著者

青山 亨

出版者

日本南アジア学会

雑誌

南アジア研究 (ISSN:09155643)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.22, pp.261-276, 2010-12-15 (Released:2011-09-06)

参考文献数

21

著者

青山亨 [ほか] 編集委員

出版者

集英社

著者

青山亨

雑誌

東洋学報 / The Toyo Gakuho

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.200-232, 1995-10

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In the second half of the fourteenth century, the Majapahit court poet Tantular composed two major O1d Javanese kakawins, Arjunawijaya and Sutasoma. The former was composed sometime after the death of the powerful chief minister Gajah Mada in 1364, who epitomized the kingdom's expansionist policy, and the latter some time before the death of the king Rājasanagara in 1389. Between the two texts, there is a significant shift in contents and theme, which may be adequately accounted for by referring to the historical context in which they were created. The story of the Arjunawijaya, derived directly from the Rāmāyana cycle, is orthodox Hindu, despite an undercurrent of Buddhist ideology. It recounts that the just king Arjunasahasrabāhu subjugates the evil Rāwaṇa after a series of fierce battles. But his victory is impermanent as Rāwaṇa is spared and destined to become the foe of Rāma, underlining the uncertainty of the peace brought by the kṣatriya rule of force. It has been pointed out that one of the recurrent themes of the text is tension between a king and religious communities, and that this might be an implicit accusation of the Majapahit ruler's neglect of the clerical wellbeing during the expansionist days. The story of the Sutasoma, on the other hand, is based on Tantric Buddhism and is in effect an indigenous creation. The hero attains Buddhahood and the status of universal monarch simultaneously on account of the Tantric concept of non-duality, whereby the tension in the Arjunawijaya is theoretically reconciled, and resolves confrontations by the power of mercy. The practice of cross-cousin marriage is also advocated in order to strengthen the ties between royal families. The author suggests that the text is the poet's proposal for peace in anticipation of the increasing division among the Majapahit royal families which culminated in the civil war in 1406.

著者

青山 亨

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.34-65, 1994-06-30 (Released:2018-02-28)

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The vast body of classical Javanese literature that directly or indirectly deals with what the Javanese perceived to be their past may be more coherently analyzed by defining “history” as the “world with its own time and space comprising the narrated stories of the past, the world that was imagined and shared by the reader.” The aim of this paper is to explicate from the narratological point of view how the “history” was structured and narrated, and to trace its development through several stages in premodern Javanese literature.  The first and most fundamental of all stages is that of Old Javanese literature, where the Indian theory of four yuga was adopted as the framework of “history” consisting of different ages, into which episodes of both Indian and Javanese origin were inserted as “modules.” It is on this “framework and module” principle that later Javanese literature, such as chronicles and prophetic literature, was able to expand the “history” of Java into a narrative ranging from Adam through the Pāṇḍawa to King Jayabaya and Muslim Mataram. On the other hand, the main narrative device of connecting the time of a narrated story and that of the reader changed from incarnation in the earlier stage to genealogy and prophecy, both of which had their precursors in Old Javanese literature, in the later stage.

著者

青山 亨

出版者

鹿児島大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

1999

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14世紀に書かれた古ジャワ語宮廷年代記『デーシャワルナナDesawarnana』(通称『ナーガラクルターガマNagarakrtagama』)の校訂本に基づきローマ字翻字による電子版を作成するとともに、日本語への翻訳をおこなった。また、15世紀に書かれた中期ジャワ語歴史物語『パララトンPararaton』の校訂本に基づきローマ字翻字による電子版を作成するとともに、日本語への翻訳をおこなった。『デーシャワルナナ』はマジャパヒト王国の宮廷詩人プラパンチャが書いた古ジャワ語の韻文98詩編384詩節からなる叙事詩的形式をもった作品である。原題は「地方の描写」を意味する。14世紀後半のハヤム・ウルク王治世期に最盛期を迎えたマジャパヒト王国の繁栄と、13世紀前半成立のシンガサリ王国に遡る王統の系譜を描いており、同時代のジャワの歴史を研究するために最重要な史料である。『パララトン』は15世紀後半に書かれた著者不明の散文の歴史物語である。原題は「諸王の書」を意味する。前半はシンガサリ王国の創建者ケン・アンロックの伝奇的な生涯を描き、後半は元寇の余波で生まれたマジャパヒト王国の成立の過程から、東西王宮の対立に起因する内乱をへて王国の後期までを描く。後代の編纂であり、また、史実からの逸脱が明かな部分もあるが、シンガサリ王国からマジャパヒト王国の末期までを理解するための根本史料の一つである。本研究の成果の一部は、岩波講座東南アジア史の第2巻におけるシンガサリ・マジャパヒト王国の歴史記述に用いられると共に、国際学会における発表の基本データとして利用され、インドネシア史の研究に還元されている。

著者

青山 亨

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.1-33, 1995-10

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In the second half of the fourteenth century, the Majapahit court poet Tantular composed two major Old Javanese kakawins, Arjunawijaya and Sutasoma. The former was composed sometime after the death of the powerful chief minister Gajah Mada in 1364, who epitomized the kingdom's expansionist policy, and the latter some time before the death of the king Rājasanagara in 1389. Between the two texts, there is a significant shift in contents and theme, which may be adequately accounted for by referring to the historical context in which they were created. The story of the Arjunawijaya, derived directly from the Rāmāyana cycle, is orthodox Hindu, despite an undercurrent of Buddhist ideology. It recounts that the just king Arjunasahasrabāhu subjugates the evil Rāwaṇa after a series of fierce battles. But his victory is impermanent as Rāwaṇa is spared and destined to become the foe of Rāma, underlining the uncertainty of the peace brought by the kṣatriya rule of force. It has been pointed out that one of the recurrent themes of the text is tension between a king and religious communities, and that this might be an implicit accusation of the Majapahit ruler's neglect of the clerical wellbeing during the expansionist days. The story of the Sutasoma, on the other hand, is based on Tantric Buddhism and is in effect an indigenous creation. The hero attains Buddhahood and the status of universal monarch simultaneously on account of the Tantric concept of non-duality, whereby the tension in the Arjunawijaya is theoretically reconciled, and resolves confrontations by the power of mercy. The practice of cross-cousin marriage is also advocated in order to strengthen the ties between royal families. The author suggests that the text is the poet's proposal for peace in anticipation of the increasing division among the Majapahit royal families which culminated in the civil war in 1406.

著者

青山 亨 増井 美佳 アオヤマ トオル マスイ ミカ AOYAMA Toru MASUI Mika

出版者

東京外国語大学 東南アジア地域ユニット

雑誌

東京外大東南アジア学 = Southeast Asian Studies Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (ISSN:24336807)

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.151-207, 2020-12-16

著者

青山 亨

出版者

東南アジア史学会

雑誌

東南アジア史学会会報

巻号頁・発行日

no.84, pp.13-14, 2006-05