著者

斎藤 隆太郎 渡邊 悠美 大月 敏雄 深見 かほり

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. E-2, 建築計画II, 住居・住宅地, 農村計画, 教育 (ISSN:13414526)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, pp.271-272, 2006-07-31

被引用文献数

2

著者

深見 かほり

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

奨励研究

巻号頁・発行日

2011

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本研究では居住者組織主体で住宅地および周辺環境の空間の維持管理に取り組んでいる戸建住宅地の居住者組織を対象に、ヒアリング調査および現地悉皆調査を行なった。本年度はこれまで対象としてきた開発住宅地だけでなく、既成住宅地の居住者組織も調査対象とした。今回の開発戸建住宅地の調査では、設計段階における開発コンセプトが現在のまちなみ維持活動や居住者組織の運営へのどのように影響をしているかという点も調査項目に加えた。まず、建築家宮脇檀が設計した東京都日野市の「高幡鹿島台ガーデン54」では、居住者が設計コンセプトを理解・継承しつつ、開発後30年を経た中で新規居住者を取り込みながら新たな住環境維持活動に取り組んでいる実態が確認できた。また、大手ディベロッパーが開発した、東京都武蔵野市の「ファインコート武蔵境」においては住環境運営活動を行なう居住者組織はないが、設計段階でまちなみ形成とコミュニティ形成を促すものとして敷地内に植栽帯を施すことでまちなみとして植栽帯が続く沿道となるような空間的な仕掛けをした結果、意図通り居住者は植栽を通してまちなみ維持への意識が高まり、また植栽管理を通した近所付き合いが行なわれていることがわかった。一方、既成住宅地の調査では東京都目黒区の既成住宅地の組織化されていない主婦グループが5年以上継続的に続けているハロウィンのイベント活動の事例から、これまで従来の地域組織が担ってきた地域活動とは異なる新しい地域運営の可能性が伺えた。また、沖縄県北中城村大城の「大城花咲爺会」では、世界遺産を有する村内の住環境維持を高齢者組織が中心となり村の伝統や文化を守りつつ美化活動を行っていること、高知県安芸市の「土居廓中保存会」の活動では伝統的集落の保存を中心とした住環境の維持を若手の新規居住者が中心になり取り組んでいる実態が確認できた。今年度の調査を通し、設計段階での住宅地の空間的デザインはその後の住環境運営活動に影響する可能性、また住環境運営活動を担う人材について従来型の地域組織によらない新たな組織構成の知見を得ることが出来た。

著者

安武 敦子 大月 敏雄 深見 かほり

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.736, pp.1467-1474, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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The present study focuses on “Nagayamon” gates, one format of constituent buildings in a rural estate, with the aim of clarifying their origins and inheritance processes to date. Nagayamon gates remain in large numbers in rural parts of the Kanto region, but the gates, as items of cultural property, have been regarded as appendages to main houses, and therefore, no statistical data and few records are available on them. Our study shows that Nagayamon gates in rural areas first emerged in the first half of the 18th century, with village heads and other well-off farmers building them under the reign of feudal lords. The abundance of Nagayamon gates in central Ibaraki Prefecture can be attributed to factors of the ruling structure, whereby frequent relocations of lords toward the end of the feudal age split up their domains and increased the number of “aikyu” villages that were divided between different lords. Our case study shows about 40 percent of Nagayamon gates were built during the feudal age, with many of them located in aikyu and other villages where more than one ruler reigned, as well as in smaller feudal domains. Historical documents and oral tradition indicate that rulers used Nagayamon as a means of domain administration, such as by issuing Nagayamon construction permits in exchange for cash or labor, and by allowing farmers with reserves to build Nagayamon at times of famine in exchange for their release of grain from their reserves. More than half of all Nagayamon gates were built in the Meiji Era or later. They adopted a symbolic quality that had originated in the Edo Period, and they were popular among well-off and non-collateral families, or families of about the same social standing as those that had built Nagayamon during the Edo Period. The fact that they were introduced as symbolic objects is demonstrated by the less practical choice of their distances from the main house, orientations, building materials and other attributes than in a reference village on an island; their layouts that take account of the street-facing side of the estate; and the different wall finishes used on the front and back faces. Use of Nagayamon has been centered on accommodating retired members of the family well into the postwar period, but it has also complemented community demands by drawing on their spatial separation from the main houses, such as by allowing third parties to occupy them or providing venues for public activity. But disuse rose sharply and has hovered around 40 percent since around 1980, with their owners leaving the farming business, their children moving out, and new houses being built to accommodate retired family members. Conversion of functions to use Nagayamon gates as galleries, shops or other establishments by drawing on their characteristic locations has so far been rare. While new Nagayamon gates have seldom been built in recent years, existing ones have been renewed or maintained by total replacement, partial rebuilding or repairs. Interviews with their owners indicated they are highly motivated to pass on the items of heritage. Despite changes in roof materials and extensions, Nagayamon gates still observe a certain format, so they are recognized as a constituent element of community landscape, and their continued inheritance is desired by third parties as well.

著者

鈴木 智香子 大月 敏雄 深見 かほり

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.628, pp.1173-1180, 2008-06-30 (Released:2009-09-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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This study aims to clarify the background and the process of transformation of the Inari-yamashita accomodation housing built for the victims of the Great Kanto Earthquake built in Yokohama City in 1925, which was a 1st-floor wooden tenement house. We found that this housing was one of the two facilities for accommodating the victims evicted from temporary shanties, under the strong intention of social welfare by Yokohama City. And the planning of this accommodation was quite similar to that of the Dojunkwai Foundaation, but this accommodation has used the old materials like king-post-truss from the roof of the former shanties, so in a structural way, this was a big condition of construction of this accommodation. Through measuring this building, we investigated many activities of the dwellers to transform the housing.