著者

西村 正秀

出版者

滋賀大学経済学会

雑誌

彦根論叢 (ISSN:03875989)

巻号頁・発行日

no.393, pp.38-49, 2012

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In "Visual Attention and the Epistemic Role of Consciousness" (2011), John Campbell defends the claim that consciousness is necessary for visual attention. It has been thought that this claim was incoherent with the cases of blindsight where a subject seemed to attend to an object without having a conscious experience of it. In order to dismiss this objection, Campbell appeals to the Boolean map theory of visual attention, a psychological theory developed by Liqiang Huang and Harold Pashler. On this theory, attention consists of two stages, selection and access. The opponents of Campbell suppose that attention is identical to access. This is the reason why blindsight has been regarded as a counterexample of Campbell's claim, because at least a blindsighted subject has an access to an object. Campbell denies this supposition. He argues that consciousness is not connected to access but to selection. If his arguments are sound, we can interpret that a blindsighted subject does not attend to an object because he does not select it consciously. My aim in this paper is to show that Campbell's arguments for the connection between consciousness and selection are not fully convincing.This conclusion supports a slogan endorsed bysome cognitive scientists and philosophers suchthat consciousness is not required for perceptual reference.

著者

西村 正秀

出版者

滋賀大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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本研究では、「視知覚において個別的対象はどのように表象されるのか」という問題に答えた。成果は次の三点に要約できる。(1)枠組みとして使用されるべき知覚理論はバージ的単称志向説である。(2)知覚における対象の表象は、従来の因果・情報論的表象理論を統計学の道具立てによって修正した、アッシャー/エリアスミス流の「相互情報量理論」で説明される。(3)知覚経験の現象的性格は知覚指示に寄与しない。

著者

西村 正秀

出版者

京都大学哲学論叢刊行会

雑誌

哲学論叢 (ISSN:0914143X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.46-62, 2012

著者

西村 正秀 岩月 拓 神崎 宣次 小山 虎 渡辺 一弘

出版者

Japanese Association for the Contemporary and Applied Philosophy (JACAP)

雑誌

Contemporary and Applied Philosophy (ISSN:18834329)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.1001-1041, 2009-11-12

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This essay surveys some issues in the applied philosophy in the English speaking world. In September 2008, Japanese Association for the Contemporary and Applied Philosophy (JACAP) was established. An issue of this association is how to characterize applied philosophy. In the existing journals such as Journal of Applied Philosophy (JAP) and International Journal of Applied Philosophy (IJAP), the term "applied philosophy" has been used as another name of applied ethics. JACAP, however, wants to mean something more general than mere applied ethics by this term. The aim of this essay is to provide a preliminary work for this new "applied philosophy," by surveying what issues the existing "applied philosophy" in the English speaking world has handled so far. This essay consists of two parts. The first part picks up four topics of applied ethics that have recently appeared as special issues in JAP. To be concrete, these topics are "workfare," "disenfranchising felons," "moralism" and "the ethics of war." This survey gives us a sense of what issues are currently discussed in the existing journal of applied philosophy. The second part surveys a couple of issues that can be seen as different from those of mere applied ethics. The surveyed issues are "the philosophy of economics," "philosophical counseling," "deception in social science research," and "social epistemology and information science." They are taken not only from JAP but also from other resources such as Social Epistemology. Some of these issues—for instance, philosophical counseling and social epistemology and information science—are suggestive in that they show several ways for developing applied philosophy that is not restricted within the field of moral and political philosophy