著者
洲鎌 秀永 柿沼 由彦 竹之内 敬人 橋本 款 Conti Bruno
出版者
日本医科大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2015-04-01

申請者はパーキンソン病発症における慢性ストレスの影響を調べる事を目的として、ラット(Wistar rat)を用いて慢性ストレスの影響を検討した。今回、慢性ストレス(1日8時間、5日/週)を継続的に負荷すると、数週間で黒質、青斑核、腹側被蓋野の神経細胞数の脱落が生じるという事を明らかにした。又、同部位において、活性化したミクログリアが検出された。更に、活性酸素関連のニトロチロシンも同様に上昇を示した。以上より、慢性ストレス下では活性化したミクログリアから活性酸素が過剰産生されて神経細胞に障害を与えている事が示唆された。
著者
洲鎌 秀永 柿沼 由彦
出版者
日本医科大学医学会
雑誌
日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.3, pp.96-105, 2019-06-15 (Released:2019-07-10)
参考文献数
59

Stress has been well documented to bring about various clinical disorders, ranging from neurodegeneration, as seen in such conditions as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease, to metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. It is also known that dysregulation of immune responses in the brain is closely linked to clinical disorders. In fact, it is accepted that stress associated with daily activities, be it good or not, can affect immunity as well as general health. However, the effects of stress on immune functions, especially brain immune cells, are not fully understood. As for immune cells, three types of glial cells contribute mainly to brain immunity: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Microglia differ from the others in several aspects: first, they have a monocyte lineage; and second, they originate from the mesoderm, while astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, like neuronal cells, originate from the ectoderm. Thus, microglia are considered to be the central player in exerting immune functions in the brain. In this review, we describe the microglial responses induced by various kinds of stress and propose a possible mechanism by which stress induces microglial activation.