著者
Takahashi Kazutoshi Tanabe Koji Ohnuki Mari Narita Megumi Ichisaka Tomoko Tomoda Kiichiro Yamanaka Shinya
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Cell (ISSN:00928674)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.131, no.5, pp.861-872, 2007-11-30
被引用文献数
207 15699

Successful reprogramming of differentiated human somatic cells into a pluripotent state would allow creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. We previously reported generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, capable of germline transmission, from mouse somatic cells by transduction of four defined transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate the generation of iPS cells from adult human dermal fibroblasts with the same four factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Human iPS cells were similar to human embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology, proliferation, surface antigens, gene expression, epigenetic status of pluripotent cell-specific genes, and telomerase activity. Furthermore, these cells could differentiate into cell types of the three germ layers in vitro and in teratomas. These findings demonstrate that iPS cells can be generated from adult human fibroblasts.
著者
Takahashi Kazutoshi Tanabe Koji Ohnuki Mari Narita Megumi Ichisaka Tomoko Tomoda Kiichiro Yamanaka Shinya
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Cell (ISSN:00928674)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.131, no.5, pp.861-872, 2007-11-30
被引用文献数
15699

Successful reprogramming of differentiated human somatic cells into a pluripotent state would allow creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. We previously reported generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, capable of germline transmission, from mouse somatic cells by transduction of four defined transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate the generation of iPS cells from adult human dermal fibroblasts with the same four factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Human iPS cells were similar to human embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology, proliferation, surface antigens, gene expression, epigenetic status of pluripotent cell-specific genes, and telomerase activity. Furthermore, these cells could differentiate into cell types of the three germ layers in vitro and in teratomas. These findings demonstrate that iPS cells can be generated from adult human fibroblasts.
著者
Ishikura Yukiko Yabuta Yukihiro Ohta Hiroshi Hayashi Katsuhiko Nakamura Tomonori Okamoto Ikuhiro Yamamoto Takuya Kurimoto Kazuki Shirane Kenjiro Sasaki Hiroyuki Saitou Mitinori
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Cell Reports (ISSN:22111247)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.10, pp.2789-2804, 2016-12-06
被引用文献数
127

マウス多能性幹細胞から精子幹細胞を試験管内で誘導 : 精子形成全過程の試験管内誘導の基盤形成. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-12-07.
著者
Nakayama Masataka Saito Satoru
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Cognition (ISSN:18737838)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.131, no.3, pp.415-430, 2014-06
被引用文献数
4

An essential function of language processing is serial order control. Computational models of serial ordering and empirical data suggest that plan representations for ordered output of sound are governed by principles related to similarity. Among these principles, the temporal distance and edge principles at a within-word level have not been empirically demonstrated separately from other principles. Specifically, the temporal distance principle assumes that phonemes that are in the same word and thus temporally close are represented similarly. This principle would manifest as phoneme movement errors within the same word. However, such errors are rarely observed in English, likely reflecting stronger effects of syllabic constraints (i.e., phonemes in different positions within the syllable are distinctly represented). The edge principle assumes that the edges of a sequence are represented distinctly from other elements/positions. This principle has been repeatedly observed as a serial position effect in the context of phonological short-term memory. However, it has not been demonstrated in single-word production. This study provides direct evidence for the two abovementioned principles by using a speech-error induction technique to show the exchange of adjacent morae and serial position effects in Japanese four-mora words. Participants repeatedly produced a target word or nonword, immediately after hearing an aurally presented distractor word. The phonologically similar distractor words, which were created by exchanging adjacent morae in the target, induced adjacent-mora-exchange errors, demonstrating the within-word temporal distance principle. There was also a serial position effect in error rates, such that errors were mostly induced at the middle positions within a word. The results provide empirical evidence for the temporal distance and edge principles in within-word serial order control.
著者
Itou Junji Tanaka Sunao Li Wenzhao Iida Atsuo Sehara-Fujisawa Atsuko Sato Fumiaki Toi Masakazu
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Biochimica et biophysica acta (ISSN:00063002)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1864, no.1, pp.76-88, 2017-01
被引用文献数
12

乳がん細胞の転移を促進する新たなメカニズムの解明 --SALL4 - integrin α6β1系による移動能力の亢進--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-11-08.
著者
Watanabe Yousuke Kitagawa Hiroyuki
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Information systems (ISSN:03064379)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.1, pp.94-110, 2010-01
被引用文献数
4 7

With the increasing demands for advanced use of streaming data, efficient execution of continuous queries is an important research issue. This paper focuses on event-driven continuous queries that are activated by foreign events such as data arrival and the progression of time. Existing approaches to multiple continuous query optimization decide the optimal query plan by extracting common subexpressions from the given queries. Event-driven queries containing the common subexpressions may produce many common intermediate results when they are activated within a small interval, but may produce only disjoint data when activated at completely different timings.This paper proposes an efficient data stream processing scheme for multiple event-driven continuous queries. In the proposed approach, we introduce query result caching to achieve a flexible way to share common operators among queries activated by unpredictable events. When a query is activated, an intermediate result generated for the query is stored into the cache area if it is expected to be reused by other queries. When other queries including the same operator are activated, they reuse the cached result if the cache includes reusable data. Efficiency of the proposed scheme is validated by intensive experimental evaluations.
著者
Yang Fan Matsushita Bunkei Fukushima Takehiko Yang Wei
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing (ISSN:09242716)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, pp.90-98, 2012-08
被引用文献数
51 7

As a proxy measure of the human ecological footprint, impervious surface area (ISA) has recently become a key concept in the field of urban remote sensing, with a focus on estimation of the ISA at a city-scale by using Landsat-style satellite images. However, ISA estimation is also in demand in disciplines such as the environmental assessment and policy making at a national scale. This paper proposes a new method for estimating the ISA fraction in Japan based on a temporal mixture analysis (TMA) technique. The required inputs for the proposed method are rearranged MODIS NDVI time-series datasets at the temporal stable zone (i.e., the first to the sixth largest NDVI values in a year). Three ISA distribution maps obtained from Landsat-5 TM data were used as reference maps to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results showed that the proposed TMA-based method achieved a large reduction in the effects of endmember variability compared with the previous methods (e.g., SMA and NSMA), and thus the new method has promising accuracy for estimating ISA in Japan. The overall root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed method was 8.7%, with a coefficient of determination of 0.86, and there was no obvious underestimation or overestimation for the whole ISA range.
著者
Takahashi Taiki
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Physica A : Statistical Mechanics and its Applications (ISSN:03784371)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.390, no.5, pp.902-905, 2011-03-01
被引用文献数
28

A probability weighting function w(p) for an objective probability p in decision under risk plays a pivotal role in Kahneman-Tversky's prospect theory. Although recent studies in econophysics and neuroeconomics widely utilized probability weighting functions, psychophysical foundations of the probability weighting functions have been unknown. Notably, a behavioral economist Prelec (1998) axiomatically derived the probability weighting function: w(p) = exp(-(-In p)α) (0 < α < 1; w (0) = 1, w(1/e) = 1/e, w(1) = 1), which has extensively been studied in behavioral neuroeconomics. The present study utilizes psychophysical theory to derive Prelec's probability weighting function from psychophysical laws of perceived waiting time in probabilistic choices. Also, the relations between the parameters in the probability weighting function and the probability discounting function in behavioral psychology are derived. Future directions in the application of the psychophysical theory of the probability weighting function in econophysics and neuroeconomics are discussed.
著者
Goto Hiroyuki Sawada Sumio Hirai Toshiyuki
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Wave Motion (ISSN:01652125)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.7, pp.603-613, 2011-11
被引用文献数
15

We introduce a new conserved quantity, Normalized Energy Density (NED), alternative to the conventional definition of energy for a layered structure in a 2D SH problem. NED is defined by the average of power of a half transfer function multiplied by the impedance, and the conservation across the material interface is analytically proved for a two-layered case. For three, four, and ten-layered cases, the conservation is examined by applying the Monte Carlo simulation method, and then NED is supposed to be conserved through the layers.
著者
Kida Ikuhiro Yamamoto Toru
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Brain Research (ISSN:00068993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1317, pp.116-123, 2010-03-04
被引用文献数
5

It is essential to elucidate the relationship between blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals and neuronal activity for the interpretation of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals; this relationship has been quantitatively investigated by animal studies measuring evoked potentials as indices of neuronal activity. Although most human fMRI studies employ the event-related task design, in which the stimulus duration is short, few studies have investigated the relationship between BOLD signals and evoked potentials at short stimulus durations. The present study investigated this relationship in the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats by using electrical forepaw stimulation at a short duration of 4 s and comprehensively analyzed it at different frequencies (1-10 Hz) and currents (0.5-2.0 mA). Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) responses were measured at the scalp using silver ball electrodes. The sum of the peak-to-peak amplitude (ΣSEP) and average SEP (avg. SEP) responses were calculated. BOLD signals were obtained using a spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence at 7 T. The relationship between the avg. SEP and BOLD signals varied with frequency, whereas that between ΣSEP and BOLD signals showed a significant correlation at varying frequencies and currents. In particular, the relationship between ΣSEP and ΣBOLD, which is the sum of the BOLD signals obtained at each time point reflecting the area under the BOLD response curves, mostly converged, irrespective of the frequency. Our results suggest that ΣBOLD obtained using a spin-echo sequence reflects the neural activity as quantified by ΣSEP, which was determined at different frequencies and currents.
著者
原 和彦 金 信弘 大川 英希 佐藤 構二 受川 史彦 ATLAS Collaboration Hara K. Kim S.H. Okawa H. Sato K. Ukegawa F.
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Physics letters. B (ISSN:03702693)
巻号頁・発行日
no.759, pp.601-621, 2016-08

Measurements of the W±→ℓ±ν and Z→ℓ+ℓ− production cross sections (where ℓ±=e±,μ±) in proton–proton collisions at √s=13 TeV are presented using data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 81 pb−1. The total inclusive W±-boson production cross sections times the single-lepton-flavour branching ratios are σtotW+=11.83 ±0.02(stat)±0.32(sys)±0.25 (lumi) nb and σtotW−=8.79 ±0.02(stat)±0.24(sys)±0.18 (lumi) nb for W+ and W−, respectively. The total inclusive Z -boson production cross section times leptonic branching ratio, within the invariant mass window 66<mℓℓ<116 GeV, is σtotZ=1.981 ±0.007(stat)±0.038(sys)±0.042 (lumi) nb. The W+, W−, and Z -boson production cross sections and cross-section ratios within a fiducial region defined by the detector acceptance are also measured. The cross-section ratios benefit from significant cancellation of experimental uncertainties, resulting in σfidW+/σfidW−=1.295 ±0.003(stat)±0.010 (sys) and σfidW±/σfidZ=10.31 ±0.04(stat)±0.20 (sys). Theoretical predictions, based on calculations accurate to next-to-next-to-leading order for quantum chromodynamics and to next-to-leading order for electroweak processes and which employ different parton distribution function sets, are compared to these measurements.
著者
Obanawa Hiroyuki Matsukura Yukinori
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Geomorphology (ISSN:0169555X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.97, no.3, pp.697-711, 2008-05
被引用文献数
1

To simulate the landform evolution at the caldera wall of Mount St. Helens, USA, a mathematical model for talus developmentwas applied to model the topographic change during the 11years from the volcanic eruption, i.e., from formation of the cliff.Simulated results show that the topographic change is predicted to be large for about 10years after the eruption and to declinethereafter. If snow accumulation in the talus slope deposits is negligible, the talus top will not reach the cliff top within 300yearsafter the eruption. Talus growth in Mount St. Helens was much faster than that in the Chichibu Basin, Japan. This may indicate thelow strength and/or high weathering rate of the rockwall of Mount St. Helens, resulting in rapid production of debris and rapidretreat of the cliff.
著者
The ATLAS Collaboration Hara K. Kim S.H. Okawa H. Sato K. Ukegawa F.
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Physics letters. B (ISSN:03702693)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.765, pp.11-31, 2017-02
被引用文献数
23

A search for dark matter pair production in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of bottom quarks is presented, using 3.2 fb−1 of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The decay of the Higgs boson is reconstructed as a high-momentum b¯b system with either a pair of small-radius jets, or a single large-radius jet with substructure. The observed data are found to be consistent with the expected backgrounds. Results are interpreted using a simplified model with a Z′Z′ gauge boson mediating the interaction between dark matter and the Standard Model as well as a two-Higgs-doublet model containing an additional Z′Z′ boson which decays to a Standard Model Higgs boson and a new pseudoscalar Higgs boson, the latter decaying into a pair of dark matter particles.
著者
Goto Kazuya Imamura Keiko Komatsu Kenichi Mitani Kohnosuke Aiba Kazuhiro Nakatsuji Norio Inoue Makoto Kawata Akihiro Yamashita Hirofumi Takahashi Ryosuke Inoue Haruhisa
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development (ISSN:23290501)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, pp.115-125, 2017-03-17
被引用文献数
30

センダイウイルスベクターを用いてES細胞/iPS細胞から脊髄運動ニューロンを簡便に作製する技術開発. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2017-02-07.
著者
Hamada Yuta Kawana Kiyoharu
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics (ISSN:03702693)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.763, pp.388-392, 2016-12-10
被引用文献数
14

We propose a novel leptogenesis scenario at the reheating era. Our setup is minimal in the sense that, in addition to the standard model Lagrangian, we only consider an inflaton and higher dimensional operators. The lepton number asymmetry is produced not by the decay of a heavy particle, but by the scattering between the standard model particles. After the decay of an inflaton, the model is described within the standard model with higher dimensional operators. The Sakharov's three conditions are satisfied by the following way. The violation of the lepton number is realized by the dimension-5 operator. The complex phase comes from the dimension-6 four lepton operator. The universe is out of equilibrium before the reheating is completed. It is found that the successful baryogenesis is realized for the wide range of parameters, the inflaton mass and reheating temperature, depending on the cutoff scale. Since we only rely on the effective Lagrangian, our scenario can be applicable to all mechanisms to generate neutrino Majorana masses.
著者
Deguchi Yuichi Harada Masaya Shinohara Ryota Lazarus Michael Cherasse Yoan Urade Yoshihiro Yamada Daisuke Sekiguchi Masayuki Watanabe Dai Furuyashiki Tomoyuki Narumiya Shuh
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Cell Reports (ISSN:22111247)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.9, pp.2405-2417, 2016-11-22
被引用文献数
27

社会からの隔絶が不安を招く神経メカニズム、マウスで発見 : 引きこもりからの社会復帰へ向けた神経科学からのアプローチ. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-11-24.
著者
Kondo Takayuki Funayama Misato Tsukita Kayoko Hotta Akitsu Yasuda Akimasa Nori Satoshi Kaneko Shinjiro Nakamura Masaya Takahashi Ryosuke Okano Hideyuki Yamanaka Shinya Inoue Haruhisa
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Stem Cell Reports (ISSN:22136711)
巻号頁・発行日
2014-06
被引用文献数
114

ヒトiPS細胞由来のグリア系神経前駆細胞移植でALSモデルマウスの生存期間を延長. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-06-27.
著者
Vladisavljević Goran T. Khalid Nauman Neves Marcos A. Kuroiwa Takashi Nakajima Mitsutoshi Uemura Kunihiko Ichikawa Sosaku Kobayashi Isao
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Advanced drug delivery reviews (ISSN:0169409X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.11-12, pp.1626-1663, 2013-11
被引用文献数
244 9

Microfluidics is an emerging and promising interdisciplinary technology which offers powerful platforms for precise production of novel functional materials (e.g., emulsion droplets, microcapsules, and nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles- and drug molecules) as well as high-throughput analyses (e.g., bioassays, detection, and diagnostics). In particular, multiphase microfluidics is a rapidly growing technology and has beneficial applications in various fields including biomedicals, chemicals, and foods. In this review, we first describe the fundamentals and latest developments in multiphase microfluidics for producing biocompatible materials that are precisely controlled in size, shape, internal morphology and composition. We next describe some microfluidic applications that synthesize drug molecules, handle biological substances and biological units, and imitate biological organs. We also highlight and discuss design, applications and scale up of droplet- and flow-based microfluidic devices used for drug discovery and delivery.
著者
Hattanji Tsuyoshi Ueda Mariko Song Wonsuh Ishii Nobuyuki Hayakawa Yuichi S. Takaya Yasuhiko Matsukura Yukinori
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Geomorphology (ISSN:0169555X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.204, pp.485-492, 2014-01
被引用文献数
17

Field and laboratory experiments were performed to examine dissolution rates of limestone in stream flow. Field experiments were conducted in three stream sites (A–C) with different lithological or hydrological settings around a limestone plateau in the Abukuma Mts., Japan. Sites A and B are allogenic streams, which flow from non-limestone sources into dolines, and site C has a karst spring source. Tablets made of limestone from the same plateau with a diameter of 3.5 cm and a thickness of 1 cm were placed in the streams for 3 years (2008–2011) where alkalinity, pH and major cation concentrations were measured periodically. The saturation indices of calcite (SIc) of stream water were − 2.8 ± 0.4 at site A, − 2.5 ± 0.4 at site B and − 0.5 ± 0.4 at site C. Annual weight loss ratios for tablets were extremely high at site A (0.11–0.14 mg cm− 2 d− 1), high at site B (0.05 mg cm− 2 d− 1), and low at site C (0.005 mg cm− 2 d− 1). The contrasting rates of weight loss are mainly explained by chemical conditions of stream water. In addition, laboratory experiments for dissolution of limestone tablets using a flow-through apparatus revealed that flow conditions around the limestone tablet is another important factor for dissolution in the stream environment. These results revealed that limestone dissolves at a rapid rate where water unsaturated to calcite continuously flows, such as in an allogenic stream.
著者
Miyagi Atsushi Suzuki Takayuki Nabetani Hiroshi Nakajima Mitsutoshi
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Food and bioproducts processing (ISSN:09603085)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.91, no.4, pp.507-514, 2013-10
被引用文献数
22 1

The present study systemically decolorized soy sauce using a membrane process to analyze the separation mechanism. An ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (NTU-2120) exhibited only slight decolorization ability. A nanofiltration (NF) membrane with a lower molecular weight cut-off and produced by sulfonated polysulfone (NTR-7400 series) rather than polyvinyl alcohol/polyamide (NTR-7250) had higher decolorization ability. The NF membranes rejected total nitrogen by 17–24%, unsalted soluble solid content by 24–32%, reducing sugar by 25–43%, and amino acids by 10–25%. The NTR-7400 series membrane rejected lactic acid by 6–9%, and pyroglutamic acid by 11–21%; other quality indexes were maintained. In the NF membrane processes, higher rejection of acidic amino acids than neutral and base amino acids was observed. The separation performance was governed by the electrical effect as well as the sieve effect. Soy sauce color could be controlled by blending NF membrane-processed soy sauce with feed soy sauce. Color can be matched to preference in accordance with dishes by suitably blending NF membrane-processed soy sauce with feed soy sauce.