著者
山下 節義 土居 真 西尾 雅七 北條 博厚 田中 昌人
出版者
日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.4, pp.364-399, 1972-10-28 (Released:2009-02-17)
参考文献数
104
被引用文献数
19 36

In the summer of 1955, 12, 131 children in western Japan were poisoned as a result of the consumpting “Morinaga Dry Milk” (according to 1956 survey conducted by the Welfare Ministry). 130 of children actually died as a result of this poisoning. The arsenic contained in the milk resulted from the poorly purified “Secondary Sodium Phosphate” used as a stabilizer in the manufacturing process of powdered milk.The afflicted infants were those for whom the powdered milk served as a main food and who were physically and mentally in the developing process. Such mass-poisoning had heretofore never been reported in the world.As the symptoms of poisoning disappeared, these children were thought to have been cured. The issue was closed medically and administrationally in 1956 as the conclusion had been reached that there would be no longlasting effects.In 1969, Dr. Maruyama et al. (J.J.P.H. Vol. 16, No. 3, p. 170, 1969) reported continuing effects of this arsenic poisoning, once more reviving the medical and social problem. From that time, surveys of these patients were carried out in several places in western Japan.In Kyoto, from December 1970 to July 1971, inclusive checks were done as follows: Epidemiological Survey (415 Subjects), Clinical Survey (291 Subjects) and Clinical Psychological Survey (261 Subjects).The Kyoto victims presented the following:1. In Kyoto, many victims had a much higher rate of physical and mental complaints than the control group.2. Average height was less than that of the same age group.3. Rate of victims who showed proteinuria (male 14%, female 12%) was higher than that of the same age group.4. Abnormal and borderline brain waves were found to be much higher rate in victims (abnormal 14%, borderline 17%) than average.5. The younger the age of milk consumption, the higher were the rates of abnormal brain waves.6. Central nervous system disorders eq. epilepsy, minimal brain damage syndrome, mental retardation etc. were found to be higher rate than average.7. Numbers of the patients with hardness of hearing (18%) were above average.8. Numbers of the patients with anomaly of refraction (48%) were above average.9. Many victims (64%) had symptoms of skin that characterized pigmentation and depigmentation rashes etc..10. Tooth enamel dysplasia was found in higher rates among victims.11. Numbers of victims (21%) with an IQ of less than 85 exceeded average numbers, according to Educational Ministry Statistics.12. In psychological tests, eq. Uchida-Kraepelin methods, atypical group in victims was found to be higher rate than average.13. Many had irregular and painful menstruation.14. Many complaints of victims continued from infancy.15. The result of this follow-up study is not inconsistent with the result of pathological and clinical report in 1955.16. Clinical findings and diagnostic reports of this survey are just the same as those in Osaka and Okayama etc.As mentioned above, it can be concluded that the physical and mental defects of these victims are the result of consumption of arsenic tainted “Morinaga Dry Milk” and that these persons have received no therapy for 16 years.These victims are now in physical and mental adolescent changes. As they have had no follow-up medical care, a prediction of their health in adult hood is impossible.For these reasons, a continuation of the surveys is most necessary, and, counterplans-social care, health consultations, psychological counselling including educational problems etc.-should be carried out by medical and psychological specialists.
著者
和田 修二 高木 英明 田中 昌人 坂野 登 柴野 昌山 岡田 渥美
出版者
京都大学
雑誌
一般研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
1987

今年度において特に明らかになった重要な知見として次のようなものがある。1.今日の大学教育のあり方を考える上で、最も重要な論点の一つは、大学教育におけるいわゆる「一般教育」の位置づけにあると思われる。しかし、戦後の大学改革の経過においても「専門教育」と「一般教育」との接続の仕方は未だ十分に改善されているとは言い難く、その結果「一般教育」の必要性すら疑問に付されている。しかし、一方で専門的な学習・研究にとって「一般教育」は依然として不可欠であり、また他面、現在ではむしろ大学が融通の効かない専門家ではなく、「一般教育」を十分に身につけ広い視野をもった人材育成の場となることも各界から望まれているという事実もあり、この点に鑑みれば、「専門教育」の準備段階としてのみならず、それをより高い次元で総合し、広め深めるもっと積極的な意義と位置を「一般教育」に与えることが、今後の大学改革にとって必要な視点と思われる。2.今日の大学のあり方の問題に関わって、企業による新卒学生の選抜過程や、学生生活の実態の調査から次のような新しい観点も提出された。従来大学の機能は専ら専門的な技能や知識の習得にあると考えられてきたが、しかし現実には、大学は各学生の一種の社会化をフォ-マル・インフォ-マルに促進する「かくれた」機能ももっており、この点も明確に考慮にいれた大学の改革が必要である。3.近年社会人の再教育・継続教育の場として大学が注目されているが、大学入試制度の一環たる社会人入学の選抜方法は未だ模索中であると言える。わが国の選抜方法は、諸外国に比べ入学希望者にとって比較的条件の厳しいものであり、この点では更に多様で開かれた選抜方法の可能性が検討される必要がある。