- 著者
- Yutaka Sawamura Yuko Suesada Toshihiko Sugiura Hideaki Yaegaki
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 園芸学会
- 雑誌
- The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.OKD-052, (Released:2017-01-20)
- 被引用文献数
- 15
A major goal of peach breeding programs in Japan is to develop cultivars with lower chilling requirements than the leading cultivars. Low-chill cultivars can be grown in subtropical as well as temperate regions. We investigated the chilling requirements (chill units; CU), heat requirements (growing degree hours; GDH), and blooming dates of 7 leading Japanese peach cultivars, 3 subtropical low-chill cultivars, and a promising new selection, Momo Tsukuba 127. In general, the CU of the 7 leading cultivars were higher than those of the 3 subtropical cultivars and Momo Tsukuba 127. The chilling and heat requirements were determined for the 3 leading high-chill cultivars (‘Akatsuki’, ‘Hikawahakuhou’, and ‘Kawanakajimahakutou’), the low-chill cultivar ‘Okinawa 1’, and Momo Tsukuba 127 during 4 seasons at a single location. The CU for ‘Okinawa 1’ and Momo Tsukuba 127 were significantly lower than those of the three high-chill cultivars. Because Momo Tsukuba 127 had lower chilling requirements than the 7 leading peach cultivars but higher chilling requirements than the subtropical cultivars, we classified this new selection as a mid-chill variety. We used the CU and GDH, along with local temperature data, to estimate the blooming dates of 4 cultivars and the new selection during 11 seasons at one location. Regression analyses showed high correlations between the calculated and actual blooming dates. We also compared calculated and actual blooming dates for the 3 leading cultivars and Momo Tsukuba 127 at between17 and 21 locations per genotype. A total of 25 locations were used, and these were widely spread over the temperate zones of Japan. The correlations between the calculated and actual blooming dates were close to 1:1. Our results indicated that our CU and GDH values, along with actual temperature data, could be used to reliably estimate the blooming dates of the genotypes. Because of its lower chilling requirements, the new selection, Momo Tsukuba 127, bloomed 7 or more days earlier than the leading peach cultivars in this study.
- 著者
- Norio Takada Masahiko Yamada Sogo Nishio Yutaka Sawamura Akihiko Sato Noriyuki Onoue Toshihiro Saito
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 園芸学会
- 雑誌
- The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.OKD-030, (Released:2017-02-28)
- 被引用文献数
- 3
The pellicle of the Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) is difficult to peel, with the exception of the recently developed ‘Porotan’, whose pellicle peelability (PP) is high and controlled by a single major gene. The objective of the present study was to identify any genetic differences in PP in Japanese chestnuts with difficult-peeling pellicles. We detected a significant genetic difference in PP (evaluated as the nut surface area that peeled away without scraping with a hand knife after deep frying in cooking oil) among five Japanese chestnut cultivars grown in Tsukuba, Japan, using two trees in 2 years, and among three cultivars grown in five locations using a single tree in 1 year. We evaluated the PP of 32 Japanese chestnut cultivars/selections and one wild clone (Shibaguri-37) using a single tree in 3 years to quantify the variation. The broad-sense heritability of mean values over the 3 years was estimated as 0.67. Shibaguri-37 had the highest PP. The suggested new genes controlling the variation in PP have high potential in terms of breeding strategy for easy-peeling pellicles as an alternative to the major gene of ‘Porotan’, the use of which is likely to result in inbreeding.