著者

Toshio Sakamoto Yang Wei Koki Yuasa Yoshitaka Nishiyama

出版者

Applied Microbiology, Molecular and Cellular Biosciences Research Foundation

雑誌

The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology (ISSN:00221260)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01.003, (Released:2022-05-20)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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The terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune is an anhydrobiotic organism with extreme longevity. Recovery of photosynthesis by rehydration was examined using our laboratory stocks of dry N. commune thalli after long-term storage in a desiccated state. In the samples stored at room temperature for over 8 years, photosynthetic oxygen evolution was barely detectable, whereas oxygen consumption was recovered. There was an exceptional case in which photosynthetic oxygen evolution recovered after 8 years of storage at room temperature. Both photosynthetic oxygen evolution and respiratory oxygen consumption were recovered in dry thalli stored at -20°C for over 15 years. Consistent with the recovery of photosynthetic oxygen evolution, Fv/Fm was detected in the samples stored at -20°C at levels similar to those of freshly collected N. commune colonies. Carotenoids, scytonemin and chlorophyll a appeared to be intact in the dry thalli stored at -20°C, but β-carotene was not detected in the samples stored at room temperature. α-Tocopherol was intact in the samples stored at -20°C but was degraded in the samples stored at room temperature. These results suggest that dry thalli of N. commune are capable of sustaining biological activities for a long time, although they are gradually damaged when stored at room temperature.

著者

Yang Fan Matsushita Bunkei Fukushima Takehiko Yang Wei

出版者

Elsevier B.V.

雑誌

ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing (ISSN:09242716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.90-98, 2012-08

被引用文献数

52 7

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As a proxy measure of the human ecological footprint, impervious surface area (ISA) has recently become a key concept in the field of urban remote sensing, with a focus on estimation of the ISA at a city-scale by using Landsat-style satellite images. However, ISA estimation is also in demand in disciplines such as the environmental assessment and policy making at a national scale. This paper proposes a new method for estimating the ISA fraction in Japan based on a temporal mixture analysis (TMA) technique. The required inputs for the proposed method are rearranged MODIS NDVI time-series datasets at the temporal stable zone (i.e., the first to the sixth largest NDVI values in a year). Three ISA distribution maps obtained from Landsat-5 TM data were used as reference maps to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results showed that the proposed TMA-based method achieved a large reduction in the effects of endmember variability compared with the previous methods (e.g., SMA and NSMA), and thus the new method has promising accuracy for estimating ISA in Japan. The overall root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed method was 8.7%, with a coefficient of determination of 0.86, and there was no obvious underestimation or overestimation for the whole ISA range.

著者

中村 照也 山縣 ゆり子 YANG Wei

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.5, pp.254-257, 2013 (Released:2013-09-25)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 1

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A number of structural and kinetic studies of DNA polymerases have proposed the catalytic mechanism of the nucleotidyl-transfer reaction. However, the actual process has never been visualized. Here we show the nucleotidyl-transfer reaction process catalyzed by human DNA polymerase η using time-resolved protein crystallography. In sequence, the nucleophile 3′-OH is deprotonated, the deoxyribose at the primer end converts from C2′-endo to C3′-endo, and the nucleophile and the α-phosphate of dATP approach each other to form the new bond. A third Mg2+ ion, which arrives with the new bond and stabilizes the intermediate state, may be an unappreciated feature of the two-metal-ion mechanism.

著者

青木 繁 BUI Huy Duon YANG Wie KNAUSS Wolfg 北川 浩 岸本 喜久雄 YANG Wei HUY Duong BU WEI YANG WOLFGANG KNA MAIGRE H. RAVICHANDRAN ジー ROSAKIS Ares NAKAMURA Tos 天谷 賢治

出版者

東京工業大学

雑誌

国際学術研究

巻号頁・発行日

1996

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本研究は,日米中仏の4ヶ国の研究者の共同研究により実施するのもので,材料の破壊プロセスにおける微視的な内部構造変化について総合的に検討するとともに,それらを踏まえたメゾスコピック材料モデルを構築することを目的とする.すなわち,本研究では,原子レベルならびにナノレベルにおける微視的アプローチ,不均質材料,材料界面,高分子材料,複合材料の損傷・破壊モデルの検討,および,衝撃荷重や環境など外因の影響を踏まえた材料モデルの考察など,種々の立場から,材料モデルの構築を進めるとともに,相互に協力,啓発を行い,それらを統合化した材料の寸法尺度,時間尺度に対する階層構造を的確に捉えたメゾスコピック材料モデルの構築を目指している.本研究において設定した調査テーマは下記の通りである.(1)分子動力学法を基礎とする材料モデルの構築,(2)材料の損傷・破壊現象のミクロとマクロメカニクス,(3)界面強度特性とミクロ・マクロ材料モデル,(4)不均質材料の特性発現機構と損傷機構のミクロ・マクロモデル,(5)複合材料の損傷過程とミクロ・マクロモデル,(6)ミクロ構造を考慮した高分子材料モデルの形成とマクロ特性,(7)破壊のプロセスゾーンの損傷モデル,(8)衝撃荷重下における材料の破壊モデル,(9)材料の環境強度に及ぼす電気化学因子のモデル化また,東京工業大学,カルフォルニア工科大学,エコールポリテクニークにおいて共同研究を実施するとともに,中国,カナダ,アイルランド,ポルトガルにおいて調査研究を実施した.それらの結果,材料の内部微細構造の変化のダイナミクスを多面的に捉えるための分子動力学法,境界要素法,有限要素法などの種々の方法に基づくモデリング手法についての知見が得られた.