著者
保科 英人
出版者
福井大学地域環境研究教育センター
雑誌
日本海地域の自然と環境 : 福井大学地域環境研究教育センター研究紀要 (ISSN:1343084X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.21, pp.107-117, 2014-11-01

昭和11年9月~12月,大阪朝日新聞および東京朝日新聞は,森永ミルクキャラメルの広告である約70回連載の昆虫漫画を掲載した.現代の子供対象の昆虫教材と比較すると,同漫画シリーズは科学的知識水準が相当高いレベルにあることが分かった.その一方で,同漫画シリーズは同年開幕した日本プロ野球や日独防共協定など,政治や社会情勢などが題材に反映されていることが明らかになった.
著者
田中 和子
出版者
福井大学地域環境研究教育センター
雑誌
福井大学地域環境研究教育センター研究紀要 「日本海地域の自然と環境」 (ISSN:1343084X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.3, pp.71-89, 1996-11-01

The 1948 Great Fukui Earthquake Disaster and the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster are the most destructive two earthquake disasters in the post-World War II in Japan. These disasters, half-century separated in age, gave us similar experiences and lessons on the post-earthquake recovery. This indicates that we could not keep our important and valuable lessons obtained through the rescue and recovering processes in the Great Fukui Earthquake Disaster, when the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake occurred. The Fukui Earthquake took place close to a medium-sized prefectural city (Fukui City , its population in 1948 was about 82 thousand) and its environs. Official and informal reports and documents commonly remark that the rescue of the toll and the revival from the miserable situation were successfully done in a relatively short period. As known in this example, the Great Fukui Earthquake Disaster gives us many of important lessons which seem to be still useful to minimize damages due to inland earthquakes whose epicenters locate close to urban areas. This paper focuses on how serious the social and economical damages caused by the Great Fukui Earthquake were and how successful its relief and restoration activities were. Examina- tion of the reports and documents reveals following characteristics pertaining to the Great Fukui Earthquake Disaster. 1) Localized damaged area and restricted information network: A. Localization: The damaged area was not so wide because the earthquake was a typical inland earthquake with a shallow seismic focus. The earthquake took place three years later of the end of World War II , when information networks were not so developed as we have today. The detailed and precise information of how damaged the areas were and what kinds of relief goods were required was transmitted neither so quickly nor frequently to all over Japan and the world. B. Toughness of Fukui residents: They underwent and bore two terrible hardships in several years: one was by the war devastation and the other by the earthquake disaster. Neverthe- less they successfully finished the reconstruction by themselves without sufficient financial support from the Government. 2) Lessons for rescue activities: Many lessons were pointed out through the rescue and reconstruction processes in the Great Fukui Earthquake Disaster. Some requested governmental preparation in advance of earth- quake disasters. For example, A. Necessity of unified command systems controlling disaster relief teams. B. Improvement of emergency communication and information networks. C. Establishment of the mutual rescue operation system among neighboring municipalities. D. To avoid fatal damages, repeat of disaster-education by schools, communities and local governments. These lessons appeared again after the Great Hansin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. 3)Volunteer activities: The Red Cross Society, religious groups, student organizations, youth associations, and so on devotedly offered medical, welfare and labor services. Bath-giving service and milk distribu- tion for babies and infants were also greatly appreciated. It was stressed that volunteers had to come to damaged areas with their foods and beds. 4) Disaster prevention programs: A. Realization of urban planning to minimize disaster damages. B. Repeated evacuating practices. C. Education of seismological characteristics of earthquakes and geography of the neighbor- hood.
著者
田中 和子/服部 勇
出版者
福井大学地域環境研究教育センター
雑誌
福井大学地域環境研究教育センター研究紀要 「日本海地域の自然と環境」 (ISSN:1343084X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.4, pp.77-90, 1997-11-01

After the 1948 Great Fukui Earthquake Disaster, Fukui Prefectural Government and municipalities in the damaged area established and managed many long-term projects for regional reconstruction. The projects involved were urban planning, construction of straight and wide roads, reclamation of agricultural land by drainage improvement, and prevention of disasters. The fundamental structure of the today's Fukui Region has been originated from the programs. This paper examines these long-term programs and their function to today's society. Re-evaluated and discussed here are the important lessons which we can get in the reconstruction programs from the Great Fukui Earthquake Disaster. Some of the lessons are as follows: 1) assuming cases of the worst situation, legal preparation and supplement in advance of disasters are necessary. 2) disaster relief teams should be active under the control of a unified command system. 3) the supreme commander should legally do precise and timely decision making. 4) a positive catchphrase may be effective to encourage residents' rebuilding activities. 5) long-term reconstruction programs should be based on attractive master policies for the damaged region 6) integrated relief organizations should be established among municipalities and prefectures in the vicinity before terrible disasters. 7) multiple systems of transportation and communication should be constructed. 8) prevention programs of disasters would be renewed to meet the current needs. 9) the prior distribution of budget to key projects is indispensable for the quick and attractive reconstruction. 10 ) urgent measures should be limited in a short term, and long-term reconstruction activities would be tackled as soon as possible . 11 ) a disaster-prevention system should be established by taking regional characteristics such as geological, geographical, social, cultural conditions into consideration.
著者
服部 勇
出版者
福井大学
雑誌
福井大学地域環境研究教育センター研究紀要 : 日本海地域の自然と環境 (ISSN:1343084X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.99-115, 2007-11-01

福井県旧美山町芦見地区では近年いちじるしい人口流出に伴う過疎化,農業の衰退がおきている.地区全体の現在人口は200名ほどであるが,江戸時代はじめには1,000名近い人口があった.江戸時代を通じて芦見地区は大野藩の領地であったが,周囲を険峻な山々に囲まれ,ほぼ閉鎖社会であり,独自の共同生活社会を形成した.新文化は大野藩から峠越えに入ってきたに過ぎない.明治以降になると,西側の福井市との交流を求めるようになり,芦見道の整備と相まって,文化交流,産業交流,及び人的交流は獺ケ口を経由して福井市側と行われた.日本の国家政策や地方都市の都市化により,芦見地区の人口流出が始まった.都市へのあこがれ,農業収入の不安定さ,少子化,等がその原因であるが,さらに,道路の整備により,平常は都会で生活し,休日に農作業に芦見に来る人も増えた.道路整備が人口流出を導く例である.過疎は,若年層の流出により進展する.現在の芦見地区の年齢構成は極端に高年齢側に偏っており,農業従事者も高年齢の女性が中心となっている.働き手の減少は農地の放棄や植林による杉林化を導いている.現在の土地利用状況は,杉林が山から平地へ,奥地から中央部へ押し寄せていることを示している.農業に従事する高齢者へのインタービューでは,跡継ぎがいないこと,農業経営では生活できないことなどから,現在の高齢者が最後の農業従事者となるというようなあきらめの境地に浸っている.芦見地区も美山町も過疎の進展をただ黙って見つめていたわけではなかった.芦見地区には平成になってからも旧芦見小学校が新築され,森林体験キャンプ場やスキー場が開発された.芦見地区を過疎から守り,発展させる想いで造営されたこれらは,現在では壮絶な過疎との戦いの痕跡として残されている.過疎から逃れる方策はあるのだろうか.芦見地区の多くの人々は芦見地区に愛着があり,先祖からの田畑を守っていきたいと想っている.しかし,結局は芦見地区やその周辺に働く場があり,ある程度の生活が保障されないと芦見に住むことは困難である.芦見地区がなくならないための一つの方法は,現在の芦見道(県道31号)の両端側,すなわち獺ケ口側と大野市側を拡幅直線化,一部トンネル化し,国道158号の代替道路の役割を持たせることである.この道は福井市-大野市間の主要道路となり,いくつかの産業も入ってくると同時に地区外に出た住民も戻りやすくなる.しかし,芦見地区以外の人々の通行が増えることにより芦見地区が変貌していくことは避けられない.