著者

今澤 浩二

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.14, pp.271-305, 2021-03-16

著者

高 田 里惠子

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.59-75, 2020-10-08

著者

今澤 浩二

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.271-305, 2021-03-16

著者

松澤 俊二

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.35-57, 2020-10-08

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Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture is the birthplace of Akiko Yosano. Akiko isnow considered to be a symbol of the local identity, and many commemorative events are held. However, before the war, Akiko was also recognized asa “bad girl” and was not always welcomed by the people of Sakai.The focus of this paper is on how Akiko was remembered by the local people after the war. In particular, this point will be made clear by variousawards activities held in Sakai, such as making monuments and memorials,and examining their performances. Then, the transformation and variety ofAkiko’s image are also shown. It also discusses the important significanceof the region remembering Akiko.

著者

松永 俊男

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.39-65, 2022-02-23

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In 1859, Charles Darwin published Origin of Species as the abstract ofthe Big Species Book. He published revised editions of the Origin fivetimes, 2nd ed.( 1860), 3rd ed.( 1861), 4th ed.( 1866), 5th ed.( 1869), and6th ed.( 1872). In this paper, differences of formats over the six editionsare described, and alterations of Darwin’s attitude toward writing andrevising the Origin are investigated by analysing the correspondenceof Darwin with John Murray, Charles Lyell, Thomas Henry Huxley andothers. In writing the 1st ed. and the 2nd ed., Darwin wanted to complete theBig Book. He showed unwillingness to devote time to writing the Origin.But at the stage of the 3rd ed., he gave up the idea of completing the BigBook and decided to expand upon his theory of the biological evolutionthrough the Origin. After ten years from the 1st ed., Darwin’s idea of the branching evolutionfrom a common ancestor had been widely acknowledged. In theconcluding chapter of the 6th ed., Darwin states, “Now things are whollychanged, and almost every naturalist admits the great principle ofevolution.” (p. 424). This is Darwin’s declaration of victory. The mostimportant object of the Origin had been accomplished. After the 6th ed.,therefore, Darwin did not try to revise the Origin, and concentrated hisenergy on studying botany. The 6th ed. was published as a cheap edition. The appearance of the6th ed. was markedly different from the previous editions. The formatfrom the 1st ed. to 4th ed. was post octavo. The 5th ed. was crown octavo. The 6th ed. was shorter and narrower than the 5th ed. The types ofthe text in the previous editions were 10-point, but 8-point in the 6th ed.In the previous editions, texts were 35 lines in a page, but 45 lines in the6th ed. The previous editions are regarded as fair specimens of Victoriantypography. But the 6th ed. is difficult to read. From the 1st ed. to 4th ed., the price of the Origin was 14s. The 5thed. was 15s. The 6th ed. was half of the 5th ed., i.e., 7s6d. The previouseditions were type printing and were never reprinted. The 6th ed. wasstereotype printing and was reprinted almost annually. After the Education Act of 1870, the readership of England was enlarged.Murray’s objective in publishing the cheap edition was for thenew readership. The 6th ed. sold well, but it is probable that many peoplewere kept from reading the book by its unattractive appearance. Now the Origin has become a classical book of science and has beenpublished in various forms in various languages. However, it is rarethat the book is read thoroughly. The Origin is the typical book that is bought but not read.

著者

高田 里惠子

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.67-92, 2022-02-23

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This article roughly outlines the life of Nosei Abe (1883-1966) - theauthor of numerous books, including two autobiographies - by quotingand reconstructing the discourses among others about him. Abe isalmost forgotten today, but as a philosopher, professor, Minister of Educationin the aftermath of the war, and educational advisor to CrownPrince, he was once famous as well as much admired and criticized.From people’s views on Nosei Abe emerges the characteristics of modernJapanese culture or political situation. First, I discuss how Abe is seen as having no academic achievementdespite publishing many books from Iwanami Shoten, a well-known academicpublisher. Abe was regarded as a dilettante who merely introducedwestern science and culture, or an essayist without philologicalresearch or genuine scholarship. From this perception of Abe, we cansee what is recognized as “academic” in humanities in modern Japan. The next notable thing is that Abe was accused of being a “conservativereactionary” by the younger generation of Japan during the ColdWar. However, Abe was one of the leading writers of Taishō-Culturalism,who advocated western individualism and liberalism in Japan in the early20th century. Abe described himself as a “liberal.” In fact, after Japan’sdefeat in the Second World War, Abe was also the chairman of the leftwingpeace organization headed by Iwanami Shoten. Meanwhile, Abe expressed his discomfort with the labor movementand admitted his aversion to the Soviet Union and the communist party.Some people criticized these contradictions in Abe and some fondly remembered his harmless “slovenliness” or “magnanimity.” One could saythat the mix of cultural liberalism and political conservatism in Abe is atypical example of modern Japanese intellectuals.

著者

高田 里惠子

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.16, pp.67-92, 2022-02-23

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This article roughly outlines the life of Nosei Abe (1883-1966) - theauthor of numerous books, including two autobiographies - by quotingand reconstructing the discourses among others about him. Abe isalmost forgotten today, but as a philosopher, professor, Minister of Educationin the aftermath of the war, and educational advisor to CrownPrince, he was once famous as well as much admired and criticized.From people's views on Nosei Abe emerges the characteristics of modernJapanese culture or political situation. First, I discuss how Abe is seen as having no academic achievementdespite publishing many books from Iwanami Shoten, a well-known academicpublisher. Abe was regarded as a dilettante who merely introducedwestern science and culture, or an essayist without philologicalresearch or genuine scholarship. From this perception of Abe, we cansee what is recognized as "academic" in humanities in modern Japan. The next notable thing is that Abe was accused of being a "conservativereactionary" by the younger generation of Japan during the ColdWar. However, Abe was one of the leading writers of Taishō-Culturalism,who advocated western individualism and liberalism in Japan in the early20th century. Abe described himself as a "liberal." In fact, after Japan'sdefeat in the Second World War, Abe was also the chairman of the leftwingpeace organization headed by Iwanami Shoten. Meanwhile, Abe expressed his discomfort with the labor movementand admitted his aversion to the Soviet Union and the communist party.Some people criticized these contradictions in Abe and some fondly remembered his harmless "slovenliness" or "magnanimity." One could saythat the mix of cultural liberalism and political conservatism in Abe is atypical example of modern Japanese intellectuals.

著者

小野 良子

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.16, pp.137-174, 2022-02-23

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In Shakespeare's King Richard Ⅱ, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster,described England before the reign of Richard Ⅱ as "other Eden,"lamenting "This land of such dear souls …/ Is now leased out." TheDuke implied that the political failure of the king had corrupted the "garden"image of England and destroyed England's greatness inherited fromthe Black Prince, Richard Ⅰ. King Richard Ⅱ was written and staged in 1595 as the initial play in asequence about the Lancastrian phase of English history. The first edition(Q1) was published in 1597 and promptly followed by two furtherissues (Q2 and Q3) in 1598. It was the first play-text to prove its popularity,which indicates the "garden" image of England should have beenshared among the Shakespearian audience and readers. This paper is an attempt to examine the myth of England as "the secondEden," tracing back the origins of the legend to Classical mythologyand history. The first chapter consists of three parts: a survey of "Britannia,"ancient Greek and Roman mythology, and Arthurian legends. Thesecond chapter gives a closer reading of "Britannia" under the RomanEmpire.

著者

吉田 一穂

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.73-102, 2023-02-23

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Charles Dickens (1812-70) and Catherine, his wife, sailed from Liverpool on 4 January on board the steamship Britannia. For comfort during their absence of six months, they took with them Catherine’s maid, the ever-reliable Anne Brown, and a delightful sketch of the children by Maclise which was given pride of place in their room wherever they stayed. After a wretched voyage during which they were all extremely seasick, they arrived in Boston to a tumultuous welcome. People lined the streets whenever he went out; they cheered him at the theatre, deluged him with messages of congratulation; they besieged the hotel. In Boston, Dickens formed warm friendships with a number of prominent Bostonians. Among them were the city’s mayor, Jonathan Chapman, several Harvard Professors, and the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-82). Dickens was fascinated by not only the Bostonians but also the city. He mentions University of Harvard as one of the sources of charm of Boston. The Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind made a deep impression on him. Dickens explains the institution by the description of Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-76), who is an philanthropist, an abolitionist, and a pioneer of measures to deal with blind and intellectually disabled person. The account which has been published by Dr. Howe, describes the rapid mental growth and improvement of Laura Bridgeman. Dickens’s impression about Boston seems to have a relationship to charity. At south Boston, several charitable institutions were clustered together. One of them, was the State Hospital for the insane; admirably conducted on those enlightened principles of conciliation and kindness. Dickens also mentions the transcendentalists, the group influenced by Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), his friend. Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern United States. Transcendentalism emphasizes subjective intuition over objective empiricism. Dickens seems to feel an affinity with the transcendentalists. In Lowell he discovered that the factory girls were not ashamed to produce their own magazine, to subscribe to a circulating library, to play the piano. It was what Dickens had thought of the United States with hope and admiration. However, Dickens increasingly began to feel that everything had been pulled down. The first rifts appeared when he referred publicly to the Question of International Copyright. He, and indeed many other English writers, felt bitterly about this. He seems to avoid referring to it strongly. In New York, Dickens points out the filth and the wretchedness of the Five Points. In Philadelphia, he thinks that the system of the prison called Eastern Penitentiary is rigid, strict, and hopeless solitary confinement. In Washington, the two odious practices of chewing tobacco and expectorating displeased him. In Baltimore, he felt ashamed of slavery. What has to be noticed that Dickens appreciates the great Temperance Convention led by Theobald Mathew and the neighborly love by the Unitarian church, while he does not like the ascetism of the shakers of the Shaker Village although he recognizes their sincerity and fairness of trade. From the perspective of the memoires of the cities, Dickens reveals not only the good sides but also the bad sides of the cities and shows the nature of ideal cities and ideal Christianity.

著者

谷山 智彦

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.14, pp.377-400, 2021-03-16

著者

橋内 武

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.14, pp.25-85, 2021-03-16

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After a struggle against revising the Leprosy Prevention Law(らい予防法)of 1953, a high school for young patients was founded at Aiseien Sanatorium, Nagashima Island, Setouchi City, Okayama Prefecture in September,1955. The school was named Niirada Branch, Oku High School(邑久高校新良田教室). It was officially managed by the Okayama educational authorities, staffed by the local teachers, and financially supported by the JapaneseGovernment.Students from all over Japan entered the school, boarding at Aiseien, andattending classes four periods a day for four years. Each class had up to 30students, with enrollment steadily declining. The high school branch closedin March, 1987, with a total of 307 graduates over 32 years. Now there remains a school monument at the site.Because the Leprosy Prevention Law regarded Hansen's disease patientsas the source of a 'terrible infectious disease', sanatorium authorities disinfected the patients' body and personal effects on their arrival at the lonesomeisland colony. The law enforced its isolation policy not only by sending themto the remote sanatorium but also by discriminating against them within thepremises, dividing the patient quarter from the non-patient quarter. The highschool classrooms were in the patient quarter.Most school teachers actually had a strong prejudice and discriminatedagainst the patient students. Being afraid of Hansen's disease infection, theteachers wore 'prevention gowns' to go to the classrooms. They taught their subjects always on the platform without coming down to the student level.There was clearly physical and psychological distance between teachers andstudents.On the other hand, the patient students were not allowed to enter theteachers' room in the non-patient quarter. In order to meet an individualteacher, a student had to ring the bell at the entrance several times likeMorse code. Then the teacher came out of their room to converse with thestudent. This was thought to be a form of prejudice and discriminationagainst such students. Thus they asked the head teacher to change the system. There were several debates between both camps. The bell system waseventually abandoned in 1973 so that the students could enter the teachers'space for consultation.Based on the above story, a movie entitled 'Listen to the Bell Ringing'(「ベルの音が聞こえる」)was made by a group of Okayama citizens underthe direction of YAMAMOTO Mamoru(山本守). They were all amateur actors who either auditioned or volunteered. After over a year of filming, theycompleted the production, and began showing the movie in Setouchi City inthe winter of 2020. The film is now expected to be shown at several leprosysanatoria and educational institutions all over Japan so as to enlighten thepeople about the basic human rights regarding prejudice and discriminationagainst the Hansen's disease patients and their families.

著者

深見 純生

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.175-208, 2019-02-28

著者

山本 順一

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.41-67, 2019-02-28

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So-called Japan Search Project that the author happened to look at in newspapersAugust in 2018 could be considered in this paper. The Japanese newspapershad written the national project guided by the Cabinet Office ofJapanese Government separate from worldwide digitalization and digital contentsmovement. This paper would introduce and discuss various digital libraryprograms and lots of related projects of the United States, essentiallyfocusing on the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress launched digitizationof possessed materials in the Billington Librarian period, includingAmerican Memory Project.On the other hand, Federal government libraries has organized, and managedFEDLINK that is one of the largest library network in the world.In recent years, the Library of Congress has collected born-digital materialas they are. And the Library has been wrestling with possessed andunpossessed materials digitization carried out by the third party with a littlemoney or without money. In addition to material digitization, the Library announces‘Recommended Formats Statement’ to the public in order to makecollected materials survive a long time.

著者

梅山 秀幸

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

人間文化研究 = Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University (ISSN:21889031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.41-65, 2017-11-27