著者

木村 琢也 Takuya Kimura

雑誌

清泉女子大学紀要 = Bulletin of Seisen University (ISSN:05824435)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.55-66,

著者

Takuya Kimura Takayuki Arai

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.119-129, 2019-08-31 (Released:2019-08-31)

参考文献数

18

---

Beginners of Spanish whose L1 is Japanese often wonder if Spanish /y/ is similar to Japanese /y/ or to Japanese /zy/. Three perception experiments revealed that this Spanish phoneme admits a wide variety of palatal consonants as its allophones, that these consonants can be perceived by Japanese listeners sometimes as /y/ and sometimes as /zy/, or sometimes even as /gy/. In Spanish pronunciation and listening teaching, the instructor can advise Japanese learners of Spanish that they can use either Japanese /y/ or /zy/ to pronounce Spanish /y/, and that this Spanish consonant might sound like Japanese /gy/ in some occasions.

著者

Chihiro Takai Kayo Misumi Daiki Kaito Hiroaki Nishida Masami Yoshii So Yamada Takaomi Kobayashi Toshitaka Koinuma Takashi Kadoya Takuya Kimura Yoshihiro Hagiwara Takayuki Ogura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.8, pp.1185-1189, 2023-04-15 (Released:2023-04-15)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2

---

Lacosamide is an antiepileptic drug that acts on voltage-gated sodium channels and was approved as an antiepileptic by the Food and Drug Administration in 2008. Although the efficacy and safety of lacosamide have been established in many previous trials, some case reports have shown that it may lead to cardiovascular side effects, especially in patients with electrical conduction system disorders. We herein report a case of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia caused by lacosamide intoxication that was successfully treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

著者

Takuya Kimura Takayuki Arai

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.131-146, 2022-07-31 (Released:2022-07-31)

参考文献数

15

---

Japanese learners of Spanish often fail to perceive lexical stress in rising intonation contexts, although they tend to perceive stress correctly in falling intonation contexts. A perception experiment, conducted with two groups of listeners (L1 Spanish speakers and Japanese learners of L3 Spanish), revealed that the timing of the sharp fo rise was the most important acoustic cue for both of the listener groups. Syllable duration was also found to have a positive effect on stress perception, but the effect was weaker for the Japanese listeners.

著者

木村 拓也 Takuya KIMURA 京都大学経済研究所 Institute of Economic Research Kyoto University

出版者

東洋館出版社

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, pp.165-186, 2007-05-31

---

The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the use of "Comprehensive and Multi-dimensional Evaluation" as the basis for University Entrance Examinations. Though the phrase "Comprehensive and Multi-dimensional Evaluation" itself was first articulated in the 1997 report of the Central Council for Education (Chuou Kyoiku Shingikai), the concept itself came into existence immediately after the postwar period. In fact, "comprehensive evaluation" was merely an excuse for avoiding having to add the score of Japanese Scholastic Aptitude Test (Shingaku Tekisei Kensa, used from 1947 to 1954) into the total score of the University Entrance Examination. Moreover, the term "multi-dimensional evaluation" appeared in the outline of the University Entrance Examination (Daigaku Nyugakusha Senbatsu Jisshi Youkou), as it is proposed in the first report of the National Council on Educational Reform (Rinji Kyoiku Shingikai) in 1985. In fact, the report of the Central Council for Education (Chuo Kyoiku Shingikai) in 1971 stated that "Comprehensive and Multi-dimensional Evaluation" was scientifically valid as a basis for University Entrance Examinations. The report is famous as the only report based on evidence, and is generally known as the "1971 Report" (Yonroku Toushin). In the interim report, the Central Council for Education stated that follow-up surveys by the National Institute for Education and the Educational Test Research Institute (Nouryoku Kaihatu Kenkyujyo) had proven that a "Comprehensive and Multi-dimensional Evaluation" could be a valid selection method for predicting a good Grade Point Average after entrance to university. However, the two surveys cited contained simple statistical errors. The first, survey by the National Institute for Education, failed to control for the "Selection Effect." A "Selection Effect" is a "restriction in range problem," caused by cutting off the distribution at the passing grade. As a result, there is a tendency to misunderstand the fact that, in actuality, academic achievement tests on University Entrance Examinations have little relationship with Grade Point Average after entering university. To tell the truth, this problem had been pointed out as early as 1924 by Japanese psychologists who were interested in Entrance Examinations. In the second survey, by the Educational Test Research Institute, the inevitable nature of multiple correlation coefficients was ignored. As the number of independent variable increases one by one, the multiple correlation coefficient necessarily reaches the maximum of 1. In this paper, the follow-up research data from the Educational Test Research Institute is recalculated using a multiple correlation coefficient adjusted for the degrees of freedom. The conclusion is different from that reached by the Central Council for Education. This demonstrates that there is absolutely no scientific ground for the use of "Comprehensive and Multi-dimensional Evaluation." In other words, it is not necessarily correct that putting a lot of effort into University Entrance Examinations and using anything more than academic achievement tests as reference for University Entrance Examination will lead to more students gaining good grades after entering university. If this mismeasure of academic achievement is not properly recognized, the number of university students who cannot achieve even low basic competence level will surely increase.