著者

金 恩貞

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.9-23, 2016-01-31 (Released:2016-02-09)

参考文献数

29

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This paper presents an historical analysis of the policy formation process within the Japanese government regarding the issues of claims between Japan and South Korea (below, “Korea”) for the period from February 1951, the start of the first round of Japan-Korea talks, to October 1953, when the talks were suspended. This paper aims at providing an overview of the Japan-Korea talks from a novel perspective via elucidation of the situation within the Japanese government during the early 1950s—a period mostly blank in previous research. The process of forming concrete policies for relations with Korea during this period in Japan was clarified as described below. The paper first presents its overview findings, while referencing previous research, of the Japanese government’s negotiation strategies regarding the Japan-Korea claims issue before the Japan-Korea talks officially began, specifically in regards to how these initial strategies impacted the first round of talks. It was during this period when differences in attitudes towards the claims issue surfaced between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Finance, and considerations are presented regarding the background for such. Described next is the formation within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the “mutual abandonment of claims ‘plus alpha’” concept around the time that the negotiations became locked and had their first suspension. This included the concept of justifying Japan’s claims on Korea, with both sides then together abandoning their claims, and Japan agreeing to make monetary payments to Korea while avoiding the nomenclature of “claims.” Examination is made of how the processes of discussions within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs converged on this idea, with focus on the interactions of the logic of the Asian Affairs Bureau, which viewed foreign relations with Korea as important, international circumstances at that time, and commitments Japan had to the United States. Finally, in the midst of opposition between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Finance regarding policy proposals for the Japan-Korea claims issue, clarification is made as to what kind of arguments were presented that led to the Japanese government’s adoption of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ plan as the official policy for negotiating with Korea. The flexible attitude toward Korea by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs due to its emphasis on international relations was taken up as part of the Japanese government’s initial Korean strategy, and made possible a conceptual framework for government policy proposals that were more suited for mutual agreement. Also, in tandem with the changing international circumstances on the Korean peninsula, Japan could not avoid improving its relations with Korea, and this served to soften the hardline policy stance that the Ministry of Finance had adopted towards Korea. When one considers the progression of the debates within the Japanese government, most worthy of notice is that Japan did not abandon its original perceptions towards Korea, but rather conceived a solution that had as its premise exclusion of the term “claims” (literally, “the right to make claims”). It is of deep interest that this concept was similar to that inclusive within the solution of the claims issue in 1965 with the adoption of the “economic cooperation” policy in the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.

著者

吉澤 文寿 太田 修 浅野 豊美 長澤 裕子 李 東俊 金 鉉洙 薦田 真由美 金 慶南 金 恩貞 李 洋秀 山本 興生 ミン ジフン 成田 千尋 李 承宰 李 洸昊 金 崇培

出版者

新潟国際情報大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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この研究では、日韓国交正常化問題資料の整理及び刊行作業を行った。そして、日本、韓国、米国などの公文書館、資料館で収集した資料を用いて、韓国からの研究者の協力を得て、研究会、パネルディスカッション、シンポジウムを開催した。その結果、日韓国交正常化交渉で議論された請求権および歴史認識問題に関する論点について、国交正常化以後の時期を含めた展開を視野に入れつつ、日米韓三国それぞれの立場から、相応の責任が生じているという一定の見通しを提示することができた。

著者

金 恩貞

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.172, pp.172_28-172_43, 2013

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The Japanese claims against South Korea provoked an intense legal debate at the first Japan-South Korea negotiations and have resulted in the most contentious issue during the early phase of the bilateral normalization talks in the 1950s. Some previous studies on the Japan-South Korea talks pointed out that there was a period which could be regarded as a gap between the talks, namely between the 1950s, when the Japanese claims against South Korea escalated tension among two countries and brought the talks to a halt, and the 1960s, when the actual negotiation started moving with regard to what and how much the Japanese were going to claim. Other scholars have discussed what may have been the Japanese hidden purpose for the claims against South Korea whereby they sought to reduce the amount of the compensation payable to South Korea as well as to use it as "material for negations" in order to respond to the claims of the Japanese citizens repatriated from the formerly occupied territories. In addition, these claims of Japan to South Korea have been under severe criticism to defend the opinions that Japan had not sufficiently reflected on its control over the Korean Peninsula before and during the war.<br>These previous studies, however, have not revealed the legal logic which supported the Japanese government's claims against South Korea. In fact,most of the literature pointed out that the Japanese government lacked a logical policy, causing a misconception that the Japanese government was consistently adopting a passive attitude toward the talks. Moreover, the studies tend to conclude that the effect of interference of the US and the Japanese politicians' perception towards South Korea were the causes of Japan's change in its policy leading to the waiver of the right to claim against South Korea during the break period and to its settlement in 1965.<br>This study aims to clarify what was the logic of the Japanese claims against South Korea and how it was formed. For this purpose, it focuses on the report written by Professor Yasuo Yamashita, a Law Professor at Nagoya University and a prominent international jurist, which was made before the Japan-South Korea negotiations at the request of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This report has played a significant role as a basis for the Japanese legal logic. This paper empirically analyses the main issue of Professor Yamashita's logic and the background of his argument in his report. On the basis of this analysis, this study argues that Japan had a concrete vision and strategy with regard to its negotiations with South Korea from the beginning. Contrary to the previous literature, the findings of this paper identify the existence of consistent policy logic on the part of the Japanese government throughout its negotiations with South Korea and this logic had its origin in the formulation of its claim against South Korea.

著者

金 恩貞

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.9-23, 2016

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This paper presents an historical analysis of the policy formation process within the Japanese government regarding the issues of claims between Japan and South Korea (below, "Korea") for the period from February 1951, the start of the first round of Japan-Korea talks, to October 1953, when the talks were suspended. This paper aims at providing an overview of the Japan-Korea talks from a novel perspective via elucidation of the situation within the Japanese government during the early 1950s—a period mostly blank in previous research. The process of forming concrete policies for relations with Korea during this period in Japan was clarified as described below. <BR>The paper first presents its overview findings, while referencing previous research, of the Japanese government's negotiation strategies regarding the Japan-Korea claims issue before the Japan-Korea talks officially began, specifically in regards to how these initial strategies impacted the first round of talks. It was during this period when differences in attitudes towards the claims issue surfaced between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Finance, and considerations are presented regarding the background for such. <BR>Described next is the formation within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the "mutual abandonment of claims 'plus alpha'" concept around the time that the negotiations became locked and had their first suspension. This included the concept of justifying Japan's claims on Korea, with both sides then together abandoning their claims, and Japan agreeing to make monetary payments to Korea while avoiding the nomenclature of "claims." Examination is made of how the processes of discussions within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs converged on this idea, with focus on the interactions of the logic of the Asian Affairs Bureau, which viewed foreign relations with Korea as important, international circumstances at that time, and commitments Japan had to the United States. <BR>Finally, in the midst of opposition between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Finance regarding policy proposals for the Japan-Korea claims issue, clarification is made as to what kind of arguments were presented that led to the Japanese government's adoption of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' plan as the official policy for negotiating with Korea. The flexible attitude toward Korea by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs due to its emphasis on international relations was taken up as part of the Japanese government's initial Korean strategy, and made possible a conceptual framework for government policy proposals that were more suited for mutual agreement. Also, in tandem with the changing international circumstances on the Korean peninsula, Japan could not avoid improving its relations with Korea, and this served to soften the hardline policy stance that the Ministry of Finance had adopted towards Korea. <BR>When one considers the progression of the debates within the Japanese government, most worthy of notice is that Japan did not abandon its original perceptions towards Korea, but rather conceived a solution that had as its premise exclusion of the term "claims" (literally, "the right to make claims"). It is of deep interest that this concept was similar to that inclusive within the solution of the claims issue in 1965 with the adoption of the "economic cooperation" policy in the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.