著者

瀬戸 康雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.1, pp.53-69, 2009-01-01 (Released:2009-01-01)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

12 17

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Chemical and biological warfare agents (CBWA's) are diverse in nature; volatile acute low-molecular-weight toxic compounds, chemical warfare agents (CWA's, gaseous choking and blood agents, volatile nerve gases and blister agents, nonvolatile vomit agents and lacrymators), biological toxins (nonvolatile low-molecular-weight toxins, proteinous toxins) and microbes (bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae). In the consequence management against chemical and biological terrorism, speedy decontamination of victims, facilities and equipment is required for the minimization of the damage. In the present situation, washing victims and contaminated materials with large volumes of water is the basic way, and additionally hypochlorite salt solution is used for decomposition of CWA's. However, it still remains unsolved how to dispose large volumes of waste water, and the decontamination reagents have serious limitation of high toxicity, despoiling nature against the environments, long finishing time and non-durability in effective decontamination. Namely, the existing decontamination system is not effective, nonspecifically affecting the surrounding non-target materials. Therefore, it is the urgent matter to build up the usable decontamination system surpassing the present technologies. The symposiast presents the on-going joint project of research and development of the novel decontamination system against CBWA's, in the purpose of realizing nontoxic, fast, specific, effective and economical terrorism on-site decontamination. The projects consists of (1) establishment of the decontamination evaluation methods and verification of the existing technologies and adaptation of bacterial organophosphorus hydrolase, (2) development of adsorptive elimination technologies using molecular recognition tools, and (4) development of deactivation technologies using photocatalysis.

著者

瀬戸 康雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本分析化学会

雑誌

分析化学 (ISSN:05251931)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.12, pp.981-991, 2007 (Released:2008-01-29)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 2

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1998年に発生した和歌山毒カレー事件のような,原因不明の大規模な中毒事件の発生は,安全・安心な社会を脅かすものであり,行政レベルで十分な対策を施す必要がある.分析化学がこのような毒劇物中毒事件発生の危機にいかに貢献すべきであるか.著者は,警察庁科学警察研究所において,シアンなどの揮発性毒物の分析,代謝,毒性に係る研究,鑑定,都道府県警察本部科学捜査研究所職員に対する研修・指導を業務としてきたが,1998年に発生した毒物連鎖事件の鑑定に携わった.本総合論文では,毒物連鎖事件と著者が担当した鑑定の概要を紹介し,本事件の事後対応における反省点を挙げ,原因不明の中毒事件に際した場合の毒物検査に従事する分析化学者が留意すべき点に関して述べる.

著者

金森 美江子 野口 絵里子 金森 達之 大森 毅 瀬戸 康雄

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.145-151, 2011 (Released:2011-08-12)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 2

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We ascertained that one of the lachrymator, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), reacted with alkyl alcohol to form O-alkyl allylthiocarbamate. AITC was incubated with methanol, ethanol (EtOH) or 2-propanol, respectively, and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). On the total ion chromatogram of the reaction mixture, one peak appeared which was different from AITC, and the molecular weight was 131, 145 or 159, respectively. The reaction product of AITC with EtOH was prepared from the mixture. By 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, six pairs of the signals which resembled each other appeared at room temperature and some of the paired signals overlapped by heating. It was suggested that the reaction product of AITC with EtOH was O-ethyl allylthiocarbamate, and that it was composed of the mixture of conformational isomers at room temperature.

著者

瀬戸 康雄 井上 博之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.5, pp.683-684, 2019-05-01 (Released:2019-05-01)

著者

大森 毅 組橋 充 遠堂 郁 中澤 寛子 竹川 健一 内川 貴志 瀬戸 康雄

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.91-101, 2018

被引用文献数

1

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&emsp;We performed comparative investigation in visible-spectrophotometric methods for determining carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) in blood samples. About 58% carboxyhemoglobin-saturation (%CO-Hb) of blood samples (sample H) was prepared from control blood by carbon monoxide bubbling and this sample was diluted to be 4/11 and 3/25 with control human blood to prepare moderate and weak CO-Hb saturated samples (sample M and L, respectively). We measured %CO-Hb of four samples, samples H, M, L and control human blood (relative %CO-Hb were 1.00, 0.36, 0.12 and 0, respectively), by four different methods in five different forensic science laboratories. By summing up the measurement results, the method (1), which is described in &ldquo;Standard method of chemical analysis in poisoning (edited by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)&rdquo;, gave %CO-Hb values that reflected the relative %CO-Hb of the four samples. The method (2), which is an isosbestic point method (developed by Department of Forensic Medicine, Kagawa University) gave higher values compared to the expected ones. The method (3), which is performed with a strong alkaline condition, gave higher values for low %CO-Hb samples by Katsumata's formula (method (3)-1). But the values calculated using the formula improved by Forensic Science Laboratory, Hokkaido Prefectural Police H.Q. (method (3)-2), gave the values reflecting the relative %CO-Hb. The method (4), which is also performed with a strong alkaline method, gave values which reflected the relative %CO-Hb when the Fukui's formula was used for calculation. But the formula modified by Aoki (method (4)-2) gave higher values for the blood samples of low %CO-Hb. In comparison of the three methods that gave the values reflecting the relative %CO-Hb, the method (1) and (3)-2 gave similar values but the measured values obtained by method (4)-1 was lower than the values obtained by method (1) and (3)-2. On the other hand, the method (3)-2 and method (1) showed the large dispersion in the measured values among the laboratories, but the dispersion by the method (4)-1 was small.<br>

著者

瀬戸 康雄 井浦 一光 糸井 輝雄 柘浩 一郎 片岡 美江子

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.39-47, 2004 (Released:2007-12-05)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

7 8

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The detection performance of an Environics OY M90 chemical warfare agent detector was investigated with nerve gases, blister agents, blood agents and related compounds. The vapors of sarin, soman, tabun, dimethylmethylphosphonate and also acetone were recognized as “NERVE”, those of mustard gas, lewisite 1 and also 2-mercaptoethanol as “BLISTER”, and those of hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride as “NERVE” or none and not as “BLOOD”. Neither the vapors of solvents, such as methanol and n-hexane, nor the mixture of sarin and acetone, both of which were recognized as “NERVE”, were categorized as any chemical agent. The time from the sample drawing until the alarm indication varied with the species of chemicals, from a few seconds for sarin to a half minute for lewisite 1. Except for mustard gas, once chemical agents were drawn into the detector for two minutes, the alarm indication continued for longer than 10 minutes and it took several minutes for the maximum intensity to be reduce by half.

著者

瀬戸 康雄 井浦 一光 金森 美江子

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.49-61, 2005 (Released:2007-12-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

5 5

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Gas chromatographic mass-spectrometric analysis was performed for chemical warfare agents and related compounds including sarin, soman, tabun, VX, mustard gas, lewisite 1, 2-chloroacetophenone, o-chlorobenzilidenemalononitrile and capsaicin, under electron ionization and methane chemical ionization conditions using apolar and polar capillary columns. It was possible to identify the tested compounds with respects to their retention indices and mass spectra. Under the analytical conditions of split ratio (50:1), electron ionization and scan mode data aquisition, the limit of detection ranged from 0.06 to 7 μg/ml, except for the low detection sensitivity of lewisite 1.

著者

瀬戸 康雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本分析化学会

雑誌

分析化学 (ISSN:05251931)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.12, pp.891-906, 2006 (Released:2006-12-26)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

16 19

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炭疽菌等の生物剤やサリン等の化学剤が用いられる生物化学テロの事前・事後管理への対処において現場で実施されるモニタリングや検知は,テロ発生の抑止や被害の最小化のために必要である.この現場検知に要求される測定資機材の性能は,生物化学剤の致死濃度・最小感染量,及び毒性発現・発症時間に大きく影響される.本研究では,市販の現場検知資機材である検知紙,ガス検知管,炎光光度検知器,光イオン化検知器,イオンモビリティスペクトロメーター,表面弾性波検知器,フーリエ変換赤外吸収スペクトロメーター,質量分析計,アデノシン5'-三リン酸(ATP)生物発光測定キット,フローサイトメーター,免疫ストリップに関して,実剤又は擬剤を用いて検知性能を検証した.その結果,検知可能な生物化学剤の種類,検知感度,検知精度,応答時間,操作性等に関して要求される性能をすべて満たす検知資機材はなかった.ガス性化学剤の検知性能に優れるテープ光電光度法装置,揮発性及び難揮発性化学剤の高感度連続検知・特定が可能な逆流型大気圧化学イオン化質量分析装置,並びに糖鎖を分子認識素子とし生物毒素を特異的に検知するバイオセンサーなどを従来の検知資機材と組み合わせて活用することにより,現場で漏れなく一斉かつ迅速に生物化学剤の検知が可能になると思われる.

著者

松下 浩二 関口 裕之 瀬戸 康雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本分析化学会

雑誌

分析化学 (ISSN:05251931)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.83-88, 2005 (Released:2005-04-08)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

24 28

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The detection performance of a portable surface acoustic wave sensor array chemical agent detector (JCAD, BAE Systems) was investigated with nerve gases, blister agents, and blood agents. The vapors of sarin, soman, tabun and lewisite 1 (low level) were recognized as “NERV (nerve agent)” after about 10 sec of sampling, and the detection limits were about 30, 50, 100 and 300 mg/m3, respectively. The vapors of mustard gas and lewisite 1 (high level) were recognized as “BL (blister agent)” after about 10 sec sampling, and the detection limit for mustard gas was about 40 mg/m3. The gases of hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride were recognized as “BLOD (blood agent)” after about 2 min sampling, and the detection limits were about 30 and 1000 mg/m3, respectively. Many solvents, such as methanol, dichloromethane and ammonia, were also recognized as chemical-warfare agents.

著者

太田 彦人 瀬戸 康雄 角田 紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.155-160, 1993

被引用文献数

2

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The determination and confirmation of trans-10-hydroxydecenoic acid (10-HDA) in royal jelly (RJ) were developed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC-chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CI-MS) equipped with an ion trap detector (ITD) as a mass spectrometer. It was found that 10-HDA extracted with dichloromethane at pH 2.5 was converted into trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative in a constant yield by the reaction with N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide at room temperature for 15 min. The recovery of 10-HDA (50 μg) was 99.5%. The TMS derivatives of raw RJ tested showed a satisfactory result of separation and sensitivity by GC using a DB-1 capillary column with a flame ionization detector. The linear dynamic detection range was approximately from 50 ng to 500 μg (16.7-167000 ppm) determined using n-eicosane as an internal standard. The minimum detectable amount of 10-HDA was found to be 50 ng (16.7 ppm) at the split ratio of 40 : 1 of the split injection. The amount of 10-HDA in the raw RJ sample was 2.28±0.04% determined by the GC method and 2.25±0.01% by the HPLC method as described previously, respectively. The TMS derivatives of 10-HDA and its related compounds in the raw RJ were confirmed by ITD-GC. The diagnostic ions of TMS-HDA were presented at m/z 331 (M+1), 315 (M-Me), and 241 (M-OTMS) in isobutane CI mode. The present GC method is an easier and more convenient method for the analysis of 10-HDA in RJ and is applicable for the determination and confirmation of 10-HDA in forensic and food samples.

著者

岸 慎太郎 關岡 亮二 袖山 真学 志賀 正恩 瀬戸 康雄

出版者

The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry

雑誌

分析化学 = Japan analyst (ISSN:05251931)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.65-76, 2010-01-05

被引用文献数

17

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The detection performance of a portable ²⁴¹Am ionization aspiration-type ion mobility spectrometer (M90-D1-C, Environics Oy) was investigated with nerve gases, blister agents, blood agents, choking agents and related compounds. The vapors of nerve gases, sarin, soman, tabun, cyclohexylsarin were recognized as "NERVE" after about several seconds of sampling, and the limits of detection (LOD) were < 0.3 mg m⁻³. The vapors of blister agents, mustard gas and lewisite 1, and blood agents, hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride were recognized as "BLISTER" with an LOD of < 2.4 mg m⁻³ and > 415 mg m⁻³, respectively. The vapor of chlorine was recognized as "BLOOD" with an LOD of 820 mg m⁻³. The vapors of nitrogen mustard 3 and chlorpicrin were recognized as different alarm classes, depending on their concentrations. The vapors of nitrogen mustard 1, 2 and phosgene did not show any alarm. As for interference, the vapors of nerve gas simulants, dimethylmethylphosphonate, trimethylphosphate, triethylphosphate, diisopropylfluorophosphate, blister agent simulants, 2-chloroethylethylsulfide, 1,4-thioxane, 2-mercaptoethanol, and 20 organic solvents within 38 solvents examined were recognized false-positively. The patterns of detection sensor channel response values of 6 ion mobility cells and semiconductor cell were compared with the situation of the alarm against chemical-warfare agents.