著者

篠原 康男 前田 正登

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15096, (Released:2016-08-29)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

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This study aimed to clarify the composition of the phases (acceleration, full sprint, and velocity endurance) in the 50-m sprint as performed by elementary school students, focusing on changes in running velocity. The subjects were 169 boys and 178 girls in the first to sixth grades of elementary school, who performed a 50-m sprint from a standing start. Running velocity was measured using a laser distance meter, which was synchronized with a video camera that recorded the entire sprint. It was found that the running time of the total sprint was significantly shorter and that maximal velocity was significantly higher for higher-grade than for lower-grade students. The distances of the acceleration phase and full sprint phase were significantly longer for higher-grade than for lower-grade students, but there was no significant difference in the duration of these phases by grade. However, both the distance and duration of the velocity endurance phase were significantly shorter for higher-grade than for lower-grade students. Step length in the acceleration, full sprint, and velocity endurance phases was longer for higher-grade than for lower-grade students. However, step frequency at each phase tended to be almost equal or slightly lower for higher-grade than for lower-grade students. The SL index for higher-grade boys tended to be higher than for lower-grade boys. However, for girls, there was little difference in the SL index at each phase for second-grade students or above. Taken together, the results indicate that the velocity endurance phase comprises the majority of the 50-m sprint when performed by lower-grade students. However, for higher-grade students, the velocity endurance phase is shorter due to the relative increases in the acceleration and sprint phases. This suggests that the distance of the acceleration and full sprint phases affects the distance and duration of the velocity endurance phase.

著者

篠原 康男 前田 正登

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13007, (Released:2013-10-11)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3

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The forces applied to the starting blocks are an important aspect of a sprint start. For achieving the most effective start, however, the relationship between these forces and block clearance has not been clarified. In this study, an experiment was conducted with collegiate sprinters in order to elucidate this relationship. The 19 male participants performed a start dash from the blocks as in a typical sprint race, and the forces applied to the front and rear starting blocks, as well as to the ground during the first step, were measured with force plates. The following results were obtained. Based on the impulses applied to the starting blocks, the horizontal impulse component had a greater effect than the vertical impulse component at block clearance. Furthermore, at block clearance, the horizontal component of the impulse applied to the front block accounted for a large proportion of the total horizontal impulse applied to the starting blocks. However, there was a significant correlation between the horizontal component of the impulse applied to the rear block and the total horizontal impulse applied to the starting blocks. The horizontal component of the impulse was affected by the duration of force application to the blocks. Moreover, the horizontal component of the impulse applied to the starting blocks was unrelated to block placement. This indicates that the component was affected by the position of the sprinter relative to the front and rear blocks. Lastly, the horizontal impulse component at block clearance affected the sprint start until grounding of the first step, after which this relationship differed according to the starting strategy and grounding skill of individual participants.

著者

篠原 康男 上田 憲嗣 島崎 崇史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第70回(2019) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.83_3, 2019 (Released:2019-12-20)

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学士課程における教養体育では、「体育」ではなく、「スポーツ」が科目名に含まれていることが多い(梶田ほか、2018)。これは、当該科目で扱うスポーツ種目に関して、ルールや技術だけでなく、その成り立ちをも含めた幅広い知識を学ぶことが期待されているからであろう。そのため、学士課程における教養体育とは、ただそのスポーツ種目を実践するだけでなく、自分たちが生きる社会とスポーツのかかわりを「学び、考える場」ともいえよう。そこで本研究では、自然科学・人文科学・社会科学など様々な観点からスポーツ種目を捉えたコラムを配布教材として作成・配布し、学生の教養体育での学びに与える効果を検討した。対象はR大学における「スポーツ方法実習Ⅰ」でバドミントンを選択した2クラスとし、コラムを配布する介入クラスと、コラムを配布しない非介入クラスに分けた。介入クラスに対しては、第1回目から第14回目の各授業内で「バドミントン×○○」というテーマのコラムを配布し、内容の解説を行った。これらのクラスに対し、授業の学習に関するものや身体活動量(IPAQ)、健康度と生活習慣に関するアンケートを実施し、コラムの配布効果を検討した。