著者

野口 亜弥

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.809-825, 2021 (Released:2021-11-27)

参考文献数

61

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“Sport for Development and Peace” (SDP) is a concept that has become widespread in the 21st century. In 2014, the Japanese government started the “Sport for Tomorrow” project as an international contribution and strengthened its cooperation with the ASEAN region. However, SDP has received many criticisms regarding “recolonization”. When tackling gender issues, there is a contradiction in promoting sports that embody male superiority and heterosexism (Saavedra, 2009). Thailand is both a collective society and a feminine society (Hofstead et al., 2010). Traditionally, women and men have been treated equally, but motherhood is a valued role of women, and various forms of sexual expression have become socially acceptable (Hanami, 1995; Sinnot, 2004; Thawaeesit, 2004). Gender norms that differ from the West have been observed in Thai society. Although the Thai government has integrated sports as a national strategy, its understanding of sports as a tool for fostering gender equality remains unclear. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the gender norms observed in sports by sports-related policymakers in Thailand, and the way in which sports-related policymakers perceive the role of sports in achieving gender equality in Thailand? Applying phenomenological and case study approaches, data were collected via government-published documents and semi-structured interviews with 5 policymakers. The data were analyzed using phenomenological coding. Although sports policymakers recognized fundamental gender equality, they tended to assume male superiority in sports, and strong heterosexism was observed. Female athletes were still expected to be good wives and mothers in order to maintain Thai femininity. Girls’ participation in sports was affected by parental attitudes because of Thailand’s strong seniority culture. Sports policymakers recognized that sports could expand women’s education opportunities because athletes gain advantages in entering a university and even in obtaining scholarships. The present findings suggest that sports policymakers in Thailand fail to recognize structural gender inequality in sports. In Thailand’s collective and feminine culture, reconsideration of expected roles in the family could fully liberate women, allowing them access to sports as an entry point for social inclusion. Additionally, if the only gender equality role of sport is seen as expanding education opportunities, then this suggests that sports policymakers may lack a comprehensive grasp of gender issues.

著者

野口 亜弥

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.47_3-47_3, 2016

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<p> スポーツ界において女性ロールモデルの増加は、女性のスポーツ参加を促し、彼女らの引退後のスポーツへ関わり方に影響を与えるのではないか。米国では女性も当たり前にプロの監督になることができる環境が整っており、指導者として引退後のキャリア形成を目指す女性アスリートに多く出会うことができた。スウェーデンの女子プロサッカーリーグに所属する選手は、プロモーションビデオやファンサービスを通じて、その地域のアイコン的存在となり、子どもたちの憧れの的となっていた。アスリートや指導者といったスポーツ界におけるロールモデルを身近に感じることで、選手や子どもたちの選択の幅を広げることができるのではないか。さらに、近年ではスポーツを通じて女性の社会参画を促すプログラムが開発途上国で多く行われており、ザンビアではスポーツ界における女性リーダーを育成し、彼女らの取り組みをメディアで効果的に発信することにより、社会に根付く女性イメージの変革に挑戦している。2020年東京に向けて、多くの場面でスポーツが取り上げられることが予想される。身近なロールモデルとしての女性指導者を増やし、女性アスリートを効果的にプロモーションすることで、女性のスポーツへの参画を促し、さらには、スポーツ界から社会が持つ女性イメージに変化を与えることができるのではないか。</p>

著者

野口 亜弥 小笠原 悦子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.349-366, 2020 (Released:2020-06-30)

参考文献数

67

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In 2014, after it was decided that Japan would host the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, discussions about utilizing sports to tackle social issues, referred to as Sport for Development and Peace (SDP), have increased. Additionally, Japanese policies on women’s participation in business have been reinforced since 2012, when the Japanese cabinet office included it as a key aspect of the nation’s growth strategy. With these trends in Japan, Japan’s Second Basic Sport Plan, established in 2017, included the first strategy for development of women and sports in Japan. Therefore, discussions of how sports can contribute to women’s participation in society have increased. While some previous research has focused on either sports policy or sports and women in general, few studies have been conducted on women and sports in Japanese policy development. Therefore, the present paper examines how the global movement for women and sports and the Japanese national growth strategy can influence women’s position in sports and the perception of gender in sports policy. The data are analyzed historically in an attempt to derive a perception of future directions in Japanese sports policy. The “Development plus sport” and “Sport plus development” models, which categorize development and sport initiatives into 2 categories, were applied in this study as an analytical framework. To understand the global women and sports movement, documents related to the UN, UNESCO, UN Women, IOC and IWG were analyzed. Official documents related to women and sports published by the Japanese government and the government budget concerning women and sports are also examined. The results indicated that the most significant improvement in the relationship between women and sports occurred when both the development and sports sectors were simultaneously interested in using sports to improve gender equality. Many of the previous Japanese sports policies had targeted only women. However, from a “Sport plus development” perspective, it is suggested that a gender and development (GAD) approach needs to be considered in sports policy development. This could result in changes to gendered division of labor, social and organizational structure, and regulation. From the “Development plus sport” perspective, compared to other countries, Japan has not actively used sports to contribute to gender equality in society. SDP projects related to gender that have already been implemented in other countries could be applied to gender issues in Japan.