著者

Fuminori Komai Kanako Okada Yuko Inoue Mitsunori Yada Osamu Tanaka Susumu Kuwabata

出版者

園芸学会

雑誌

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (ISSN:18823351)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-008, (Released:2014-09-23)

被引用文献数

1 5

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Mature pollen grains of Lilium cultivar, with their germ pores folded in upon themselves, were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conventional pretreatment process requires aldehyde fixation, dehydration, drying and metal sputtering for SEM observation. These complicated and laborious procedures can considerably alter the morphology of pollen grains. In order to omit this conventional pretreatment process, we established a novel technique utilizing an ionic liquid (IL) that is composed solely of ions, namely, a liquid salt that can remain in a molten state even at room temperature. IL-treated pollen grains could be observed under vacuum conditions without artifacts, and furthermore, a satisfactory SEM image could visualize pollen grains in a wet state. The possible direction of future studies on ionic liquids in the SEM field is also discussed.

著者

田中 治 Osamu Tanaka

出版者

同志社法學會

雑誌

同志社法學 = The Doshisha Hogaku (The Doshisha law review) (ISSN:03877612)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.7, pp.2091-2124, 2018-02-28

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消費税法上、事業者の消費税の転嫁の権利または義務は定められていない。他方、消費税転嫁対策法は、一定の要件の下で、消費税の転嫁を拒む行為が違法として規制され、転嫁を阻害する表示等が規制される。転嫁を予定するにすぎない消費税法と、転嫁を強制する消費税転嫁対策法とは整合的に理解できるのか、また消費税転嫁対策法が価格形成の自由や自由競争を損なうことはないのか、などを検討するものである。

著者

Osamu TANAKA Satoshi CHIDA Tetsuo KIMURA Teruo SAITO Ryuichi KATO

出版者

The Japanese Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

雑誌

Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (ISSN:03881601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.463-475, 1982-09-30 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

4 2

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A transdermal sustained release formulation. of isosorbide dinitrate (Frandol Tape) has been developed for the purpose of prolonging the preventive effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) against attacks of angina pectoris.The plasma levels of ISDN and the two metabolites, isosorbide 2-mononitrate and isosorbide 5-mononitrate, were measured after the application of Frandol Tape (ISDN 40mg) in ten healthy male volunteers. After a single application of the tape to the breast for 24 or 48 hrs, the mean plasma levels of ISDN increased slowly to reach their peaks of 2.6 or 2.7 ng/ml at 6 hrs and declined very slowly to 1.9 ng/ml at 24 hrs or to 1.4 ng/ml at 48 hrs after the application. After removal of the tape, the mean plasma levels of ISDN declined with a half-life of 2.3 hrs.The area under the plasma level versus time curve (AUC) for ISDN per the amount of ISDN absorbed percutaneously after a transdermal administration was larger than after an oral administration. Probably because ISDN was not susceptible to“first-pass effect” in the cutaneous route. On the other hand, it was suggested that urinary excretion behavior after a transdermal administration was similar to that after an oral administration.These results demonstrated that Frandol Tape might be an useful transdermal sustained release formulation of ISDN for the prevention of angina pectoris, since the plasma level of ISDN is maintained constantly during the period of application.