著者

西嶋 春幸 定村 和佳 川村 洋介 中川 勝文

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.17-00192-17-00192, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

13

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Recently, the refrigeration air conditioner and heat pump system using the two-phase flow ejector is beginning to appear, as the efficiency of the ejector cycle is improved largely in comparison with the conventional system. Shock and expansion waves can occur in the internal flow fields of the ejector, and the effect of the pressure fluctuation by those waves must be considered on the designs of the ejector. In this study, the pressure fluctuation of the shock wave appeared at the outlet of the two-phase flow nozzle are measured in the HFO1234yf refrigeration cycle. It was clarified by experiment that the amplification frequency components of pressure fluctuations are increased with the strength of the shock waves and the attenuation frequency components are increased with increase of liquid void fraction of downstream shock waves.

著者

太田 高裕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.17-00153-17-00153, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3

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Shot peening is widely applied in the automotive and aerospace industries in order to improve the fatigue strength of the metal components by compressive residual stress. In the case of large components, the peening process is generally performed by moving peening equipment that follows a trajectory on the component surface by means of a robot. In order to construct a robot program for the shot peening of complex components, this study aimed to obtain a functional approximation of the impact pressure distribution in the shot stream. The impact pressure distributions were measured with pressure measurement films (Prescale) and a pressure distribution mapping system. The dependence of the mean impact pressure in the shot stream on the shot mass was in good agreement with the dependence of the arc height of the Almen strip on the shot mass. The impact pressure distributions using various shot masses and standoff distances were measured and approximated by modified Gaussian distribution functions, which included the saturation curve. Three coefficients in the modified Gaussian distribution functions depended on the shot mass and the standoff distance. The modified Gaussian distribution functions were used to determine the impact pressure distributions of a twice-shot peened samples. These calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental results. However, for tilted shot peening, the impact pressure distributions were more complex because the standoff distance at each position on the film was different. The impact pressure distributions of the tilted conditions calculated by the modified Gaussian distribution function, which considered the variation in the standoff distance, were in good agreement with the experimental results for a tilt angle ranging from 30° to 90°.

著者

武末 翔吾 岩前 翔太 亀山 雄高 小茂鳥 潤 深沢 剣吾 三阪 佳孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.17-00151-17-00151, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

19

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To improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of grade S45C carbon steel, we formed a Cr / Ni diffusion layer on the surface of carbon steel by atmospheric-controlled induction heating fine particle peening (AIH-FPP) treatment. Cr and Ni particles were mechanically milled in planetary ball mills and used as shot particles in the AIH-FPP treatment to create a Cr / Ni diffusion layer. High temperature oxidation tests were carried out at 900°C for 100 hours to evaluate the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the AIH-FPP treated specimen. The mechanically milled particles and specimen were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and an X-ray diffractometer. Results show that the AIH-FPP treated specimen prepared using mechanically milled particles formed a Cr / Ni diffusion layer on the carbon steel. The carbon steel sample with the Cr / Ni diffusion layer exhibited improved high-temperature oxidation resistance compared to the untreated sample. This is due to the formation of Cr and Ni oxidized layers on the treated surface, which inhibited oxidation of the inner substrate. The results indicate that a Cr / Ni diffusion layer formed by AIH-FPP treatment using mechanically milled particles can improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of grade S45C carbon steel.

著者

定森 友也 高橋 宏治 古池 仁暢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.17-00096-17-00096, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, the effect of shot peening on rolling contact fatigue life of bearing steel was investigated under contaminated lubrication. Shot peening was carried out on bearing steel SUJ2 specimens. Peened specimens were polished to remove the dimples generated by shot peening. The distribution of Vickers hardness and residual stress of the specimens were measured before and after the shot peening. The resistance to indentations was compared by examining the profile of the Vickers indentations. Then, rolling contact fatigue tests were carried out under contaminated lubrication. The material hardness was improved up to about 100 HV on the surface to a depth of 300 μm, and compressive residual stress was generated up to 1546 MPa at a depth of 25 μm due to the shot peening. In addition to the width and the depth of the Vickers indentation, the ridge height which causes the stress concentration around the indentation, was reduced by 17% by the shot peening. The rolling contact fatigue life associated with a 50% reliability (L50) was improved 62 % by the shot peening. However, the improvement of rolling contact fatigue life associated with a 90% reliability (L10) was only 26 % because of the increase in dispersion of the fatigue lives due to surface cracks created by the shot peening. Based on the present result, the increase of surface hardness and generating the large compressive residual stress near the surface by shot peening was found to be effective in increasing the rolling contact fatigue life in contaminated lubrication.

著者

野田 尚昭 赤木 大地 沈 雨濃 高木 怜 池田 朋弘 佐野 義一 高瀬 康

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.17-00034-17-00034, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

25

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High-speed tensile testing is now being recognized as a standard testing method for evaluating the impact strength of engineering materials. The impact speeds of Izod and Charpy tests cannot be controlled and therefore do not correspond to the real failure of real products. The brittle-ductile transition of structural materials is affected by the temperature and loading speed. In the high-speed tensile test, it is necessary to obtain the strain rate at the notch root accurately to understand the effect of impact load. For smooth specimens, the strain rate can be determined from the tensile speed u/t and specimen length l as εsmooth = u/tl. For notched specimens, however, the strain rate at the notch root εnotch should be analyzed accurately. In this study, therefore, the strain rate concentration factor defined as Ktε = εnotch/εsmooth is studied with varying the notch geometry. To predict the strain rate concentration factor Ktε accurately, the relationship between Ktε and the stress concentration factor Kt* = σmax/σgross is investigated. Here, σgross is the remote tensile stress and P is the tensile load. It is found that the strain concentration factor Ktε can be estimeted from stress concentration factor Kt* when the relative notch depth 2t/D≦0.5 (t : notch depth, D : the specimen diameter).

著者

福岡 俊道 野村 昌孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.17-00018-17-00018, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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Titanium and titanium alloys have a lot of excellent characteristics when used for the parts and components of machines and structures. As for bolted joints, however, they are used only for some limited cases because of the high cost. Their specific characteristics, e.g., low weight and high resistance to corrosion, are highly attractive from the engineering point of view. In this paper, thermal contact coefficients at the interface composed of titanium and titanium alloys are measured, and the empirical equations for evaluating the coefficients are derived in the same form proposed in the previous papers. Then, heating experiments of bolted joints, tightened by titanium bolts, are conducted to examine how the bolt preloads vary when subjected to thermal loads, and the bolt preload variations are compared to the case tightened by carbon steel bolts. In the next place, aiming at a broader use of titanium and titanium alloy bolts, numerical analyses are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of those bolts by incorporating the foregoing thermal contact coefficients into the finite element formulation. The numerical results are favorably in good agreement with the experimental ones, and they suggest that threaded fasteners made of titanium alloys can be favorably applied to the joints whose clamping forces are likely to decrease when subjected to thermal loads.

著者

須賀 一彦 Timothy J. CRAFT Hector IACOVIDES

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 B編 (ISSN:03875016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.711, pp.2725-2733, 2005-11-25 (Released:2011-03-03)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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This paper reports the development of a refined wall-function strategy for the modelling of turbulent flows over smooth and rough surfaces. In order to include the effects of fine-grain surface roughness, the present study extends a more fundamental work on the development of advanced wall functions of general applicability. The presently proposed model is validated through comparisons with data available for internal flows through channels, pipes and for external flows over flat plates with both smooth and rough surfaces. Then, its further validation in separating flows over a sand dune and a sand-roughened ramp as well as a smooth ramp is discussed. The validation results suggest that the presently proposed form is successfully applicable to a wide range of attached and separated turbulent flows over smooth and fine-grain rough surfaces.

著者

世木 選 新井 智貴 福島 槙一郎 細井 厚志 藤田 雄三 武田 一朗 川田 宏之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.16-00571-16-00571, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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Fatigue properties of the thick carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates with toughened interlaminar layers in the out-of-plane direction (Z direction) and in the in-plane transverse direction (T direction) were evaluated experimentally. Spool specimens were machined from the thick mother plates which were laminated prepregs of T800S/3900-2B unidirectionally. The specimens were attached to metal tabs to apply loads in the thickness direction of the specimen. The tensile strengths in Z and T direction were measured by static tensile tests and S-N curves were obtained by fatigue tests at a stress ratio of R=0.1. As the results, the tensile strength in Z direction was 24% lower than that in T direction. Fatigue strength in Z direction at 106 cycles was also 25% lower than that in T direction. It was observed using a digital microscope that the fracture occurred in intralaminar layers in both static tensile tests and fatigue tests in Z direction. The thermal residual stress which was generated during the fabrication process and the stress distribution by mechanical loadings in spool specimens were calculated by finite element analysis. The calculated results showed that compressive residual stress applied in intralaminar layers in T direction by restraining the thermal deformation. It is found that the static tensile and fatigue properties in Z direction were almost the same as those in T direction by evaluating with the stresses applied in the nearest intralaminar layer to the minimum cross-section in the spool specimen.

著者

北田 明夫 角 大詩 福本 智志 西崎 信 赤司 裕 守屋 登康

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.16-00501-16-00501, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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This paper presents experimental, analytical and numerical study of impact perforation of steel plates with the aim to develop the procedures to assess the perforation of steel against tornado-generated missile impact. In the experiment, flat plates of SS400 steel and SUS304 stainless steel were perforated by a square pipe with cross section 200 x 300. Projectile mass and impact velocity were kept constant, namely, approximately 1300 kg and 17 m/s. Perforation limit thickness of SS400 and SUS304 flat plate was determined to be 9 mm and 6 mm, respectively. BRL formula was used for the analytical study, and equivalent diameter of square pipe for BRL formula was defined based on the experimental data. Numerical simulations of some experiments were also carried out and the effect of thermal softening and stress triaxiality on failure strain have to be taken into account in the material model in order to reproduce the experimental results.

著者

池田 朋弘 梅谷 拓郎 甲斐 信博 大城 桂作 赤木 大地 野田 尚昭 佐野 義一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.16-00455-16-00455, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

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In this study, the notch strength σBnotch was investigated for high silicon solid solution strengthened ferritic ductile cast iron in comparison with the tensile strength σBsmooth. High speed tensile tests were conducted on notched and smooth specimens at various strain rate and temperatures. The strain rate-temperature parameter (R parameter) is found to be useful for evaluating the temperature and strain rate upon the notch strength. The required range of R parameter was investigated for welded structural members in several industrial fields. The notch strength σBnotch is always larger than the tensile strength at room temperature σB,smoothRT in the range of R parameter required for the welded structures. Therefore, tensile strength σB,smoothRT is confirmed to be more useful than Charpy absorbed energy for the structural design. It is expected that the high Si ductile cast iron has wide industrial application potentiality.

著者

吉田 和司 三山 敏史 改井 瑞樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.850, pp.16-00564-16-00564, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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In order to clarify the reason that the multi-feeding is harder to occur in an overlap-type sheet separation mechanism than in a pressing-type, we examined the behaviors of the paper sheet in the both sheet separation mechanisms. The apparatus that handle paper sheets, such as copy machines, printers, and ATMs, are widely used in these days. These apparatus are equipped with sheet separation mechanism to make paper sheet separate one by one. The sheet separation mechanisms are classified roughly into two groups, one is a pressing-type and the other is an overlap-type. The pressing-type separation mechanism is widely used in copy machines, printers, and facsimile, because it is simple and low cost, however, its reliability is relative low because a multi-feeding is easily to occur. On the other hand, the overlap-type separation mechanism is used in apparatus that high reliability is required such as ATMs although the mechanism is complex and high cost, because a multi-feeding is hard to occur in this mechanism. However, the reason why the multi-feeding is hard to occur in the overlap-type sheet separation mechanism has not been clarified. First, we introduced the model and formulation that can calculate the resistance force and feed force acting on the paper sheets in the overlap-type mechanism. And, based on the calculation results of the resistance force and friction force between the paper sheets, we examined the behavior of the paper sheet. As a result, we found that, in the overlap-type sheet separation mechanism, when the piled paper sheets move between the feed-roller and the gate roller, a slippage caused by the resistance force that is proportional to the number of the piled sheet occurs between the piled paper sheet, and this slippage is the factor that is superior to the pressing-type sheet separation mechanism.

著者

井上 友貴 中本 圭一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.850, pp.16-00574-16-00574, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

10

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Manufacturing industry tends toward high-mix low-volume production in recent years. Therefore, in the field of machining, the ratio of preparation in the lead-time becomes higher because the preparation takes a great deal of time and labor to decide suitable machining method, allocate target parts, select cutting tools and generate tool paths. As a result, it is strongly required to develop a computer aided process planning (CAPP) system to shorten the preparation time and to generate NC program. Feature recognition has been considered as a key technology to develop a CAPP system, and a lot of researches have been tackling the technology for a long time. In authors' previous study, novel machining features for multi-tasking machine tools have been proposed. The machining features can correspond to several alternative machining methods. However, complex target shapes of practical mechanical parts have not been considered. In order to solve this problem, special shapes such as chamfer part and freeform surface are firstly approximated and machining features are recognized by simplifying machining primitives such as complicated groove or taper shape. The machining primitives are finally restored to original complex shapes for CAM system in this study. From the results of conducted case study, it is recognized that the proposed feature recognition method has a potential to deal with complex target shapes of practical mechanical parts.

著者

岡 昌男 上村 訓右 足立 幸志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.850, pp.17-00036-17-00036, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

13

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Necessary conditions for usage of DLC coated mechanical seals were investigated by using ring on ring type sliding tests under various contact pressures and sliding speeds in dry and wet nitrogen. The wear mode of DLC coated SiC mechanical seal can be classified into two types by surface morphology of wear surface called ModeI with smooth surface that is useful as a seal and ModeII with relatively rough surface. The transition condition from ModeI to II is given by a critical μ2PV value, and show 0.025 under dry nitrogen and 0.070 under wet nitrogen. With the increase in PV value, arithmetic average roughness Ra decreases from 0.06 μm to 0.04 μm, and it leads to reduction of friction coefficient from 1.4 to 0.4. On the other hand, structural change of DLC films was not obtained within the condition of Mode I, and the friction was high. ModeI possibly has the desirable condition to DLC films for mechanical seal use. As a conclusion, the operation within critical μ2PV value range which depends on various conditions, and in addition, reduction of the friction coefficient in this range, achieve the increase of operating condition.

著者

廣垣 俊樹 青山 栄一 山下 竜弥 岸本 昌大 河添 佑矢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.850, pp.17-00052-17-00052, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Recently, the miniaturization and multi-functionalization of electronic equipment have been demanded due to developments in IT. Therefore, the miniaturization and densification of the semiconductor package printed wiring boards (PWBs) have been more demanded. For the realization, the miniaturization of PWBs and fabrication of highly dense electrical circuit layers are also demanded. As a result, problems such as broken drill by the increase in aspect ratio and heat damage around the drilled hole are occurred in micro-drilling process of the PWB. A step feed drilling is considered to be effective as a solution to those problems However, it needs a high-speed reciprocating movement in short stroke to keep a drilling efficiency, and then causes residual vibration on machine tool table. In the present report, we propose a novel machine tool equipped with a counter balance mechanism using a left and right lead ball screw. This mechanism consists of a balance mass that moves in the Z-axis direction corresponding to the spindle movement to cancel a vibration force in linear direction at reciprocating movement. We construct a test stand to estimate the reducing effect of vibration force and to mode it. Moreover, we confirm the improving effect in high speed micro-drilling process with a proposed machine tool.

著者

横山 眞樹 北山 哲士 高野 昌宏 合葉 修司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.850, pp.17-00067-17-00067, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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Process parameters in plastic injection molding (PIM) such as packing pressure, melt temperature and cooling time have a direct influence on the product quality and it is important to determine the optimal process parameters for the high product quality as well as the high productivity. This paper proposes a method to determine the optimal process parameters in the PIM for high product quality and high productivity. In particular, the variable packing pressure profile that the packing pressure varies through the packing phase is adopted as the advanced PIM. Warpage and cycle time are taken as the product quality and the productivity, respectively. Therefore, a multi-objective optimization of the process parameters using the variable packing pressure profile is performed. Numerical simulation in the PIM is so intensive that a sequential approximate optimization using radial basis function is adopted. It is found through the numerical result that the proposed packing pressure profile can improve both the warpage and the cycle time. Based on the numerical result, the experiment is also carried out. It is confirmed through the numerical and experimental result that the variable packing pressure profile is an effective approach for the warpage reduction and the short cycle time.

著者

佐藤 綾美 岡本 崇 山田 崇恭 泉井 一浩 西脇 眞二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.850, pp.17-00135-17-00135, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

17

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We construct a topology optimization method for two dimensional rarefied gas flow problems, based on level-set boundary expressions. The degree of rarefaction is expressed by the Knudsen number, which is the ratio of the mean free path and the characteristic length of the system. As the Knudsen number approaches 0 in the limit, flow behaviors can be described by Navier-Stokes equations and topology optimization methods for such flows have already been proposed. On the other hand, the governing equation for flows which have a large rarefaction is the Boltzmann equation and topology optimization methods for such flows have not been seen. This paper presents the topology optimization method for rarefied gas flows whose Knudsen number is approximately 1, aiming at an application for the design of flow channels in micromachines. We use the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model of the Boltzmann equation and extend it to the entire design domain that includes both rarefied gas and solid domains. First, we briefly discuss the Boltzmann equation and the level set-based topology optimization method. Second, an optimization problem is formulated to address the design of flow channels that aim to maximize the flow velocity induced along a temperature gradient. Finally, several numerical examples demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the proposed method.

著者

中山 尚也 中内 靖

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.850, pp.16-00383-16-00383, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

10

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When visually impaired persons use general traffic facilities, they may face a lot of difficulties. Particularly, the accidents on the station platform may result serious injuries. One of the solutions is to install a platform door, which opens only when a train is at the station. However, the cost for the installation is very expensive. Also, if a different railroad companies use the same station, it usually cannot be installed. In this paper, we propose a safe walk support system at the station platform by sensor embedded intelligent white cane. Two functions will be realized by the intelligent white cane. It tells the direction of the platform even though a person lost a direction. It also senses a color on the ground and tells the position of the train door. We conducted experiments with subjects and confirmed the efficiency of the proposed system.

著者

土井 幸輝 開発 勇喜 豊田 航 西村 崇宏 藤本 浩志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.850, pp.16-00470-16-00470, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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Tactile characters aid in providing information to visually impaired persons. The Japanese Standards Association enacted basic design methods for embossed tactile patterns in March 2011. However, data on the appropriate size of tactile alphabets are not necessarily enough available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the size of a tactile alphabet on identification and to investigate the perceptible size for people without rich tactile experiences. The participants of this study were 15 young people and 15 old people who were unfamiliar with tactile characters intended for visually impaired people. They were asked to discriminate tactile alphabets of six different sizes by using their forefingers without the aid of eyesight. The results showed that the younger and older participants were able to discriminate the presented stimuli faster and more accurately as the stimulus size was increased. Concretely, when the size was 28 mm, each participants regardless of young or older groups could identify the tactile character accurately and quickly. In addition, a trend was seen in that the older group needed larger tactile alphabet sizes than the younger group. We determined the relationship between the tactile alphabet size and discrimination ability of younger and older people without rich tactile experiences.

著者

大塚 宏一 平木 克裕 日垣 秀彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.850, pp.16-00562-16-00562, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

14

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the temperature behavior of sliding portions in the wear test of artificial joint materials using a hip joint simulator. We measured the concentrations of total protein in the lubricating liquids to determine whether they had an influence on the temperature of the fluids. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the relationship between the temperature of the sliding portions and the adsorbed state of the proteins. The results showed that the temperature of the sliding portions increased to more than 41°C during the running-in period, and it remained constant between 40 to 41°C after this period. However, it was necessary to exchange the lubricating liquids at regular time intervals to maintain the temperature of the sliding portions during prolonged wear tests. The exchange of lubricating liquids helped to maintain the concentration of total protein in lubricating liquids; however, the aggregate of the proteins increased at a temperature more than 40°C at the sliding surfaces. Consequently, it was considered that the adsorption of agglomerated proteins caused by the increased temperature of the sliding portions might influence the wear mechanism of artificial joints.

著者

大内田 久 西岡 章夫 北村 一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学會論文集 (ISSN:00290270)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.286, pp.898-903, 1970-06-25 (Released:2008-03-28)

参考文献数

6