著者

三本松 政之 関井 友子

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.88-97, 1994-12-01

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Political Correctness is a new vogue term in the U. S.. It rejects the traditions of the West and is used to refer to a correct ideological position on matters of race, gender, and sexual orientation. This paper is to describe characteristics of PC movement in the U. S.. PC movement is concerned with multiculturalism movement on campuses and a crisis in American higher education. We intend to make clear what is the PC movement, especially focussing on four aspects; language cleansing, cultural war, politicul struggle or empowerment and integrating nationalities.

著者

三本松 政之

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, pp.13-20, 1996-12-01

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The aim of this paper is to analyze of the unequal social treatment of minorities from the Multiculturalsim perspective. Multiculturalism is derived from ethnic, cultural assimilation. The concept is mainly related to ethnic minorities. It suggests the mechanism to exclude minorities and the perspective of social treatments for them. It has many positive aspects to change the position of the people in weakness. But also it is facing their limitations. We need to realize the strength of fragility to constract the new social principle of the majority and minorities.

著者

松嶋 淑恵

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.185-208, 2013-03-01

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The concept of Gender Identity Disorder has taken hold in Japan, allowing medical care and legal change of sex for people with Gender Dysphoria. However, there is a negative understanding that assumes having a gender identity that differs from one’s sex is a disorder. Individuals whose gender identity does not fit into a set category are also ignored. A solution based on medical model has little impact on gender dualism and gender norms and compels people who have a unique gender identity to adopt it. We investigated the impact of financial status, human relationships, and psychological problems based on quantitative approach that included various subjects with a unique gender identity. Results indicated that there were economic disparities similar to the male-female disparity for Mt and Ft and the male–male disparity for Mt and Mt. Subjects with a gender identity that was not generally recognized tended to be isolated in comparison to individuals with a typical GID. Anxiety about one’s transition led to inability to play the social role one wished more so than discontent with one’s physical transformation. Sustained efforts to tackle the problem posed by gender dualism, gender norms, and gender discrimination for the transgendered as well as the cisgendered must be made to create a society that includes people with Gender Dysphoria.性同一性障害概念ができたことにより性別違和をもつ人々に対する性別変更のための医療や制度が成されたが、性同一性障害は身体と異なる性自認をもつ事を疾患としてとらえる消極的な理解であるとともに、典型的な当事者にあてはまらない多様な当事者を不可視化している問題がある。また医学モデルに基づいた解決は、当事者を苦しめる男女二元論やジェンダー規範を揺るがさないまま当事者側だけが変化すべき対象であることを強いている。そこで、多様な当事者を対象に含め、量的調査法による実態調査を行い、特に経済状態の影響、他者との関係性、精神的問題について調査した。その結果、MtとFt間で男女間および男性間の経済格差が見られ、治療の機会不均等に影響していた。典型的性同一性障害像に比して認知度の低い性自認をもつ人は孤独に陥りやすかった。また、性別移行に関する不安は、身体変容が満たされないことよりも社会関係上で望む役割が果たせないことから生じることが明らかになった。性別違和をもつ人々が社会から排除されずに生きるためには、男女二元論やジェンダー規範、性差別といった非当事者にもかかわる問題に取り組み、社会が変化していくことが必要であると言える。

著者

高尾 浩幸

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.75-81, 2018-03-01

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This study deals with the Japanese consciousness, which externally influences Japanese.The Japanese consciousness has specific characteristics in comparison to the Western consciousness. Instead of the ego, the persona plays a central role in the Japanese consciousness. As Jung contends, the persona is the face displayed to the outside world. Why and how has the personal come to dominate the Japanese consciousness?This work draws on Japanese myths in the Kojiki, which explains the roots of the Japanese consciousness. “Island” is a symbol of the consciousness, so this work focuses on how land was created in Japanese myths.Japanese lands symbolize the birth of the Japanese consciousness. Based on the attitudes and behaviors of the heroic god Izanagi in the myths, land was created in the following process: (1) Gods in heaven offer advice on creating land, (2) The husband god and the wife god fill their respective roles, and (3) Impurity comes from the outside world, and shame arises. This process constitutes the Japanese consciousness and is still evident in the contemporary Japanese mindset.The Japanese Emperor is the direct descendant of the god Izanagi. According to the Japanese Constitution, the Japanese Emperor is the symbol of the Japanese people. The Imperial system has greatly influenced the Japanese mindset. By performing rituals and reading myths, Japanese people assume the Japanese consciousness. As a result, contemporary Japanese have a consciousness dominated by the persona.

著者

岡田 斉

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.37-45, 2013-03-01

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The purpose of the present study was to explore the frequency of pain in dreams. Three hundred and fifty-four undergraduates, ranging in age from 19 to 32 years, were surveyed using a 13-item questionnaire that asked about the frequency of pain in dreams and a 26-item questionnaire on the frequency of dream recall (Okada, 2000, 2001). Factor analysis of the pain experience indicated that pain in dreams fell into two categories - feeling pain congruent with one's state and not feeling pain congruent with one's state. Feeling pain correlated with the frequency of smell, taste, and touch in dreams, but not feeling pain did not.

著者

岡田 斉 萩谷 久美子 石原 俊一 谷口 清 中島 滋

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.87-96, 2009-03-01

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Many recent studies have suggested that deficits in dietary-based omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids may make an etiological contribution to mood disorders and that supplementation with omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids may provide a treatment strategy (Hagg, 2003; Parker, Gibson, Brotchie, Rees, & Handzi-Pavlovic, 2006; Vaddadi, 2006). However, a few studies did examine the relationship between daily food intake and mood disorders. Thus, we surveyed students with regard to these relationships. Two hundred and forty eight university students completed the SDS and eighty item food appetite survey. Results showed that low-depression group tended to favor fish and deep yellow vegetables more than the high-depression group. These results suggest that a preference for fish and deep yellow vegetables relates to depression. Antioxidative effects of these foodstuffs may facilitate antidepressive effects of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids.

著者

星野 晴彦

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, pp.77-87, 2019-03-01

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This paper discusses ethics as prerequisite for hospitality in order to consider the particular nature of hospitality in social work. And this paper compares the descriptions of self-determination in code of ethics of social workers in several countries.Results indicated that the ethics of justice(the Kantian school and utilitarianism), the ethics of care, and the ethics of virtue interact in the code of ethics of social work. The interaction of these factors presumably accounts for the particular nature of ethics in social work.本稿では、ソーシャルワークにおけるホスピタリティの特殊性を考えるために、その前提となる倫理について検討した。そしてソーシャルワークにおけるホスピタリティの特殊性を探ることを試みた。具体的には、自己決定に関する倫理綱領の記述を比較検討した。その結果、ソーシャルワークの倫理綱領には、正義の倫理(カント派、功利主義)、ケアの倫理、徳の倫理が相互に作用していることが示された。これらの相互作用がソーシャルワークの倫理の特殊性を構築しているものと考えられた。

著者

岡田 斉 松田 英子

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.81-90, 2014-03-01

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The present study sought to explore the frequency with which Japanese undergraduates experienced nightmares. One thousand four hundred and twenty-five female undergraduates, ranging in age from 18 to 28 years, were administered a 26-item questionnaire asking about the frequency of nightmares and a 26-item questionnaire on the frequency of dream recall (Okada, 2001, 2011). Results indicated that 4.6% of respondents reported experiencing nightmares once or twice a week, and this figure agrees with the findings of Levin and Nielsen (2007). Factor analysis of the questionnaire indicated that items on the frequency of dream recall fell into five categories: major perceptions, minor perceptions, positive emotions, negative emotions, and dream content. The frequency of nightmares was associated with both types of perceptions as well as negative emotions and negative dream content.

著者

上ノ原 秀晃

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, pp.45-59, 2019-03-01

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The 2017 House of Representatives Election was the fourth national-level election after the introduction of the Internet-based election campaigning in Japan. Some studies have indicated that this change in campaigning rules had some impact on voters' attitudes or behaviors while other studies have contended that it has not changed election results. This paper examined how candidates utilized social media, rather than its effect on voting behavior or electoral outcomes. This paper focused on the type of candidates who tended to use Twitter, the frequency of tweeting, and what candidates tweeted about; 42,854 tweets from 619 candidates over a 12-day period of campaigning were collected and analyzed using the text mining software KH coder. Results revealed that incumbent candidates, candidates in toss-up districts, and long-shot candidates were more likely to use Twitter than favored candidates and candidates in SMDs, while candidates in some opposition parties were more likely to tweet quite often. The computerized content analysis of candidates' tweets revealed that most candidates used Twitter to post information on their campaign activities while few tweets discussed policy issues. Candidates from some opposition parties, and especially those from the JCP(Kyôsantô), used RTs to communicate with their constituencies and they posted tweets to discuss policy issues. A trend analysis of hashtags has revealed a change in strategy for the JCP and other members of the opposition coalition and greater online prominence for two new parties—the Party of Hope(Kibô-no-Tô)and the CDP(Rikken Minshutô).2017年衆院選において候補者がどのようにソーシャルメディアを活用したのかに注目し、どのような候補者がツイッターの利用に積極的であったのか、どのような内容が投稿されたのかを分析した。619人の候補者の選挙期間中の投稿42,854件のツイートを収集し、テキスト分析を行った。利用の有無に対しては、現職と新人の差、選挙区と比例代表の違い、当選の見通しの違い、政党の違いが影響しているが、投稿量に対しては政党の違いのみが影響していることがわかった。投稿内容を分析すると、全体として告知や報告が中心で政策論争は低調であったが、一部の野党は政策論争やRTによるコミュニケーションに積極的であった。これらは概して諸外国と共通する傾向である。また、ハッシュタグのトレンドを分析したところ、選挙期間中の共産党の選挙戦略の変化や、2つの新党の党勢の推移も読み取れた。

著者

三本松 政之

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.13-20, 1996-12-01

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The aim of this paper is to analyze of the unequal social treatment of minorities from the Multiculturalsim perspective. Multiculturalism is derived from ethnic, cultural assimilation. The concept is mainly related to ethnic minorities. It suggests the mechanism to exclude minorities and the perspective of social treatments for them. It has many positive aspects to change the position of the people in weakness. But also it is facing their limitations. We need to realize the strength of fragility to constract the new social principle of the majority and minorities.

著者

高尾 浩幸

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.1-12, 2019-03-01

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This study deals with several topics related to the Persona psychology. The persona often characterizes the Japanese mindset.Here,"personification(adoption of a persona)" means the transition to a mental state in which the persona dominates the consciousness. Discussed here are several aspects of a persona, the meaning of work, how the world operates, money and wealth, habitual body movements, the danger of excessive adoption of a persona, obstacles to the adoption of a persona, transformation of a persona, the transformation of a persona, and mental typology."De-personification(discarding a persona)" means the transition to a mind state in which the ego occupies the center of the consciousness. Several topics are discussed, including desires, the conflict between desires and the persona, emotional experiences, physical experiences, the activity of the unconscious, and the impact of sightseeing.The topics covered and an examination of the Persona psychology should help to advance this new area of theoretical and applied psychology.

著者

浅野 正

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.137-144, 2012-03-01

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Education from the victim's veiwpoint is a corecctional measure used in Japanese prisons and juvenile training schools. What is discussed in this paper is how the educational program can effectively prevent re-offending and successfully encourage the psychological recovery of crime victims. The educational program could be improved in three ways. First, the intervention should equally focus on both the individual and his peers. Second, an understanding of individual victims shoud be emphasized rather than that of victims in general. Third, offenders should think about how they wish to specifically apologize to their victims, assuming taht they might meet those victims face-to-face in the future. Knowing what efforts offenders are making can help to improve the mental health of their victims.

著者

長屋 美穂子

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.58-69, 1984-12-01

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The purpose of this study is to research the condition of children's living at home.The report is based on the questionnaire to the children's parents of an elementary school in Saitama prefecture.The contents are as follows, 1. Diet life2. Time budget 3. TV Watching4. Private school5. Play6. Pocket money7. Habit of life 8. Health conditionIn this study it is found that it is necessary to improve living of children's parents so as to bring up children sound.

著者

菊池 幸子

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.91-97, 1986-12-01

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Lifelong education have payed interesting attention since Paul Lengrand had reported to Commitee of adult education in UNESCO in 1965.As the national educational policy, there have been twice reported on lifelong education by the Central Educational Council in Japan, too.The third report on lifelong integrated learning have been proposed by the National Council on Educational Reform April 23 in 1986.This report says that basic direction of educational system for the 21centry is to reform to lifelong learning system to solve many educational problems. It is the reason of written this report and its main contents are as follows;1. Lifelong education as the national educational policy in Japan.2. Move to lifelong integrated learning society to solve many educational problems.3. The adquate curriculum on each life stage.4. Cooperation with home, school and Community.

著者

角田 巖 綾 牧子

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.123-134, 2005-01-01

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The place of children in the society is historical, social, and cultural. Historically, children have grown up in surroundings such as their homes and schools; however, at thesame time, they have also been isolated from the community.The love of parents for their children gradually deepens; however, parents also begin to control their chil-dren.At present, children are protected because they are considered immature and weak; however, they are alsorespected as independent beings.This duality is integrated into the social framework since children are recognized as growing individuals.In the case of a child who commits a crime, the Juvenile Law attaches importance to his/her welfare and education because a child is a human being who has a future. On the other hand, there is a movement toward making punishments more severe and applying them to juvenile offenders at a younger age.Children are assigned a variety of dualities, but the significance of their place in society increases as aresult of the relative and symbiotic historical development between children and adults.

著者

今野 義孝 吉川 延代 会沢 信彦

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.123-131, 2015-03-01

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This study examined how self-esteem and assumed competence relate to bullying. Participants were 434 undergraduates (204 males, 230 females) . Participants recalled their experiences during junior high school as they completed a self-esteem scale and an assumed competence scale. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between the extent of bullying perpetrated and assumed competence for male participants and participants as a whole. In other words, bullies had a higher assumed competence score. Cluster analysis was performed using the standardized scores from the self-esteem scale and the assumed competence scale. Based on the results, participants were classified into five types: “Atrophy type” “Assumption type” “Self esteem type” “Omnipotent type.” and “Average type.” Bullies were often “Assumption type” and victim-bullies were often “Omnipotence type.” In contrast, “Self esteem type” participants experienced less bullying. These results were discussed in terms of self-esteem and assumed competence.本研究では、仮想的有能感と自尊感情が、いじめにどのように関係しているのかを検討した。調査協力者は、学生434名(男子204名、女子230)である。回答に当たっては、中学時代を思い出して、その当時のいじめについてと、その当時の自尊感情と仮想的有能感について答えた。いじめ被害の程度、いじめ加害の程度、仮想的有能感、および自尊感情の相関関係を検討した結果、いじめ被害の程度といじめ加害の程度との間には、全体と男子において有意な正の相関がみられた。仮想的有能感といじめ加害の程度との間には、全体と男子において有意な相関がみられた。仮想的有能感尺度得点と自尊感情尺度得点を用いて大規模クラスター分析を行った結果、調査協力者は「萎縮型」「仮想型」「自尊型」「全能型」「平均型」に分類された。「仮想型」には加害経験者が多いこと、「全能型」には加害・被害経験者が多いこと、「自尊型」にはいじめ経験者が少ないこと、「平均型」には傍観者が多いことなどが見られた。これらの結果は、仮想的有能感と自尊感情との関連において考察された。

著者

樋口 真弓

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.169-186, 2014-03-01

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This set of studies examined the association between mother-child relationships in early childhood and object relations in adolescence. Cognitive assessment of that association was done using a questionnaire, and projective assessment was done using mother-and-child drawings. In Study 1, quantitative data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise procedure). Results revealed that an ambivalent mother-child relationship in early childhood was associated with object relations in adolescence involving internal working models that mainly characterized one's relationship to others. In Study 2, interview data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Results revealed that a mother-child relationship characterized by ambivalent feelings towards one's mother was linked to avoidance or a lack of attachment. A strong mother-child relationship must be formed to satisfy a child's desire to be doted on and feel the warmth of physical touch. In addition, later attitudes towards personal relationships may be altered depending on one's current mother-child relationship or friendships. In addition, mother-and-child drawings were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed in accordance with the methods of Baba (2005). Results indicated that new interpretations provided deeper insight into a subject's inner world.

著者

浅野 正

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.141-148, 2014-03-01

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Previous research has indicated that emotionally abusive parenting, which includes neglect, rejection, hostility, anger, and psychological control, is associated with juvenile delinquency. Prevention programs are known to effectively reduce child abuse by enhancing the emotional relationship between parents and children and improving parents' ability to control their children. Since the Juvenile Training School Act was revised, new educational activities involving both juvenile delinquents and their parents have been conducted in juvenile training schools. This article explores how educational activities should be conducted to effectively reduce emotional abuse and prevent future reoffending. Programs to prevent child abuse are effective at reducing child abuse, so the skills they teach should be actively utilized in educational activities conducted by training school staff when dealing with abusive parents and abused juveniles.

著者

星野 晴彦

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.115-122, 2010-03-01

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When we look at the history of earlier social workers and the zeal of people who apply to the social work section of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers, we can feel the power with which they have improved themselves through devotion to people in difficult situations who need support. I believe this power derives from the following process centered on mission awareness. "Social workers devote themselves to their practice. When they have mission-awareness (i.e., when they consider not what they want to do, but what society needs them to do, and give it their own significance) they transcend thinking about themselves and reintegrate with the meaning of their own lives."In this paper, I examine the above process by surveying the literature. In particular, I discuss the significance of this mission-awareness and how it is formed in a social work practice. I put special emphasis on the significance of transcendence and reintegration.社会福祉の先人たちの足跡や、青年海外協力隊のソーシャルワーク部門に志願する人々の熱意を見ていると、苦難の状況にあって、支援を必要とする人々のために献身し、自分たちを高めていくパワーを感じさせられる。このパワーはソーシャルワークの地道な実践の継続を支えてきたと言えよう。筆者はこのパワーは、ミッション意識を中核とする次のようなプロセスにあるのではないかと考えている。「ソーシャルワーク実践に専心し、ソーシャルワーカー自身の中に、ミッション意識(自分たちがやりたいことでなく、社会から何を求められているのかを考え、自ら意味付けする)を抱くことで、自分へのこだわりを超越し、そして自分自身の生きる意味へと再統合していくプロセスである。」本稿は上記のプロセスに関して、文献研究により検討した。特に、このミッション意識の意義について、そして実践現場においてこのミッション意識がいかに形成されるのかについて論じていく。筆者はあえてこの「超越」と「再統合」の重要性を強調したい。

著者

高尾 浩幸

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.79-92, 2017-03-01

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This study deals with the rules of the world, which externally influence people, as a part of Japanese collective consciousness.Several aspects of these rules that this work will focus on are (1) the hierarchy of the old and the young, (2) the principle of mutual benefit, (3) honor as viewed by the world, (4) the elimination of impurity, (5) the character of authoritarianism, (6) duty and kindness, and (7) harmony and competition. This work will also study the psychological mechanisms of Japanese consciousness through the features of these rules.Each group that a person can join has its peculiar rules of how the world is. Knowing the rules of how the world is crucial. Once a person becomes aware of these rules, that person can decide which attitude to adopt, either to obey the rules or to change the rules themselves.