著者

Satoru SAITO

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.120-132, 2014 (Released:2014-12-24)

参考文献数

83

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Working memory underpins the transient retention of information in the service of cognitive processes within a variety of tasks. As this memory function restricts our ability to regulate mental processes, it potentially characterizes our learning and educational activities. This article reviews three lines of working memory research in cognitive psychology : Short-term retention of verbal information, the relationship between storage and processing in working memory, and the role of working memory in learning activities. These three research areas constitute promising directions in working memory research. Although the present paper limited its scope to relatively basic studies, the findings reported here could lay the foundation for applied working memory research in educational settings.

著者

Yuki TANIDA Taiji UENO Matthew A. LAMBON RALPH Satoru SAITO

出版者

プシコロギア会

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.145-154, 2015 (Released:2016-09-24)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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It is well established that the phonological system captures the quasiregularity of phoneme sequences. For example, repetition performance is better for nonwords composed of phoneme combinations that occur frequently in one’s native language. Although phoneme sequences are necessarily accompanied by suprasegmental aspects (e.g., accent patterns), the influence of suprasegmental aspects has not been investigated extensively. This study examined the influence of Japanese pitch-accent pattern on nonword repetition. Exploration of nonwords provides an opportunity to investigate phonological factors largely without lexical and semantic influences. We conducted immediate and delayed nonword repetition experiments, manipulating phonotactic frequency and pitch-accent type. Two experiments revealed that nonwords presented with atypical accent patterns showed more frequent phonemic and accent pattern errors than nonwords with more typical accent patterns. The results indicate that the phonological system captures a range of sublexical phonological characteristics found in each language through linguistic experiences and is not limited to coding phonemic sequences alone. We suggest that although there is diversity in functioning of phonological systems driven by linguistic variability, such diversity stems from universal learning mechanisms in language processing systems.

著者

Ryo Ishibashi Taiji Ueno Satoru Saito Tatsuya Mima Matthew A Lambon Ralph Gorana Pobric

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

日本認知心理学会発表論文集 日本認知心理学会第15回大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.146, 2017 (Released:2017-10-16)

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事物の意味を認知することは人間の持つ高次認知機能のうちでも特に中心的な機能の一つである。本研究では経頭蓋直流電流刺激(tDCS)を用いて、近年意味認知の中枢と考えられている大脳皮質左前側頭葉(ATL)の活動を促進したときに日本語単語意味認知能力の向上が見られるかどうかを検討した。結果としてtDCSによる類義語の判断成績向上が認められ、この効果は事前調査で難易度が高いとされた試行群において得に顕著であった。本知見はATL領域と意味認知との関係についてその因果的関係をさらに強力に立証すると同時に、意味認知障害の臨床においてtDCSが意味認知能力の維持・向上の補助手段として用いられる可能性について示唆するものである。

著者

Tetsuo ISOZAKI Takayoshi KIBA Kazushi NUMATA Satoru SAITO Takeshi SHIMAMURA Takehiko KITAMURA Katsumi MORITA Katsuaki TANAKA Hisahiko SEKIHARA

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.17-21, 1999 (Released:2006-03-27)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

21 24

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A 54-year-old man with medullary thyroid carcinoma in the thyroid gland was unable to undergo total thyroidectomy because the tumor had invaded the mediastinum. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy were given. Seven years later, intractable diarrhea and abdominal pain appeared, and computed tomography demonstrated hypervascular tumors in the thyroid gland and in the liver. The tumors were successfully treated with percutaneous ethanol injection to a lesion in the thyroid gland and transcatheter arterial embolization followed by percutaneous ethanol injection to tumors in the liver. Transcatheter arterial embolization and percutaneous ethanol injection may be valuable in treating medullary thyroid carcinoma.(Internal Medicine 38: 17-21, 1999)

著者

Satoru NISHIYAMA Satoru SAITO

出版者

Psychologia Society

雑誌

PSYCHOLOGIA (ISSN:00332852)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-A112, (Released:2021-05-24)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

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Previous studies on the Think/No-Think (TNT) paradigm have demonstrated that retrieval stopping causes later forgetting. Although precise mechanisms of this retrieval stopping effect have come under scrutiny, a recent study (Hertel & Hayes, 2015) has provided a signpost finding; that is, in a flanker task subsequent to a TNT task, ratings of words flanked by cues for retrieval stopping were slower among those who stopped retrieval by pushing memories out of awareness (i.e., direct suppression), but not among those who did so by thinking of another memory (i.e., thought substitution). This result is attributable to two possible mechanisms: cues for direct suppression triggered some inhibitory mechanisms (inhibition transfer) or they drew more attention than other cues (attentional capture). The present study clarifies the aftereffect of direct suppression by conducting a TNT experiment with a dot-probe task, wherein probes appear following TNT cues, including suppression ones. Participants who engaged in thought substitution showed attentional capture by TNT cues; faster responses to probes presented in the same position of TNT cues, and slower responses to probes presented in the opposite position. However, those who engaged in direct suppression did not show attentional capture. These results are clearly inconsistent with the attentional capture account for the aftereffect of direct suppression, which, in turn, favours inhibition transfer account. Correlation analyses also supported inhibition transfer. Repeated direct suppression might associate suppression cues with inhibitory mechanisms, resulting in inhibition exerted automatically by the presentation of suppression cues.