著者

皆川 鉄雄

出版者

日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.30-33, 2013-01-30

著者

山中 高光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.109-111, 2003 (Released:2008-04-21)

著者

坂野 靖行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.6, pp.187-189, 2007 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

6

著者

榊原 正幸 上原 誠一郎

出版者

日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.3-10, 2006-01-20

被引用文献数

3 1

---

The term asbestos is a generic designation given to six types of naturally occurring mineral fibers that are or have been used in commercial products. These fibers belong to two mineral groups: serpentines and amphiboles. The serpentine group contains a single asbestiform variety: chrysotile. The amphibole group contains five asbestiform amphibole varieties: anthophyllite, grunerite (amosite), riebeckite (crocidolite), tremolite and actinolite.<br>     These fibrous minerals share several properties which qualify them as asbestiform fibers. They are bundles of fibers which can be easily cleaved into thinner fibers. Several properties that make asbestos so versatile and cost effective are high tensile strength, chemical and thermal stability, high flexibility, and low electrical conductivity.<br>     Asbestos fibers have been used in a broad variety of industrial application; some 3000 applications such as roofing products, gaskets, and friction products. 80% of imported asbestos is used for cement products such as asbestos boards and slates which are used for building materials, 7% for friction materials, and less than 3% for asbestos textile. Nearly all of the asbestos produced worldwide is chrysotile. Historically, chrysotile has accounted for more than 90% of the world's asbestos production, and it presently accounts for over 99% of the world production. Two types of amphiboles, commonly designated as amosite and crocidolite are no longer mined. With the onset of the health issues concerning asbestos in the late 1960s and early 1970s, world production and consumption began to decline during the 1980s. Japan used approximately 6.7 million tons between 1974 and 2004. About 67% of this amount was used since 1930.<br>     The relationship between workplace exposure to airborne asbestos fibers and respiratory diseases is one of the most widely studied subjects of modern epidemiology. The research efforts resulted in significant consensus that asbestos fibers can be associated with diseases of asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Its carcinogenic nature, an overall lack of knowledge of minimum safe exposure levels, and the long latency for the development of lung cancer and mesothelioma are the main contributing factors to these controversies.

著者

松原 聰

出版者

日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.5, pp.261-267, 2002-09-30

被引用文献数

1

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According to the recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals by the subcommittee on zeolites of the Commission on new minerals and mineral names of IMA (1997), 83 species have been defined. After the recommended report, three new zeolites have been approved in the Commission up to the date. Though gmelinite-K was recorded in the zeolite report of 1997, it was formally approved in 1999. Here, all 85 spicies are summerized and the 41 species among them found in Japan are briefly reviewed.

著者

水上 知行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.87-96, 2001 (Released:2008-05-08)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 4

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The Sugashima ultramafic mass is one of the largest ultramafic bodies in the Mikabu belt, and is composed of a hornblende-poor part (Unit I) and a hornblende-rich part (Unit II). Unit I is a layered complex with laminar and convoluted structures probably formed as a crystal mush. Detailed petrographic studies reveal that orthopyroxene exists in almost all the rock types forming the igneous layering of Unit I: dunite, plagioclase wehrlite and olivine gabbro. Orthopyroxene crystals commonly occur adjacent to olivine crystals and locally show poikilitic textures enclosing olivine grains with rounded or irregular shapes, indicating their peritectic growth from a basaltic magma at a pressure lower than 0.9 GPa.

著者

谷口 宏充

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.97-109, 2000 (Released:2008-08-30)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

1

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In the past several decades a significant number of research papers has been appeared on the international journals of earth sciences that has referred to the viscous behavior of magmatic silicate melts. It is, obviously, the reflection of importance of viscosity on the magmatic process such as magma generation and volcanic eruption and of importance for the understanding of early history of the Earth. Contrary to the importance, the theoretical background of viscosity of a magmatic silicate melt has not been understood well. This review paper is concerned with the introduction to some basic knowledges and two representative theories on the viscosity of magmatic silicate melts. The first part deals with the definition, methods of viscosity measurement and the effects of parameters that govern the viscous behavior. The second part deals with the free volume theory, which was the early theoretical background for the understanding of viscous behavior of a liquid. This theory emphasizes the importance of free space in a magmatic silicate melt. The third part deals with the configurational entropy theory, which is the theory in much fashion in magma science. The characters of this theory are the combination of thermodynamic data with the viscosity, and the emphasis of the number of configurational state attainable in a magmatic silicate melt. This theory succeeded in the quantitative interpretation of the change of viscosity with temperature and chemical composition.

著者

工藤 康弘 大里 齊 西 文人

出版者

日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.138-141, 2003-05-30

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A session for structural sciences in mineralogy has been organized as the micro-symposia in the 50^th anniversary meeting of the Mineralogical Society of Japan, October 2-3, 2002, Osaka, Japan. Three invited and 19 contributed papers were presented in the three oral and one poster sessions. Three topics were presented in the invited talks: I. New structural concepts in mineralogy, II. Design of materials based on the correlation between crystal structure and properties, and III. Crystal structure of (Sr_<i>x</i>,Ca_1−<i>x</i>)₂SiO₄ (x=0∼1).

著者

榊原 正幸 上原 誠一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.3-10, 2006 (Released:2006-03-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The term asbestos is a generic designation given to six types of naturally occurring mineral fibers that are or have been used in commercial products. These fibers belong to two mineral groups: serpentines and amphiboles. The serpentine group contains a single asbestiform variety: chrysotile. The amphibole group contains five asbestiform amphibole varieties: anthophyllite, grunerite (amosite), riebeckite (crocidolite), tremolite and actinolite.     These fibrous minerals share several properties which qualify them as asbestiform fibers. They are bundles of fibers which can be easily cleaved into thinner fibers. Several properties that make asbestos so versatile and cost effective are high tensile strength, chemical and thermal stability, high flexibility, and low electrical conductivity.     Asbestos fibers have been used in a broad variety of industrial application; some 3000 applications such as roofing products, gaskets, and friction products. 80% of imported asbestos is used for cement products such as asbestos boards and slates which are used for building materials, 7% for friction materials, and less than 3% for asbestos textile. Nearly all of the asbestos produced worldwide is chrysotile. Historically, chrysotile has accounted for more than 90% of the world’s asbestos production, and it presently accounts for over 99% of the world production. Two types of amphiboles, commonly designated as amosite and crocidolite are no longer mined. With the onset of the health issues concerning asbestos in the late 1960s and early 1970s, world production and consumption began to decline during the 1980s. Japan used approximately 6.7 million tons between 1974 and 2004. About 67% of this amount was used since 1930.     The relationship between workplace exposure to airborne asbestos fibers and respiratory diseases is one of the most widely studied subjects of modern epidemiology. The research efforts resulted in significant consensus that asbestos fibers can be associated with diseases of asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Its carcinogenic nature, an overall lack of knowledge of minimum safe exposure levels, and the long latency for the development of lung cancer and mesothelioma are the main contributing factors to these controversies.