著者

Yeva Rosana Andi Yasmon Wresti Indriatmi Ida Effendi Raden Lia Kusumawati Rasmia Rowawi Sunarjati Sudigdoadi Gita Widya Pradini Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna Ni Made Dwi Puspawati Maryam Kusumawaty Muhammad Nasrum Massi

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.4, pp.355-360, 2022-07-31 (Released:2022-07-22)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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Azithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat syphilis, especially in the context of penicillin allergy. Although resistance to azithromycin has been widely reported to be associated with one- and/or two-point mutations on the 23S rRNA gene, it has yet to be described in Indonesia. Specimens were collected from 220 patients diagnosed with secondary syphilis. A multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing system using the 23S rRNA target gene of Treponema pallidum was designed using three primer pairs. The first step involved the use of PCR primer pairs to detect T. pallidum. In the second step, two PCR primer pairs were constructed to identify azithromycin-resistant T. pallidum based on A2058G and A2059G point mutations. T. pallidum detected in samples from Jakarta or Bandung were not resistant to azithromycin. However, azithromycin-resistant T. pallidum were found in samples from Makassar, Medan, and Bali. Specimens from heterosexual males and patients with HIV accounted for the majority of azithromycin resistance noted in the study. This study demonstrated that the azithromycin-resistant T. pallidum detected in Indonesia appear to be a novel variant of resistance, containing both the A2058G and A2059G mutations found in Medan and Makassar.

著者

Itoe Iizuka Yasushi Ami Yuriko Suzaki Noriyo Nagata Shuetsu Fukushi Momoko Ogata Shigeru Morikawa Hideki Hasegawa Masashi Mizuguchi Ichiro Kurane Masayuki Saijo

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.4, pp.408-415, 2017 (Released:2017-07-24)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 27

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Monkeypox virus (MPXV) causes human monkeypox (human MPX), which is a similar disease to smallpox in humans. A previous study showed that a single vaccination of monkeys with LC16m8, a highly attenuated smallpox vaccine, protected them from MPX from 4-5 weeks post-vaccination. In this study, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of a single vaccination with LC16m8 in a nonhuman primate model of MPXV infection. The monkeys were inoculated with either LC16m8, Lister (parental strain of LC16m8), or a mock-up vaccine, and then challenged with MPXV via a subcutaneous route, at 6 and 12 months after vaccination, which we compared with either Lister or the mock-up vaccination. The LC16m8 monkeys exhibited almost no MPX-associated symptoms, whereas most of the naïve monkeys died. LC16m8 generated the protective memory immune response against MPXV, as suggested by the immediate viremia reduction and the response of the IgG antibody. The results demonstrated that the vaccination of monkeys with a single dose of LC16m8 provided durable protection against MPXV for longer than one year after immunization. The results suggest that the vaccination of humans with LC16m8 could induce long-term protection against MPXV infection.

著者

Takuya Yano Hitoshi Ochiai Shigehiro Akachi Yoshiharu Matsumura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2019.210, (Released:2020-05-29)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

Tsuyoshi Sekizuka Kentaro Itokawa Masumichi Saito Michitsugu Shimatani Shutoku Matsuyama Hideki Hasegawa Tomoya Saito Makoto Kuroda

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2021.844, (Released:2022-02-28)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

21

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Prominent genomic recombination has been observed between the Delta and Alpha variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolated from clinical specimens in Japan. Interestingly, the recombination variant detected in this study carries a spike protein identical to the one in the domestic Delta variant, thereby suggesting that further risks would not be concerned with infectivity and immune escape. The recombinant has been classified as XC lineage in the PANGOLIN database. It is necessary to intensively study such marked genetic variations and characterize the emerging variants after careful verification of their lineage and clade assignment.

著者

Taro Noguchi Koh Shinohara Yasuhiro Tsuchido Satomi Yukawa Masaki Yamamoto Yasufumi Matsumura Michiko Hayashi Yutaka Yamada Akihiko Hayashi Tsunehiro Shimizu Miki Nagao

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.205-208, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-03-24)

参考文献数

12

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Transitioning from intravenous to oral antibiotic therapy for Escherichia coli bacteremia could reduce the length of hospital stay and drug costs without compromising efficacy. Despite the expansion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, limited data are available regarding the effectiveness of switching to oral antibiotic therapy in patients with bacteremia caused by this organism. To compare clinical outcomes between oral transition therapy and intravenous therapy in patients with bacteremia due to ESBL-producing E. coli with a urinary source, we conducted a retrospective cohort study at 3 Japanese hospitals. The effects were estimated by Cox hazard analysis using propensity scores. Among 996 patients with bacteremia due to E. coli, 73 were included in the study. In the adjusted analysis weighted by propensity scores including 26 patients in the oral switch group and 47 in the intravenous group, oral transition did not increase the risk of treatment failure within 60 days (adjusted hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.18–4.10), whereas the length of hospital stay was shorter in the oral switch group than in the intravenous group (median, 12 days vs. 19 days, P = 0.04). Intravenous-to-oral transition may be an effective treatment option that shortens the hospital stay.

著者

Nobuhiro Takemae Yen Hai Doan Fumitaka Momose Tomoya Saito Tsutomu Kageyama

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2022.007, (Released:2022-01-31)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

10

---

The World Health Organization (WHO) designated Omicron (B.1.1.529 lineage) of SARS-CoV-2 as a new variant of concern (VOC) on 26th of November 2021. The risk to public health conferred by the Omicron variant is still not completely clear, although its numerous gene mutations raise concern about its potential for increased transmissibility and immune escape. In this study, we describe our development of two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays targeting the G339D or T547K mutation of the spike protein for screening of the Omicron variant. A specificity test revealed that the two assays successfully discriminated the Omicron variant from the Delta variant and Alpha variant each with one nucleotide mismatch. In addition, a sensitivity test showed that the G339D and T547K assays detected at least 2.60 and 3.36 RNA copies of the Omicron variant, respectively, and 1.59 RNA copies of the Delta variant. These results demonstrated that both assays could be useful for detecting and discriminating the Omicron variant from other strains. In addition, because of the rapid and unpredictable evolution of SARS-CoV-2, combining our assays with previously developed assays for detecting other mutations may lead to a more accurate diagnosis system.

著者

Tomoko Nakanishi Ryo Inose Yoshiki Kusama Masahiro Ishikane Toshiki Kajihara Koji Yahara Motoyuki Sugai Hiroki Ohge Norio Ohmagari Yuichi Muraki

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.177-182, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-03-24)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

3

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The national action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Japan emphasizes the importance of understanding antimicrobial use (AMU). Some studies have been conducted on oral and parenteral AMU in Japan. However, there are few studies on the use of topical antimicrobials, such as in dermatology and ophthalmology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the use of topical AMU in Japan. Data on AMU in dermatology and ophthalmology were obtained from the 2017 National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan Open Data. The number of dermatological products used was 58,396,530 in 2017. The proportions of betamethasone/gentamicin and gentamicin used were 50.5% and 16.7%, respectively, whereas that of the ingredient quantity in gentamicin was 7.8%. It has been suggested that topical AMU should be evaluated based on the number of products being used. The number of ophthalmological products used was 24,655,653 in 2017, and the proportion of quinolones used was 95.9%. The high prescription rate of quinolones may cause an increase in quinolone resistance in the ophthalmologic field. Topical AMU, which is a potential “blind spot” in the measures against AMR, needs to be continuously monitored, together with systemic AMU.

著者

Kazuya Shirato Naganori Nao Shutoku Matsuyama Tsutomu Kageyama

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.3, pp.181-186, 2020-05-29 (Released:2020-05-22)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

13 25

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Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is usually diagnosed through highly sensitive and specific genetic tests such as real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Currently, two real-time RT-PCR assays targeting the upE and ORF1a regions of the MERS-CoV genome are widely used, and these are the standard assays recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The MERS outbreaks to date suggest that rapid diagnosis and subsequent isolation of infected patients, particularly superspreaders, are critical for containment. However, conventional real-time RT-PCR assays require large laboratory instruments, and amplification takes approximately 2 h. These disadvantages limit rapid diagnosis. Here, an ultra-rapid real-time RT-PCR test was established comprising a multiplex assay for upE and ORF1a running on a mobile PCR1100 device. As few as five copies of the MERS-CoV RNA can be detected within 20 min using the standard WHO assays in the mobile PCR device, with the sensitivity and specificity being similar to those of a conventional real-time PCR instrument such as the LightCyler, thereby enabling timely intervention to control MERS-CoV infection.

著者

Julien Exinger Cédric Hartard Fanny Lafferrière Christelle Fenninger Loic J. Charbonnière Hélène Jeulin

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2021.273, (Released:2021-12-28)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

---

The new epidemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for severe respiratory illness (i.e. COVID-19). RT-PCR on respiratory samples is the gold standard in COVID-19 diagnosis, while serological tests may contribute to detect post-infection and post-vaccination immunity, and permit seroprevalence studies. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) COVIDTECH® SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Antibody Rapid Test that detects anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG using a S-protein recombinant antigen has been independently evaluated in two laboratories. The specificity evaluated on 65 pre-pandemic samples reached 100% for IgM/IgG. Analyzing samples from patients with RT-PCR-confirmed infection, IgM/IgG antibodies were detected in 18/26 (69%) and 58/58 (100%) samples before day 13th and from the 14th day post-symptom onset respectively. Before the 14th post-symptom onset, the COVIDTECH test was less sensitive than another LFIA method (BioSynex BSS IgM/IgG) and a chemiluminescent Immunoassay (LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay). Overall, this LFIA method is suitable for SARS-CoV-2 serological diagnosis, when the patient is > 14th day after onset of symptoms.

著者

Emi Takashita Hiroko Morita Shiho Nagata Masayuki Shirakura Seiichiro Fujisaki Hideka Miura Ikuyo Takayama Tomoko Arita Yasushi Suzuki Masaoki Yamaoka Taichiro Tanikawa Ryota Tsunekuni Junki Mine Saki Sakuma Yuko Uchida Akihiro Shibata Mari Iwanaka Noriko Kishida Kazuya Nakamura Tsutomu Kageyama Shinji Watanabe Hideki Hasegawa The Influenza Virus Surveillance Group of Japan

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2021.751, (Released:2021-12-28)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

---

Circulation of avian influenza A viruses in poultry is a public health concern because these viruses may cause severe disease in humans and have the potential to become more transmissible among humans. Monitoring the susceptibility of these viruses to antivirals is important for influenza pandemic preparedness. However, information about their antiviral susceptibility is limited. Here, we determined the susceptibilities of avian influenza A(H5N1), A(H5N2), A(H5N8), A(H7N7), A(H7N9), A(H9N1), and A(H9N2) viruses isolated in Japan to the antivirals approved for use there: the M2 inhibitor amantadine; the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir, and laninamivir; and the RNA polymerase inhibitors baloxavir and favipiravir. Genotypic methods that detect amino acid substitutions associated with antiviral resistance and phenotypic methods that assess viral susceptibility to drugs revealed that these avian influenza A viruses are susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and RNA polymerase inhibitors. These results suggest that the neuraminidase inhibitors and the RNA polymerase inhibitors currently approved in Japan could be a treatment option against influenza A virus infections in humans.

著者

Shin-ichi Tamura Akira Ainai Tadaki Suzuki Takeshi Kurata Hideki Hasegawa

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.165-179, 2016 (Released:2016-05-20)

参考文献数

98

被引用文献数

23 31

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Influenza is a contagious, acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. The mucosal lining in the host respiratory tract is not only the site of virus infection, but also the site of defense; it is at this site that the host immune response targets the virus and protects against reinfection. One of the most effective methods to prevent influenza is to induce specific antibody (Ab) responses in the respiratory tract by vaccination. Two types of influenza vaccines, intranasal live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines and parenteral (injectable) inactivated vaccines, are currently used worldwide. These vaccines are approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration. Live attenuated vaccines induce both secretory IgA (S-IgA) and serum IgG antibodies (Abs), whereas parenteral vaccines induce only serum IgG Abs. However, intranasal administration of inactivated vaccines together with an appropriate adjuvant induces both S-IgA and IgG Abs. Several preclinical studies on adjuvant-combined, nasal-inactivated vaccines revealed that nasal S-IgA Abs, a major immune component in the upper respiratory tract, reacted with homologous virus hemagglutinin (HA) and were highly cross-reactive with viral HA variants, resulting in protection and cross-protection against infection by both homologous and variant viruses, respectively. Serum-derived IgG Abs, which are present mainly in the lower respiratory tract, are less cross-reactive and cross-protective. In addition, our own clinical trials have shown that nasal-inactivated whole virus vaccines, including a built-in adjuvant (single-stranded RNA), induced serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) Ab titers that fulfilled the EMA criteria for vaccine efficacy. The nasal-inactivated whole virus vaccines also induced high levels of nasal HI and neutralizing Ab titers, although we have not yet evaluated the nasal HI titers due to the lack of official criteria to establish efficacy based on this parameter. Data suggest that adjuvant-combined nasal-inactivated vaccines have advantages over the current injectable vaccine because the former induce both S-IgA and serum IgG Abs. In addition, nasal-inactivated vaccines seem to be superior to the LAIV vaccines, because non-infectious preparations could be used in high-risk groups. Thus, the development of intranasal inactivated vaccines is recommended, because such vaccines are expected to improve the efficacy of influenza vaccines.

著者

Muhammad Sohaib Asghar Farah Yasmin Muhammad Junaid Tahir Saira Anwar Rabail Yaseen Zohaib Yousaf

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2021.076, (Released:2021-09-30)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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Increased gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT) is one manifestation of increased capillary permeability caused by severe dengue. This study was carried out to link the severity of GBWT with the bleeding risk and the need for transfusion. It was conducted retrospectively including all the patients with a diagnosis of dengue infection either via Dengue nonstructural protein-1 (NS-1) antigen or IgM antibody. Pearson's correlation, linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for predictive analysis of GBWT with event of bleeding and need for transfusion of platelets during the hospital stay. A total of 177 participants met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 33.17 ± 13.63 years. Mean GBWT was found to be 0.37 ± 0.15 cm, with 46.3% of patients had a thickness greater than 0.30 cm. A total of 16 patients were documented with bleeding events out of which 7.3% had minor bleeding and 1.7% had a major bleeding event. Linear regression analysis showed increased GBWT was found associated with decreased platelet count on admission (p=0.002) and lowest platelet counts (p=0.004). GBWT was found predictive of bleeding event and transfusion of platelets at higher sensitivity and specificity than platelet count on admission and lowest platelet counts.

著者

Atsushi Hinenoya Sharda Prasad Awasthi Noritomo Yasuda Keigo Nagano Jayedul Hassan Keiji Takehira Noritoshi Hatanaka Shun Saito Takashi Watabe Miki Yoshizawa Haruna Inoue Shinji Yamasaki

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2021.355, (Released:2021-08-31)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

8

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Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Several outbreaks of E. albertii have occurred particularly in Japan. Although birds have been considered as one of the most important reservoirs of this bacterium, information regarding the prevalence in birds is still scanty. We performed a survey of E. albertii in wild birds in Japan, and examined characteristics of the isolates. E. albertii specific gene was detected in 5 cloacal swabs out of 156 birds by PCR. Four E. albertii were isolated from a swallow with 2 different E. albertii strains and 2 pigeons in a flock by XRM-MacConkey agar. These isolates were assigned to biogroup 3, shown no resistance to any antimicrobials tested, and classified into 2 EAO-genotypes (EAOg2 and EAOg33) and untypable. Similar to clinical E. albertii strains, these isolates carried virulence genes including eae (n=4), paa (n=4), Eccdt-I (n=2) and stx2f (n=1) in addition to Eacdt. Interestingly, stx2f genes in a strain were located on an inducible bacteriophage, which can confer the ability to produce Stx2f to E. coli. In conclusion, Japanese wild birds carried E. albertii at the similar levels to the reported prevalence in birds. These isolates may have a potential to cause gastroenteritis in humans.

著者

Satoru Mitsuboshi Junichiro Date Naoki Tsuruma Hirokazu Yamaga Kazuya Watanabe Hiroko Kijima Manami Nakashita Hiroki Hosokawa Masami Tsugita

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.3, pp.240-244, 2021-05-31 (Released:2021-05-24)

参考文献数

14

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The prevalence of quinolone- and macrolide-resistant Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is increasing worldwide, but the relationship between the resistance of GBS to these antibiotics and patient outcome remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated whether blood stream infection caused by quinolone- or macrolide-resistant GBS is associated with high mortality. Our findings in 77 patients with GBS bacteremia demonstrate that quinolone and macrolide resistance may not be risk factors for 30-day mortality.

著者

Shoko Kawai Kazuaki Fukushima Makiko Yomota Akito Fukuda Sho Fujiwara Masaru Tanaka Taiichiro Kobayashi Keishiro Yajima Yukio Hosomi Akifumi Imamura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.1009, (Released:2021-04-30)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

8

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza may infect a person simultaneously; hence, adequate measures must be prepared for the next winter in Japan. In preparation for the future, this study aimed to clarify the rate of influenza coinfection in patients with COVID-19 in previous winter. We conducted a retrospective study of the medical records of 193 patients diagnosed as having COVID-19 between January 31, 2020, and April 23, 2020, in a single hospital. We measured the rate of coinfection with COVID-19 and influenza. We found no patient was coinfected with influenza using rapid diagnostic testing. The occurrence of coinfection with influenza and COVID-19 seems to be rare in the past winter in Japan.

著者

Toshiki Kajihara Koji Yahara Aki Hirabayashi Keigo Shibayama Motoyuki Sugai

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.87-96, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-24)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

34

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Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS) is one of the largest national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance systems in the world. The JANIS Clinical Laboratory division collects comprehensive specimen-based data from diagnostic microbiology laboratories of participating hospitals to monitor the isolation rate of 11 major bacteria and specific AMR bacteria, and creates antibiograms of approximately 20 bacterial species. Data on the JANIS web database system are also annually tabulated and shared with the WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System. To create a network of international AMR surveillance systems among Asian countries, Japan is developing an international web database system named ASIan Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (ASIARS-Net) based on the JANIS system; ASIARS-Net is an open-source database and confidentially available at almost no cost. JANIS continues to evolve in multiple directions; some are discussed at the end of this review.

著者

Eiji Soga Miki Akiyama Yusuke Ohsaki Wataru Hayashi Takehisa Matsumoto Kozue Oana Noriyuki Nagano Yoshiyuki Kawakami

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.193-195, 2019 (Released:2019-05-23)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3

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A capnophilic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium was recovered from the urine of an octogenarian male patient with acute pyelonephritis. The isolate was found to produce CTX-M-2-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase. Interestingly, the isolate failed to grow on modified Drigalski (BTB) and MacConkey agar media, even under CO2-enriched atmosphere. Our analysis revealed that the pH-indicator dyes, bromothymol blue, and/or crystal violet that were incorporated into the agar media inhibited the growth of the isolate. Although routine identification methods using Vitek® 2 Compact systems were unsuccessful, the isolate was identified as Proteus mirabilis by 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The carbonic anhydrase (CA) region spanning approximately 2,000 bp upstream to 2,000 bp downstream, which is responsible for the CO2 requirement, was not amplified, which could be attributed to the large-scale deletion or mutation of the DNA sequences containing the CA gene region. In fact, revertants with the ability to grow without CO2 were not detected. However, a revertant that was capable of growing in both BTB and MacConkey agar was detected at frequencies less than 10-9. Therefore, the genes responsible for the highly sensitive reactions of the isolate to pH indicator dyes is not likely to be linked to the CA genes.

著者

Tomoko Sakihama Yasuharu Tokuda

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.6, pp.531-533, 2016 (Released:2016-11-22)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

7 9

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The risk factors are unclear for peripheral venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections (PVCBSIs) caused by Bacillus cereus. We aimed to examine for these risk factors in patients with B. cereus PVCBSI by conducting a 2-year case-control study in a large teaching hospital. We analyzed all adult cases of B. cereus PVCBSI (37 patients) and 180 controls who were randomly selected from among patients who had a PVC in place for at least 2 days. Multivariate analysis using a conditional logistic regression model indicated that independent risk factors were use of a peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) solution with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 88.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.4–451.9), and steroid therapy (adjusted OR, 5.7 [95% CI, 1.3–24.4]). In conclusion, use of PPN solutions or steroids was an independent risk factor for B. cereus PVCBSI. Appropriate use of PPN solutions may help prevent B. cereus PVCBSI. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

著者

Reiichiro Obata Tetsuro Maeda Dahlia Rizk DO Toshiki Kuno

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2020.884, (Released:2020-12-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

37

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Since cytokine release syndrome is considered to be associated with severe cases of COVID-19, steroids are expected to be effective for its treatment. We aimed to investigate the use of steroids and its impact. We conducted a retrospective chart review and analysis of 226 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. Patients were divided into those who received steroids (steroid group) and those who did not (no steroid group). Inverse weighted probability weighted analysis was performed to assess the effect of steroids for in-hospital mortality. The steroid group had higher rates of preexisting hypertension and peripheral vascular disease than no steroid group and also had higher lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer, and inflammatory makers compared to no steroid group (all P<0.05). The steroid group had significantly higher rates of multifocal pneumonia than no steroid group at admission (75.4% versus 50.3%, P=0.001). Notably, steroid group had higher rates of bacterial infection (25% versus 13.1%, P=0.041) and fungal infection (12.7% versus 0.7%, P<0.001) during hospital course. After adjustment, steroid did not decrease or increase in-hospital mortality (OR [95% CI]: 1.02 [0.60-1.73, P=0.94]). Steroid did not decrease the in-hospital mortality rate. There were increased bacterial and fungal infections with steroid use.

著者

Atsushi Hinenoya Sharda Prasad Awasthi Noritomo Yasuda Ayaka Shima Hirofumi Morino Tomoko Koizumi Toshiaki Fukuda Takanori Miura Takashi Shibata Shinji Yamasaki

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2014.294, (Released:2015-01-20)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

9 21

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In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) compared with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on various multidrug-resistant strains in the presence of bovine serum albumin and sheep erythrocytes to mimic the frequent blood contamination in clinical environment. The 3 most important species causing nosocomial infections, i.e., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRA) were evaluated, with 3 representative strains from each. At a 10 ppm-concentration, ClO2 drastically reduced the number of all MDRP and MDRA, and 2 out of 3 MRSA strains, but NaClO was unable to cause any remarkable attenuation for any of the 9 strains tested in 60 seconds. Increased concentration of 100 ppm enabled ClO2 to completely kill MRSA strains, whereas NaClO failed to significantly lower the number of 2 MRSA and 1 MDRA strains. A time-course experiment demonstrated that, within 15 seconds, 100 ppm of ClO2 could kill completely all tested strains but NaClO at this concentration failed to do so. Together, these data suggest that ClO2 is more effective than NaClO against MRSA, MDRP and MDRA, and 100 ppm could be a practical concentration of ClO2 against these multidrug-resistant strains, which may cause fatal nosocomial infections.