著者
山中 すみへ 田中 界治 田中 久雄 西村 正雄
出版者
Japanese Society for Oral Health
雑誌
口腔衛生学会雑誌 (ISSN:00232831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.4, pp.307-313, 1977 (Released:2010-03-02)
参考文献数
31

歯科診療においてアマルガムは重要な充填材料であるが, アマルガム使用による水銀の環境汚染が新たな問題となってきた。とくに最近, 河川や魚介類の水銀汚染が社会問題になり, 排水基準も5ppb以下に規制されるようになった。そこで, 歯科診療における各ステップの排水や排水口のスラッジ, 周辺の土壌などの水銀濃度を分析して, 歯科診療による水銀の排出, 環境への汚染の実態を調べた。バキューム管で吸引され。汚物水, うがい水, ユニット直下の排水, そして歯科診療所の最終排水と大量の流水に希釈されるに従って排水中水銀濃度が減少しているが, 排水を通じての水銀の放出は決して少なくはないことが明らかとなった。とくに最終排水中水銀濃度は平均値で11.3ppbであり, ほとんどの歯科診療所は現在の排水基準値の5ppbを上まわっていた。また歯科診療所周辺の土壌中にも比較的高い水銀濃度を認め, さらに排水口のスラッジでは10600ppmと非常に高く排水中の水銀を濃縮していることを示した。以上のことから歯科診療から排出された無機水銀は, メチル水銀に変換する危険性が余りないとはいえ, 排水を通じて環境への水銀汚染は, 土壌やスラッジヘの蓄積によりかなり高濃度となっていることが明らかとなったので, 対策の必要性を改めて確認した。
著者
西村 正雄 三浦 章宏 山際 源二郎 貞包 剛男 大橋 忠 中条 弘 上田 喜一
出版者
Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
雑誌
口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:04541693)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.2, pp.384-390, 1960-07-01 (Released:2011-07-25)
参考文献数
17

The amalgam restoration is regarded as the simplest and best method for the mass treatment of earlier carious lesions in pre-ventive dentistry but there are still some practical problems that remain unsolved.More efficient technics is to be divised and also the suppresson of mercury absorption by the operators is the important point in such severe exposure to mercury.This investigation was designed to improve the usual procedure by combining the use of an mechanical amalgamator and pre-prepared amalgam kept in a vacuum bottle containing dry ice.The air turbine (Air Dent Unit) was also applied in full through this experiment to reduce the cutting time and the pain or uncomfortable feeling of the children.1) The mechanical amalgamator which can mix mercury and alloy even at the weight ratio of 6 to 5 involed no need to sequeeze out mercury. Therefore, the time for restoration was markedly reduced to 71.5 sec.in comparison with 150 sec.in the routine manual procedure when the mixing time was set constant as 40 sec.in both methods.2) Urinary mercury excretion of three mixing operators following constantly mixing amalgam far 50 min.showed on the average the increase of 80 μ g Hg per day in the usual procedure, while using amalgamator, it only increased by 15 μ g Hg per day.3) After shaking with the amalgamator, the amalgam enough for three treatment was put in a small polyethylene tube and heat-sealed and instantly researved in a vacuum bottle containing dry ice.On the next day after 24 hours, each small tube was pulled out and kept at room temperature for halt an minute to wait softening and then the amalgam was applied.4) Physical properties of the reserved amalgam were tested with methods approved in J.I.S.(Japan Industrial Standards) and no significant differences were found.5) The time required for treating one caries tooth was 10 min.in the routine procedure, whlie combining the use of Air Dent Unit and pre-prepared amalgam reserved in dry ice bottle, it was exceedingly shortened to 1 min.and 49.5 sec.6) As a field experiment, 80 school children were successively treated by two dentists by this devised procedures in one day.The over-all time needed for the treatment of one children was 144.9 sec.on the average.7) Thus the mass amalgam restoration in preventive dentistry might be applied with high efficiency by our devised procedures.