著者

増田 弘

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 = Toyo Eiwa journal of the humanities and social sciences (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.1-29, 2000-03

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This article aims to disclose the reality of the purges of Kono Ichiro, the Chief Secretary of the Liberal Party, and Miki Bukichi, the Chairman of the Excutive Board, on June 20, 1946. The stated reason was that both of them were militaristic and ultra-nationalistic dietmen in the pre-war period. They, however, resisted the militaristic atmosphere with the rise of the army and made efforts towards defending Japan's democratic system in the 1930s and the first half of'40s.In fact, Kono and Miki won their seats in the House of Representatives election without governmental recognition in 1942 during the Pacific war period. Then, why were they purged? Is it true that the GS (Government Section) in the GHQ unfairly excluded them or that Narahashi Wataru, the Secretary General of the Shidehara Cabinet, made a plot to purge them in order to stop the formation of Hatoyama Cabinet?Unexpectedly, it has turned out that new prime minister Yoshida Shigeru intervened between the GS and the Public Service Examination Committee in the process of screening Kono and Miki and he played a great role in purging them.The purpose of this article is to clarify these new facts through an analysis of the GS files and other documents.

著者

秋本 倫子

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 = Toyo Eiwa Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.59-82, 2013-03

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A worldwide best seller Yoru to Kiri (the original German title : EIN PSYCHOLOGE ERLEBT DAS KONZENTRATIONSLAGER, the Enlish title: Man’s Search for Meaning) was written by a Jewish psychiatrist Viktor E. Frankl. It was first translated into Japanese by Tokuji Shimoyama, a clinical psychologist and a professor emeritus at Sophia University (an ex-professor of Toyo Eiwa University). Since its publication, it has been read by many people over generations. The book has tremendous power toinspire and to encourage. After he was released from the Nazi concentration camps, he continued to work as a psychiatrist, taught at universities, gave lectures around the world, and lived to be 92. He is a miraculous psychiatrist and a psychologist of a kind that cannot be found anywhere.The aim of this paper was to re-read Yoru to Kiri and examine both from the perspective of modern trauma psychology (1) what kind of psychological reactions, defense mechanisms or coping behaviors Frankl resorted to while he was imprisoned in the Nazi concentration camps, (2) how he overcame the trauma and adapted to his life after the war, and by referencing some literature on his life and on Holocaust survivors’ psychology, (3) what kind of defense mechanisms or coping behaviors were effective in surviving extreme situations.Results:(1) It was found that Frankl showed at least some traumatic symptoms: extreme fear, denial or undoing, dissociation, repetitive and intrusive reactions (nightmares and obsession) , paralyzed or limited emotions, reduced interests, irritability and anger. The nightmares persisted till his ninties. (2) Frankl was not only using the coping behaviors as the Holocaust survivors in the literature, but he 82 was also rich in resources: intelligence, being a psychiatrist, warm and loving family elationships, and Jewish faith. More than anything, he supported himself by his firm convi ction that the life is worthwhile living no matter how harsh it may be.Conclusion: Frankl may have been a gifted person in many ways. But more than anything, he was willing, instead of giving in to the “fate”, he was willing to take responsibility to find the right answers and fulfill the tasks given to him. He lived with this belief all his life and has been other people’s lives meaningful.

著者

小寺 敦之

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 = Toyo Eiwa Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.87-110, 2012-03

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The “Powerspots”, known as the sacred places to heal or activate visitors, has come into fashion in recent years. The aim of this paper is to define what the “Powerspots” are based on sociological approach.In the view of sociology of religion, the “Powerspots” are located as a popularized form of modern spirituality. Especially Ehara’s TV program, a Japanese TV program in which he counseled guests spiritually, had decisive impact to make spirituality popular. Even though affirmative handlings of paranormal phenomenon in mass media have long history in Japan, after Ehara’s fad people have accepted a word of spirituality and collaborated to expand it. Publications entitled “Powerspots” have increased from then. Popularized spirituality has transformed as materialism and created spiritual markets.Sociological studies have explained the appearance of spirituality in postmodern society and proliferation of popularized spirituality in Japan, but only a few empirical studies has been done on the receptiveness. In the present study a preliminary survey was conducted on the “Powerspots” for future research. Openended questionnaire results have revealed that (1) while they have knowledge of collecting information about “Powerspots” from the media as well as from other people, the “Powerspots” have been discovered or re-innovated by themselves; (2) although the aims of visit are diverse, in common, they all want to make a distance from daily life; and (3) their attitudes to the “Powerspots” is not only determined by belief, but evaluation of the fashion or society.

著者

湯沢 雍彦

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 = Toyo Eiwa journal of the humanities and social sciences (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.173-196, 2001-02

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During the last ten years, only Denmark among the developed countries succeeded in increasing the total fertility rate (TFR). It will serve as great reference to Japanese society that suffered from the continuous decline of TFR, to determine the cause of increasing TFR in Denmark by clarifying the relation between TFR and life structure. From August through the beginning of September in 1999, we implemented the field study on this issue in three cities of Elsinore(Helsingor), Odense and Bogense. We visited a Folkeskole (elementary and junior high school), an integrated day care facility for children aged 6 months to 5 yrs old (day nursery and kindergarten), a municipal office, the committee for labor market (Arbejdsskadestyrelsen), etc. We interviewed ten couples with children and observed also three families closely while staying at their homes. Also we made questionnaires on family budget, time budget and life consciousness.The findings are as follows:1. By putting the Social Assistance Act into effect and by revising it thereafter, not only the period of the paid parental leave was extended, but also the facilities for children under nine and child-caring system were well prepared.2. All companies keep up the time of 4 p.m. as the closing time of the day, and parents establish their habits of coming back home straight from jobs after picking up their children at the children's facilities.3. Due to the booming economy since 1993, the income of families has grown up over the rate of inflation. The cost of raising children has not caused families economic burden. It means that families have not been suffering from the cost of child-care.4. In Denmark having many children is perceived as a way to make life lively and enjoyable, and spending time with one's family is considered more important than working.5. The social structure is such that there is no need to save money for education and health care.6. The baby boom generation of 25 ~ 30 years ago is reaching child bearing age. (This fact might have the most direct and the strongest influence on the increasing TFR.)

著者

小寺 敦之

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 = Toyo Eiwa journal of the humanities and social sciences (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.29-46, 2013

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As Internet use has proliferated worldwide, maladaptive patterns or negative impacts of Internet use, so-called Internet addiction, have been increasingly reported. This study critically reviewed literature and discussed some problems regarding the study of Internet addiction. Development of Internet addiction research and criticism of this subjectindicates that the research to date on Internet addiction 1) has no heoretical background, 2) lacks valid measurement, 3) may have resented misleading causal relationships, 4) has restricted research with a psychiatric paradigm, and 5) has been debated on the presumption that the Internet has brought negative consequences. IfInternet addiction truly exists, researchers must respond to these problems.

著者

足立 恭則

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 = Toyo Eiwa Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.83-92, 2013-03

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At many educational institutions study abroad applicants must undergo a screening process before being accepted into the program. The process typically involves the review of the application documents and an interview which assess the applicant's suitability or readiness for study abroad. In particular, great importance is often placed on the interview. This interview, however, is not always perfect in making an accurateand fair evaluation of the applicants because of the potential problems in the interview's format and the evaluation criteria as well as the biases interviewers frequent fall prey to.In this article, we will analyze the problems found in the typical interviewing process and discuss what can be done to improve it so we can make a fair and more accurate assessment of the applicants.

著者

小寺 敦之

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 = Toyo Eiwa journal of the humanities and social sciences (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.89-106, 2017-03

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Media literacy is a wide-ranging and multi-dimensional concept that has developed differently in many countries. But the most crucial and common skill that is shared among facilitators is critical viewing of media contents. This study theoretically attempts to develop a Media Literacy Scale as a measurement of critical viewing skill.The scale consists of six key elements of media literacy: a) the media message is constructed; b) the media constructs social realities; c) the media message has commercial implications; d) the media message has embedded ideology; e) each medium has a unique mode; and f) people experience the same message differently.Items of the scale were carefully selected through a preliminary study and a pre- and post- survey was also conducted in a media literacy class to validate the scale. The average score significantly improved in the post-survey despite the degree of student attitude toward the class. Future studies need to refine the scale and apply it to various empirical research.

著者

長谷川 かおり

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 = Toyo Eiwa journal of the humanities and social sciences (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.69-88, 2017-03

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We consider the various causes for the resignation of female employees from the labor markets in Japan. We estimate employment probabilities in two female groups: university graduates and the under-senior high school graduates in all age groups. The results show that two factors are important in both groups, the number of young children and age. For women in their thirties and forties, the probability of employment is considerably higher in the under-senior graduates group than among university graduates.To determine an explanation for this, we compare the productivities of household production and market wage rate of females. By estimating the parametersof the production function where the inputs consist of family time and market goods, we suggest new microeconomic estimates of productivity in household production. The result shows that productivity in household production is higher among nonregular employees than regular employees.