著者

谷田 憲俊

出版者

山口大学医学会

雑誌

山口医学 (ISSN:05131731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.6, pp.189-191, 2007 (Released:2008-02-25)

参考文献数

7

著者

谷田 憲俊

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.166-174, 1998-10-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

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Death with dignity and euthanasia have been discussed in conjunction with misery in the dying process. Lack of understanding of terminal care may be contributed to on-going confusion in discussions of this issue. For example, pro-life groups often make the criticism that self-determination involving withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from terminal patients undermines the value of human life. This criticism is not valid. Life-sustaining treatments in the terminal stage are performed without medical evidence of effectiveness, and are hence called extraordinary treatments. Since there is no definite treatment option in the terminal stage, any method can be chosen from available teratments. Even if a patient chooses withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, no other person can object to the decision because nobody is morally obliged to receive uncertain extraordinary treatment for mere prolongation of the dying process. Here, self determination does not devalue human life. Rather, life and self-determination can be compatible when a terminal patient is cared for with evidence-based medicine.

著者

ベッカー カール 谷田 憲俊 得丸 定子 岩田 文昭 山崎 浩司

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2009

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目的意識や前向きな姿勢、倫理観などを高める教育を研究した。対象は教室の生徒や学生をはじめ、家庭内の親子、病院の新看護師等を含んだ。方法は、例えば講義やグループワーク、文学作品やアニメ、さらにはイメージトレーニングや瞑想法まで利用した。それらの影響は、主観的感想のみならず、唾液中の活性アミラーゼでも測ってみた。分析は今後も続くが、講演や書籍出版で詳細な成果を還元する計画である。

著者

谷田 憲俊

出版者

山口大学医学会

雑誌

山口医学 (ISSN:05131731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.89-97, 2004 (Released:2005-09-30)

参考文献数

18

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The backgrounds of informed consent in the history are described with a special reference to human experimentation, clinical trials and physicians' morality and ethical codes. The first informed consent might be one by a Japanese surgeon Hanaoka Seishu (1760-1835), which included information of diagnosis, condition, and immunity to him in case of incidence. During the extensive development in medicine from the nineteenth to twentieth century, a number of inhumane experimentations were carried out in vulnerable subjects. Then, movement against cruel human experiments emerged, and headed toward establishment of human rights. The current concept of informed consent was introduced in 1900 by the Prussian government. In 1931, Reich Minister of the Interior issued the Guidelines for New Therapy and Human Experimentation, which included almost all informed consent rules in a current sense. However, these guidelines could not stop the abuse of people in medical research by doctors. After World War 2, the Nuremberg Code and Helsinki declaration have established the current form of informed consent. However, even this final form of informed consent could not stop the abuse of research subjects by doctors as exemplified by the Taskegee syphilis study, Willowbrook hepatitis trials and the Gelsinger case in the Pennsylvania University. We must remind ourselves the history of informed consent, which tells us that even the finest form of informed consent rule can be jeopardized easily by doctors resulting in the abuse of research subjects.