著者

深石 圭子 木下 庸子 大内田 史郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.763, pp.2005-2015, 2019 (Released:2019-09-30)

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Nobuko Nakahara is one of the prominent architects who led the postwar housing design and established Hayashi-Yamada-Nakahara, Architects and Preservation in 1958. In this paper, it is aimed at comprehensively clarifying the design process and the background of “Chogakuin temple (1962)” with the HP shell roof which was completed just 4 years after her office was founded. She entered the Ikebe Laboratory of the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo as a technical research student, and in the midst of the Controversies on Japanese tradition that involved Kiyoshi Ikebe, she was in charge of designing works “Number 20” and “Number 28.” In addition, the Ikebe Laboratory was actively working on a shell structure which was a new technology at that time. And, Nakahara closely related herself to “Numazu City Public Hall(1953)” designed by Ikebe Laboratory, and became close to Hoji Nukushina who was indirectly involved in structural design and Takumi Orimoto, a structural designer of “Number 38 (1958)”. Buildings adopting HP shell in Japan were built from around 1952. The number of shingles of the HP shell accounts for mostly one which constitutes one unit by one sheet and one which constitutes one unit by four sheets. As a new construction of reinforced concrete construction, “Chogakuin temple” is a work that Nobuko Nakahara first worked on after the establishment of the office and was published in a magazine titled “Integration of HP Shell and Tradition.” Chief priest and Parishioners wanted a warm and soft atmosphere. Therefore, Nakahara responded to the demand by adopting "Disconnected HP shell, " for example, by curving the edge beam of the shell. At the time, there were no roofs of exactly the same shape as this. The roof of the main “Chogakuin temple” is a combination of 4 HP shells, and its roof is supported by 4 pillars. The beams and pillars have an equilateral triangular cross-sectional shape, and they handle rainwater with grooves in them. Works that used “Disconnected HP shell” in times when structural expressionism is popular, “Chogakuin temple” is the only example, other than the saddle shell. The reason why Nobuko Nakahara was able to complete the design of “Chogakuin temple” to integrate HP shell and the Japanese tradition in 1962, the following could be noted. 1. She learned about modern architectural thinking from Kiyoshi Ikebe so she could understand Japanese traditional design and structural expressionism. 2. She experienced the Controversies on Japanese tradition in Ikebe Laboratory and others, and established a basic way of thinking against this problem. She accepted positively the desire of Chief priest and Parishioners while designing this temple. 3. In the Ikebe Laboratory which was motivated to apply the new technology, she learned about HP shell, gained network with structural designer Hoji Nukushina and others, and completed the “Chogakuin temple” design under the support of them. The way of thinking of Kiyoshi Ikebe about tradition simply did not adopt the Japanese element as it was. On the Contrary, it was going beyond tradition using new materials, construction methods, and techniques. As a disciple of Kiyoshi Ikebe, Nobuko Nakahara followed his idea with the cooperation of others and applied them to “Chogakuin temple” in its realization.

著者

深石 圭子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

一般社団法人日本家政学会研究発表要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, 2017

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<b>研究の背景</b> 我が国経済の高度成長に伴う35年以降無秩序な宅地化の進展は「農住都市」構想へと向かう。昭和40年柿生農協では組合長鈴木新之助、農林中央金庫組合金融推進部の山名元を中心に農協建築研究会による住宅相談事業を発足し、これはその後のコーポラティブ事業、新百合ヶ丘開発に至る第一歩である。<br><b>研究の目的</b> 住宅相談事業で実現した住宅の内、林・山田・中原設計同人の中原暢子(以下中原という)が設計したものを分析し、昭和40年代の都市農家住宅についての傾向及び中原の考え方を読み取る。中原はこのプロジェクトの第1号農村住宅の設計者であり、柿生農協のパンフレットに印刷されており、設計数が多いことから、この住宅相談事業での典型的な農村住宅であると考える。<br><b>研究の方法</b> 中原暢子が林・山田・中原設計同人で設計図書を所員であった白井克典氏から本学に寄贈された原図等を保管しているが、そのうち見積提出先が柿生農協としているものを分析対象とした。<br><b>研究の結果</b> 1)すべての住宅について続き間が確保されている。2)子供室、老人室及び夫婦寝室を分離している。3)土間食堂、土間台所は農作業の規模、内容によって大きく変わる。4)食事室は必要に応じて上足用と下足用が並置される。5)浴室とサービスヤードの連結は密接である。