出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.308-310, 2014 (Released:2016-07-15)

著者

日野 智之

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.300-307, 2014 (Released:2016-07-15)

参考文献数

2

---

Temporary abandonment operations that led to the oil spill incident in Gulf of Mexico were analyzed focusing on temporary abandonment procedures and actual operations from the negative pressure test to blowout occurrence. Temporary abandonment plan went through remarkable transitions from original plan to actual plan. Especially cement in shoe track was the only active barrier when negative pressure test was conducted under considerable different risk factors associated with cement job. The plan was changed to efficiently perform temporary abandonment operations since there were delay of the process and cost increase. In this circumstance, the negative pressure test was done and all members on site believed that cement barrier has been successfully tested regardless of presence of strange pressure behavior due to overreliance on leader's judgment. During displacement SOBM (Synthetic Oil Base Mud) with sea water in marine riser, blowout occurred. Although there was a lot of opportunity to detect the kick during this operation, nobody could stop operation until gas came in marine riser.

著者

武井 友也

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.6, pp.541-547, 1986 (Released:2008-03-27)

著者

中島 敬史

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.275-282, 2015

---

<p>This is a review of recent published papers regarding the theory of abiogenic origin of petroleum such as Kutcherov and Krayushkin (2010) "Deep-seated abiogenic origin of petroleum." It discusses the overview of the theory and its credibility with various geological evidences, such as the presence of liquid oil and hydrocarbon gas in primary fluid inclusions in mantle derived rocks, existence of 496 basement oil and gas fields in 29 countries, and oil discoveries at ultra-deep hot temperature reservoirs.</p><p>Experimental abiogenic hydrocarbon generation by CaCO₃-FeO-H₂O system at upper mantle ultra-high pressure condition has once been proven by several Russian and Ukrainian academic teams, such as Kenny <i>et al</i>. (2002). And its credibility was reconfirmed by several American academic teams such as Scott <i>et al</i>. (2004) during the last decade.</p><p>The theory has already been applied to actual oil exploration. The Ukrainian Academy of Science achieved an extremely high success ratio of 57% through actual oil exploration with the abiogenic theory by 1990's. The exploration area in Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine, had been disqualified as a prospect for a long time, due to the absence of source rocks. However, over 50 oil and gas fields have been discovered in Precambrian crystalline basement rocks and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the area so far.</p><p>Practical applications of the abiogenic theory in explorations like the case of the Ukrinian Academy of Science are seldom performed in the world. However, the author sees that the said theory will soon be cognized as a highly effective exploration guide among oil exploration geologists.</p>

著者

中島 敬史

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.275-282, 2015-07

著者

栗原 正典

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.6, pp.469-481, 2013 (Released:2015-04-03)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

---

Unconventional oil and gas attract attention as next generation energy, because of their vast amount of resources. A part of the unconventional oil and gas has been already produced on a commercial scale, while the development of some of them is still in the stage of research. This paper first reviews the methodologies for producing unconventional oil and gas, which are already utilized on a commercial basis or are considered to be promising in the research stage. It is, then, introduced how the existing production methods are being improved/modified to increase the productivity of unconventional oil and gas.In the development of heavy oil/extra heavy oil/bitumen, advanced production methods including the combination of steam and solvent injection as well as the in-situ upgrading are investigated besides conventional steam injection and in-situ combustion. In the shale gas/oil exploitation, it is well-known that the improvement and integration of horizontal well, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing and micro-seismic technologies have made it possible to dramatically increase the production rate. However, the area of high productivity, which is called a ‘sweet spot,’ is confined to small parts of a formation. Toward the identification of this sweet spot, there is a variety of research work conducted, including the examination of the effects of reservoir properties such as natural fracture permeability, matrix permeability and hydraulic fracture length on gas/oil production, and the investigation of the fluid flow mechanism through micro organic pores. The research work for the development of methane hydrate has started recently. Although the superiority of the depressurization method over other methods such as thermal methods has been revealed, the recovery of methane by depressurization is expected to be not more than 50-60%. The methodologies that can be applied in conjunction with and/or after depressurization are being pursued.

著者

佐々 保雄

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.28-33, 1955-03-30 (Released:2008-03-27)

---

Two examples of oil seeps were found in 1954 in serpentine rocks of Hokkaido. These are the first occurrences discovered in such kind of rocks, although many showings had been previously found in areas of eruptive rocks in Japan. One of these seeps is located in a tributary of the Utonai river, Nakagawa village, Teshio province of northern central Hokkaido and the other is in the Mukawa river, Hobetsu village, Iburi province of the southern central Hokkaido. This paper describes its unusual type of oil seep and the related geology of the Utonai and the rare type of oil at the seep is also discussed. The crude oil is from fissure in serpentine. It is colorless, transparent and clear in appearance with a gasoline like smell and is probably natural gasoline. It is very light in specific gravity measuring 0.7707 at a temperature of 15.4°C. Its viscosity is also low which is 1.190 centipoise at a temperature of 30.0°C. and very gradually increases with increases in temperature. The behavior of the crude oil upon distillation is unusual. That is, it has a initial boiling point at 62.0°C. and is 98% of oil distilled out at a temperature of 246.0°C.The author concludes that the oil in the serpentine mass migrated from the surrounding Cretaceous oilbearing marine deposits after the serpentine intrusion into the Cretaceous. The characteristic properties of the crude oil developed by natural cracking resulting from residual heat in the igneous body. Decolorization caused by passing through clay within the serpentine as the oil moved up to the surface.The economical impotance of this field is still unknown but this occurrence suggests that more attention should be paid to the oil possibilities of the Cretaceous formations of the surounding region.

著者

佐々 保雄

出版者

The Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.92-100, 1955

---

A new submarine research chamber named "Kuroshio" which belongs to the University of Hokkaido was built in 1951 for the purpose of studying oceanography, biology and fishery visually at the undersea. It was planned and designed by Prof. N. Inoue (Hokkaido University) and R. Oaki (International Marine Engineering Co.), under the guidance of Prof. U. Nakaya (Hokkaido University), with the help of Dr. T. Sasaki (Scientific Research Institute). Most parts of it were constructed by the Tsurumi shipyard (Nippon Steel Tube Co.) and accessories such as window glasses, underwater lightings, guages and instruments were provided by several makers.<br>The "Kuroshio" is 3.15m. in height (to the top of the hatch cover), 3.70m, in length (from the tip of wooden bearer to the end of the direction stabilizer fins) and 1.48m, of outside diameter of the observation chamber, with total weight of almost 5, 000kg, with accessories. It has one main observasion window with controlable reflector, one seabottom observation window and three side and rear windows Lighting equipments are well prepared for submarine observation and for photographying. It is hung down from a mother ship by suspending wire and electric cables for light and telephone will serve as second hunging wire when necessary.<br>Tow or three persons are able to work in the chamber operating instruments, making scientific observations and taking photographs from the window. They always communicate by telephone with the bridge of the mother boat, talking everythings what they saw, what it happened and giving orders to each other. The endurance of staying at the undersea is about 10 hours for 2 persons aided by the oxygen feeder and CO2 absorbing unit. Its safe diving depth is 200m, below sea surface as it is designed to make surveying on the continental shelf, although it is durable under the pressure of 400m, sea depth. The suspended "Kuroshio" is usually slowly propelled by the drifting or slowly moving of mother ship and able to stand still at the sea bottom when the mother ship is anchored.<br>Important scientific results were obtained by the "Kuroshio" since 1951 at various areas around the Japanese islands. Among biological works, observations on "marine snow" (snow flake like suspending aggregates of disintegrating corpses of planktonic micro-organisms) were well done and habitats of many kinds of bottom fishes and benthonic animals, burrows and piles of them were fully recorded. In the field of fishery, behaviers of trawl net fish traps and plankton net under operation, nature of fish culture bed and effects of light for fishing were investigated, while optical and sonologic studies in the undersea and turbid water observation were made in physical oceanography.<br>The present author tried to operate the "Kuroshio" for submarine geological surveying since 1953 and found it to be a very useful tool for the purpose. In the Ishikari Bay of Hokkaido, several types of ripple marks under formation and some mode of occurrence of marine shells were seen at the sea bottom, suggesting us its usefulness on studying marine sedimentation. In the Tsugaru Strait between Honsho and Hokkaido, where a project of railroad tunnel driving is now under planning by the Japanese Government Railway, kinds of rocks and every geological formations exposed on the seafloor were fully identified by naked eye from the window. And it lead us to believe that it will be possible to draw geological route map of the seafloor by continuos, linear observation on the "Kuroshio" by slow moving and even making geological map when routes are effectively selected. This submarine geological work will be done more efficientry in cooperation with bottom rock sampling by dredging method.

著者

東 垣

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.4, pp.341-349, 2011 (Released:2014-01-18)

---

D/V Chikyu is the largest scientific drilling vessel in the world. Her riser drilling capability permits us to drill in water depths of 2,500 m deep, and then down through 7,000 m of crust below the seafloor. The mission for D/V Chikyu is to help achieve the scientific goals of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). One of her key features, therefore, is the onboard coring and laboratory capability ; she can collect continuous core samples as needed, examine the samples aboard as soon as possible, and preserve cores samples as required. D/V Chikyu has an advanced ship engineering capability to install a borehole monitoring equipment as well as for riser operations, even under a strong Kuroshio Current (maximum of 6 knots). Currently being recruited for cutting-edge scientific proposals, D/V Chikyu is looking to be operated in the waters such as Atlantic as well as Mediterranean Sea and also ultra deep drilling to the oceanic mantle, through the Mohorovicic Discontinuity after completing the Nankai Seismogenic Zone drilling project. Of course she has strong interest on basic science in related to gas hydrates, deep-water bio-CCS, and hydrothermal mineralization. Although many technological and engineering challenges are needed to overcome the difficulties involved in these future drilling projects, D/V Chikyu, is ready to sail and lead scientific ocean drilling over the next 10 years with broad collaboration with the industry community.

著者

横倉 浩三 小林 正典 佐尾 邦久 中川 寛之 神田 雅光 川瀬 雅樹 島村 好秀

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.235-242, 1992 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

8

---

An optimization program for single point mooring floating production systems, which are currently employed for marginal offshore oil field, was developed. This program is applicable for typical six kinds of single point mooring systems, i.e., CALM-Yoke type, Turret Mooring type, SALM hawser type, Articulated Column-Yoke type, SALS type, and Tower Soft Yoke type.Type program contains detail analysis programs and simplified optimization program. The detail analysis programs are developed based on the up-to-data theory and are capable of performing dynamic and static analysis of mooring system and flexible riser, vibration and fatigue analysis of mooring chain, downtime analysis of floating production system and other analysis. These functions were verified by using model test results and full-scale test results. Some results are presented.The simplified optimization program was developed for preliminary evaluation of mooring system for a specific oil field. Using the detail analysis programs, a series of calculation was carried out and the results were compiled as built-in database, which contributes to shor-ter calculation time. By using this program, the optimized dimensions of mooring system will be derived from the input of water depth, environmental data, and storage capacity.

著者

柳川 勝紀 松本 良 鈴木 庸平

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.5, pp.374-383, 2012 (Released:2014-03-29)

参考文献数

65

---

Methane is one of the major end products from photosynthetic organic matter. Based on stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane, biological pathways mainly consisting of carbon dioxide reduction coupled to molecular hydrogen oxidation and acetate fermentation and abiological pathways such as thermal degradation of organic matter have been systematically classified. However, recent advances in subseafloor biosphere research have unveiled the complexity of processes involved in the transformation, migration and fate of methane. Particularly, it has been recognized that marine sediments with high flux of methane harbor novel lineages of microorganisms, the physiological traits of which are largely unknown due to their resistance to cultivation. In this review article, microbiological investigations that shed light on DNA-based microbial community structures and metabolic diversity and activity related to methane production and consumption in organic-rich marine sediments are briefly summarized.

著者

伊藤 康人

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.48-57, 2000 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

6 10

---

Late Cenozoic tectonic history around the southern part of the Japan Sea and Kyushu is reconstructed on the basis of offshore reflection seismic survey and borehole stratigraphy together with geologic information on land. Three tectonic episodes are identified in the study area as follows;(1) Paleomagnetic data suggest that western half of the Japan Sea was generated through Early to Middle Miocene rifting and clockwise rotation of southwest Japan. Seismic profiles around the southern margin of the Japan Sea show extensional grabens filled with late Early Miocene sediments. Coeval deformation in the Fukue Basin off northwestern Kyushu, which is located around rotation pivot of the rifted sliver of southwest Japan, is characterized by right-lateral leaky wrenching along a NNE-SSW structural trend.(2) Southern margin of the Japan Sea suffered extensive inversion around the end of Miocene, probably caused by resumption of subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. ENE-WSW trending folds (San'in Folded Zone) converge into Tsushima Island at the western end of southwest Japan. Shortening of the southern part of the Japan Sea was accommodated by left-lateral movement along the Tsushima-Goto Fault on the western margin of the back-arc basin. In a sharp contrast, Goto-nada and Amakusa-nada Seas, and central Kyushu began to subside with many extensional features in the same period, which may be linked to mantle upwelling.(3) In Quaternary, study area is divided into three tectonic domains: Inner Zone of southwest Japan is characterized by simple shear deformation caused by right-lateral movements on the Median Tectonic Line (MTL). Southern part of the Japan Sea is undulated under E-W compressive stress. Central Kyushu continued to subside alternatively controlled by pull-apart basin formation on the MTL and mantle upwelling.

著者

金子 信行 前川 竜男 猪狩 俊一郎

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.97-110, 2002 (Released:2015-06-05)

参考文献数

76

被引用文献数

6 21

---

Generation of &quot;bacterial&quot; methane by Archaea and its accumulation mechanism into interstitial water in early diagenesis were investigated by a mass balance calculation for observed isotopic compositions and geological evolution through aggradation from bathyal sediments for several hydropressured (so-called &quot;dissolved-in-water type&quot;) natural gas fields in Japan. Hydrogen isotopic ratios of methane from the Minami-Kanto and Niigata gas fields reveal that CO2-reduction was the main reaction of the methane formation, and its carbon isotopic ratios show a concentration between -67 and -66%_0 relative to PDB. Model calculation in a semi-closed system based on coexisting carbon isotopic compositions of methane and dissolved inorganic carbon for the Minami-Kanto gas field reveals the considerable contribution of carbonate minerals to both compositions. For example, if CO2 had been supplied only from organic matter, the efficiency of methane generation would have been as low as 40%. Whereas, if methane generation rate had been equal to the input rate of CO2 from organic matter, the dissolution and precipitation of carbonate minerals and/or isotope exchange reaction between dissolved inorganic carbon and carbonate minerals should have occurred about nine times faster than methane generation. From a geological standpoint, it is inferred that the existence of thick marine argillaceous sediments rich in terrigenous organic matter and carbonate minerals was important for the generation of archaeal methane and adsorption of iodine. Accumulation of methane and iodine into interstitial water must have been promoted when interacting solid/liquid ratio of sediments was increased by the burial suppression of interstitial water caused by basin subsidence, sedimentation of sandstone, recovery of abnormal compaction and/or dehydration of clay minerals and other causes. Interstitial water dissolving methane and iodine in thick marine argillaceous rocks was removed to the upper sand/silt or mud interbeds, which had higher sedimentation rates, with the compaction and burial of solid sediments.

著者

続木 直英 茶木 一寿 山村 正美

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.254-262, 1991 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

---

The conventional fluorescence reaction by UV light is a very popular and simple method for oil show detection of cuttings or core samples at oil field. This method is, however, unreliable because of detection with naked eye and it is impossible to distinguish between crude oil and mud materials, especially derived from petroleum products having strong fluorescence.In this report, a new synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for making a discrimination between crude oils and the mud materials is described.Although synchronous fluorescence spectra of the mud materials are similar to those of crude oils, it is possible to distinguish clearly between the mud materials and crude oils having density more than 0.8g/cm3 by comparing fluorescence strengths of monoaromatic (MA), diaromatic (DA) and triaromatic (TA) compounds in the spectra.The crude oils investigated have relatively high TA/DA and low MA/DA ratios, whereas the mud materials have high MA/DA and low TA/DA. When the data are plotted, with TA/DA as ordinate and MA/DA as abscissa, the location of the plot indicates whether the sample is crude oil or the mud materials.This method can be applied to oil show detection of core samples as the more reliable method than the fluorescence reaction method.

著者

小西 啓介

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.5, pp.240-244, 1965-09-30 (Released:2008-03-27)

被引用文献数

1

著者

加藤 正和訳

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.136-145, 1965-05-30 (Released:2008-03-27)

参考文献数

40

著者

中林 健一

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.6, pp.534-543, 1991 (Released:2008-03-27)

被引用文献数

1

著者

金原 均二 石和田 靖章

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.83-86, 1950-03-30 (Released:2008-03-27)

著者

中島 敬史

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.132-141, 2005 (Released:2007-06-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

---

A future pipeline project that will transport crude oils from East Siberian fields to Nakhodka, shipping port along the coast of the Japan Sea, is under discussion and gradually revealing its main framework. One of the major concerns is if significant potential of petroleum is expected in the East Siberian region. In this paper, the total of the original oil resources in the region is estimated ranging from 18.9BBO (billion barrel of crude oil) to 67.2BBO.The Siberian platform is consisted of largely uplifted Archean crystalline basement and the overlaid sediments consisted of the Proterozoic and the Lowest Paleozoic formations. Most of the known oil reserves (85%) in the East Siberian region concentrate on the crest of the highest basement uplift on the two arch structures ; Baykit and Nepa-Botuoba. Petroleum source rocks are not concluded yet. Although the Riphean is expected to contain source rocks, it is entirely absent on the most prolific Nepa-Botuoba Arch area. Moreover, most fields have extremely high helium content (ranging 0.2-0.6 percent) with hydrocarbon gases. Based on several unique characteristics of oil and gas fields on the Nepa-Botuoba Arch, the author proposes in this paper that the theory of abiogenic origin can not be ignored ; hydrocarbons associated with helium gases may have migrated upward through the fractures from the depth of the earth.Upon completion of the pipeline linking the supply area (East Siberia) to the market in the Pacific region, oil exploration activities will be accelerated in the East Siberian region. Subsequently, the additional oils derived from the new discoveries in the East Siberian region will fulfill the new pipeline.

著者

内藤 健一

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.142-148, 2005 (Released:2007-06-01)

参考文献数

1

---

The ACG Oil Field is situated offshore Azerbaijan, about 100-140 kilometers ESE of Baku, in water depth between 150 and 450 meters.The ACG megastructure is comprised of three culminations, namely the Deep Water Gunashli, Chirag and Azeri field. On 12 December 1994, the Azeri Government awarded the Production Sharing Agreement (“PSA”) to the Azerbaijan International Operating Company (“AIOC”). AIOC consists of nine international oil companies, including ITOCHU. The ACG PSA is for a period of thirty years and will expire in December, 2024.The ACG area is estimated to contain in excess of 5 billion barrels of recoverable reserves. The first production from Chirag platform started in November 1997. The start-up of production in Central Azeri, East and West Azeri and Deep Water Gunashli will be phased in from the beginning of Q1 2005 to 2008 across 4 producing platforms, 3 in Azeri (Phase 1 and Phase 2), and 1 in Deep Water Gunashli (Phase 3).The structure of the giant ACG Oil Field is a WNW to ESE trending, steep-dipping thrusted anticline. The main ACG reservoir is composed of Pliocene large river dominated lacustrine delta sandstone named as Pereriv and Balakhany sandstones.Currently, AIOC has drilled 18 wells on the Chirag 1 platform, of which 14 are producing wells and 4 are water injection wells. The production from the Pereriv sandstone is over 140,000 b/d crude oil.Phase 1 and 2 developments have been in the execution stages since September 2001 and September 2002, respectively. Phase 3 development starts in September 2004 and the total ACG field peak production rate is expected to exceed 1 million barrels a day. One of the export routes for such production will be the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (“BTC”) pipeline that is 1,768 kilometers in length and will be completed in early 2005.