-ri Tatsu-na which appears in quotations in the Gaiban-tsusho compiled by Kondo Seisai. It seems that this official was also often called Dato Serinara Paducka, an honorific title, the last word of which literally means sandal. It is obvious that the above-mentioned official title was held by a Chinese at least in 1599 and 1603. The Travels of Wijbrand van Warwyck described one as the treasurer of the queen of Patani. The title continues to appear in historical records down to 1639, although there is less possibility of ascertaining that the position was still filled by a Chinese at that time. Many sources indicate the dominance of the Chinese as a whole in the field of trade and commerce in the country.Two other official titles Dato Besaer (a principal nobleman) and Dato Bandhara (a nobleman of the harbour) date back to the second decade of the century. However, the problem as to which was the most important official title among the above-mentioned three, and which was called the third king in Ka-i hen-tai has not yet been solved. The historical sources are far more scarce as regards other official titles among which only Dato Laxamana (which means an admiral) is worth mentioning. Several records seem to indicate that the title is used as a synonym of Shahbandar, the harbour master, which was the term generally used in many ports in the southern part of Asia.The castle of the kingdom of Patani, about half a kilometer long on its longer side, was, according to many records, surrounded by huge timbers. The population of the city may be estimated at ten to twenty thousand in spite of the great variety of figures given in different records. It is known that many of the principal officials lived close to the queen, presumably inside the castle.The writer concludes that the bureaucratic system in the kingdom closely resembled those of adjacent minor countries in which Islam was the most favoured religion. In other words, this system was quite different from that of Siam, though the former was a tributary state to the latter at that time, even if nominally. While some officials, Dato Serinara Paducka and Dato Laxamana for example, directly took part in trade, there still remains the question as to what was the economic basis of the ruling class in general.

著者

永積 昭

出版者

東南アジア学会

雑誌

南方史研究 (ISSN:2185050X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1959, no.1, pp.56-70,A9, 1959-06-30 (Released:2010-10-22)

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Concerning the Kingdom of Patani, situated on the eastern coast of the Malaya Peninsula, there exists an elaborate thesis, “De Factorijder Oostindische Compagnie to Patani” by Dr. H. Terpstra, s'Gravenhage 1938. (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie. Deel I). As in the beginning of the seventeenth century there were established a Dutch as well as an English Factory, we know a good many things about this kingdom. Dr. Terpstra, however, concentrated his interest on the activities of the Dutch, who were settled on the spot, but devoted little attention to the country itself. Therefore, the author would like to conduct some further investigation into this kingdom, in the first place royal lineage, by comparing European, Chinese and Japanese sources as far as possible.According to Tung hsi yang k'ao written by Chang hsieh the throne of Patani had been inherited by the male line until it became extinct in the Wan li era of the Ming dynasty. On the other hand, all of the European and Japanese material thereafter tells us that the kingdom was ruled by a queen, together with a younger lady (called “the young queen”) as her assistant and prospective successor, who left all political activities to a prime minister (called “the third king”).By means of the above mentioned documents from three sides, we can conclude that the male line of succession turned into the female one about the 14th year of Wan-li (1586). In the Itinerary of Jacob van Neck it is explicitly stated: “the Queen of Patani had ruled her kingdom for 15 years after the death of her husband.” This f act also tallies with some Chinese sources, though the latter don't mention the exact time of her enthronement.This first queen, given the title of “Pratiau” by the Siamese court, paid tributes every year, though it was merely nominal. Her title means nothing but “the king” and she was not known by any other name. She had at least two sisters, one of whom got married to a king of Pahang in 1584. Later, this queen of Pahang became the cause of conflict between both countries simply because the king of Pahang did not allow his spouse to visit her sister for 28 years, which annoyed the latter. The Chinese document tells the conflict in a little different way. They say, in the beginning, there was a quarrel between Pahang and Johor, and Patani even supported her sister's state. We cannot ascertain which explanation is correct. At least it is certain that the warfare ended in the defeat of Pahang, and after the end of the war the royal couple came to Patani, leaving their devastated country behind them.This first queen Pratiau died of illness in August of 1616 and was soon succeeded by the other sister, then about 50 years old. During the earlier days of her reign Patani kept closer contact with the Dutch East India Company, although both Dutch and English Factories were withdrawn in 1622 and 1623 because of their economic inefficiency.At the time of the second queen, whose name is not known, Patani refused tribute to the Siamese court in 1629, denouncing the new Siamese king, Prasat Thong, as a usurper. This caused the invasion of its territory by Siamese troops in 1634, when the Dutch fleet also participated to attack the queen's territory. The result was that Patani was defeated and became dependent once more. 1) The second queen died in August, 1636, leaving her throne to one of her relatives. Thus her reign has lasted 17 years.(The travels written by Jean Albert de Mandelslo gives a different date to the death of the queen. However, when we submit his narrative to a careful scrutinization, we will notice that he borrowed almost all of his description from that of Jacob van Neck included in “Voyages” compiled by Isaac Commelin. Therefore this date hardly deserves our attention.)After the third queen, we c

著者

永積 昭

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.8, pp.1330-1336, 1982-08-20 (Released:2017-11-29)

著者

永積 昭

出版者

東南アジア史学会

雑誌

東南アジア史学会会報

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, 1970

著者

永積 昭

出版者

東南アジア史学会

雑誌

東南アジア史学会会報

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.3-4, 1975-11